scholarly journals Characterisation of the geochemical heterogeneity of the Rupel Clay Member in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koenen ◽  
J. Griffioen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Boom Clay

AbstractSamples from Rupel Clay across the Netherlands were analysed for the assessment of its heterogeneity in geochemistry and mineralogy. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and bulk and clay fraction X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of 152 samples from 17 different cores are presented and statistically interpreted. The results show a wide variation in the quartz, feldspar, clay mineral and carbonate content between the different samples. Factor analysis showed that the main variance between the samples can be explained by the clay mineral and quartz concentration, the carbonate content and pyrite plus organic matter. In the south of the Netherlands, the Rupel Clay is more quartz-rich and coarse grained. In addition, the clay is heterogeneous, varying with location and depth, consistent with observations for Belgium Boom Clay. Towards the north, the Rupel Clay becomes more clay-rich, finer grained and more homogeneous, both laterally and with depth. In addition, the clay has a relatively high carbonate and organic matter content. The pyrite content does not show any trends with location and depth. The differences between north and south are explained by the variations in depositional setting within the southern North Sea Basin.

A MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE DIKELAND SOILS OF NOVA SCOTIA

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Brydon ◽  
H. Heystek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
High Organic Matter Content

Six profiles taken from the dikeland areas of Nova Scotia were examined chemically and mineralogically. The mineralogy of the various layers was similar within and between profiles, except that the reddish layers contained goethite while the grey layers did not. The latter were very strongly acidic and had an unusually high organic matter content due to burial of undecomposed vegetation by tidal sediments. While they contained no goethite, they had a significant amount of "free iron". It is proposed that where sufficient organic matter was available the grey layers were produced by anaerobic bacterial reduction of the reddish iron oxides.Quartz was the predominant non-clay mineral associated with mica, feldspar and chlorite. The clay fraction consisted of illite with characteristics of muscovite, chlorite similar to "swelling" chlorite, kaolinite and montmorillonite.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Model to Accurately Monitor Soil Water Content

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3441
Author(s):  
Jingyu Ji ◽  
Junzeng Xu ◽  
Yixin Xiao ◽  
Yajun Luan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Improved Model

The accurate monitoring of soil water content during the growth of crops is of great importance to improve agricultural water use efficiency. The Campbell model is one of the most widely used models for monitoring soil moisture content from soil thermal conductivities in farmland, which always needs to be calibrated due to the lack of adequate original data and the limitation of measurement methods. To precisely predict the water content of complex soils using the Campbell model, this model was evaluated by investigating several factors, including soil texture, bulk density and organic matter. The comparison of the R2 and the reduced Chi-Sqr values, which were calculated by Origin, was conducted to calibrate the Campbell model calculated. In addition, combining factors of parameters, a new parameter named m related to soil texture and the organic matter was firstly introduced and the original fitting parameter, E, was improved to an expression related to clay fraction and the organic matter content in the improved model. The soil data collected from both the laboratory and the previous literature were used to assess the revised model. The results show that most of the R2 values of the improved model are >0.95, and the reduced Chi-Sqr values are <0.01, which presents a better matching performance compared to the original. It is concluded that the improved model provides more accurate monitoring of soil water content for water irrigation management.

A source of error in the estimation of the organic matter content of samples containing calcium carbonate

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. DeB. Hovell ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
The Difference

The conventional method for the determination of the organic matter content of diets and faeces is by ashing the sample at 550 °C (A.O.A.C, 1965)Organic matter (O.M.) = dry matter (D.M.)–ash.If the sample contains calcium carbonate, then some of this carbonate will be converted to oxide (Vogel, 1951) and the weight of carbon dioxide evolved will be calculated as organic matter. The amount of carbonate converted will be dependent upon the temperature at which the sample is ashed and the duration of the ashing process. We have found (Ørskov, Hovell & Allen, 1966; Hovell & Greenhalgh, 1972) that when calcium salts of volatile fatty acids are included in diets given to sheep, most of the calcium is excreted in the faeces as carbonate, and since apparent digestibility is the difference between the amounts of nutrient ingested and excreted, the estimation of the apparent digestibility of organic matter will be in error if no correction is made for the high calcium carbonate content of the faeces. For example, a diet which contained 9·2% of calcium acetate had a true organic matterapparent digestibility of 86·8%. Had no correction been made this would have been estimated as 84·9%.

Adsorption of Chloridazon by Soils and their Components

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Sánchez-Martín ◽  
Maria Sáanchez-Camazano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Natural Soils

The effect of soil composition on adsorption of chloridazon by 18 samples of natural soils, with different chemical and textural characteristics, obtained from west-central Spain, was investigated. The effect of removal of organic matter on adsorption and adsorption of the herbicide by the active components of the soils (montmorillonite and humic acid) was also studied. A highly significant correlation was found between the distribution coefficient (Kd) and organic matter content when all the soils or the soils with organic matter content >2% were considered. According to the determination coefficients (r2), organic matter content accounted for 72% of the variance in adsorption in the former case and 92% in the latter. In soils with an organic matter content <2%, there was no correlation between Kd and organic matter content. A significant correlation was observed between Kd and smectite content for soils containing smectite in their clay fraction. Both simple and multiple correlations showed that clay content, excluding the smectite fraction, had a relatively small effect on adsorption of the herbicide. Adsorption of chloridazon by oxidized soils, montmorillonite, and humic acid confirms the effect of organic matter and smectite on adsorption in natural soils.

scholarly journals Contamination Alters the Physicochemical and Textural Characteristics of Clays in the Sediments of the Peri Urban Reconquista River, Affecting the Associated Indigenous Microorganisms

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Ana E. Tufo ◽  
Susana Vázquez ◽  
Natalia F. Porzionato ◽  
María Celeste Grimolizzi ◽  
María Belén Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Textural Characteristics ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Textural Characterization ◽  
Reconquista River

The physicochemical and textural characteristics of river sediments and, essentially, their clays, are at the center of a network of biological and geochemical factors that are mutually modifying. Therefore, the contamination, the characteristics of the clays, and the associated microorganisms strongly influence each other. In this work, sediments from two sites of the urban Reconquista River, near Buenos Aires City, Argentina, exposed to different environmental contexts were characterized. The huge differences in the organic matter content in the vertical profile between both sediments strongly evidenced the polluted status of San Francisco (SF) site as opposed to the Dique Roggero (DR) site. Thorough physicochemical and textural characterization of the sediments and their clay fraction performed by pH, Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), spectrophotometry, XRD, laser diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, EDS, and SEM measurements revealed that organic matter (DR: 41 ± 5 g kg−1; SF: 150 ± 30 g kg−1) intervened in the retention of heavy metals (DR: 5.6 mg kg−1 Zn, 7 mg kg−1 Cu, 3.1 kg−1 Cr; SF: 240 mg kg−1 Zn, 60 mg kg−1 Cu, 270 mg kg−1 Cr) and affected the level of association and the formation of mineral–organic aggregates (DR: 15 ± 3 μm; SF: 23 ± 4 μm). This can be decisive in the surface interaction required for the establishment of bacterial assemblages, which determine the biogeochemical processes occurring in sediments and have a key role in the fate of contaminants in situ and in the remediation processes that need to be applied to restore the anoxic contaminated sediments.

scholarly journals Prediction of soil organic matter content by combining data from Nix ProTM color sensor and portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in tropical soils

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. e00461
Author(s):  
Alvaro José Gomes de Faria ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva ◽  
Renata Andrade ◽  
Marcelo Mancini ◽  
Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Color Sensor ◽  
Combining Data

scholarly journals Determination of the Atterberg Limits of Eemian Gyttja on Samples with Different Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Goławska ◽  
Zbigniew Lechowicz ◽  
Władysław Matusiewicz ◽  
Maria Jolanta Sulewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Content

AbstractThe paper presents the results of laboratory tests of plastic limit wP and liquid limit wL of Eemian gyttja characterized by different organic matter content Iom and calcium carbonate content CaCO3. Comparison of the liquid limit wL determined with the use of the Casagrande apparatus wLC and a cone penetrometer with cones having apex angles of 60° wL60 and 30° wL30 is shown. Based on statistical analysis of the test results, single- and two-factor empirical relationships for evaluating the plastic limit wP and liquid limit wL of Eemian gyttja depending on the organic matter content Iom and/or calcium carbonate content CaCO3 are presented in this study.

scholarly journals Water repellency decreases with increasing carbonate content and pH for different biocrust types on sand dunes

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Sylvie Laureen Drahorad ◽  
Vincent J. M. N. L. Felde ◽  
Ruth H. Ellerbrock ◽  
Anja Henss
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract Biocrusts are biological communities that occupy the soil surface, accumulate organic matter and mineral particles and hence strongly affect the properties of the soils they cover. Moreover, by affecting water repellency, biocrusts may cause a preferential infiltration of rainwater, with a high impact on the formation of local water pathways, especially for sand dunes. The aim of this study is to shed light on the connections between water repellency and pH, carbonate and organic matter content in two dune ecosystems with different biocrust types. For this, we used contact angle measurements, gas volumetric carbonate determination and organic matter characterization via FT-IR and TOF-SIMS. In both ecosystems, moss-dominated biocrusts showed higher water repellency and higher amounts of organic matter compared to algal or cyanobacterial biocrusts. Surprisingly, the biocrusts of the two dune systems did not show differences in organic matter composition or organic coatings of the mineral grains. Biocrusts on the more acidic dunes showed a significantly higher level of water repellency as compared to higher carbonate containing dunes. We conclude that the driving factor for the increase in water repellency between cyanobacterial and moss-dominated biocrusts within one study site is the content of organic matter. However, when comparing the different study sites, we found that higher amounts of carbonate reduced biocrust water repellency.

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