scholarly journals The coevolution of networks and health

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID R. SCHAEFER ◽  
JIMI ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Network Research ◽  
Literature Highlight ◽  
The Relationship

Historically, health has played an important role in network research, and vice versa (Valente, 2010). This intersection has contributed to how we understand human health as well as the development of network concepts, theory, and methods. Throughout, dynamics have featured prominently. Even when limited to static methods, the emphasis in each of these fields on providing causal explanations has led researchers to draw upon theories that are dynamic, often explicitly. Here, we elaborate a variety of ways to conceptualize the relationship between health and network dynamics, show how these possibilities are reflected in the existing literature, highlight how the articles within this special issue expand that understanding, and finally, identify paths for future research to push this intersection forward.

scholarly journals Cognitive Assessments in Hydration Research Involving Children: Methods and Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Westfall ◽  
Nicole E. Logan ◽  
Naiman A. Khan ◽  
Charles H. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of optimal and insufficient hydration on human health have received increasing investigation in recent years. Specifically, water is an essential nutrient for human health, and the importance of hydration on cognition has continued to attract research interest over the last decade. Despite this focus, children remain a relatively understudied population relative to the effects of hydration on cognition. Of those studies investigating children, findings have been inconsistent, resulting from utilizing a wide variety of cognitive domains and cognitive assessments, as well as varied hydration protocols. Here, our aim is to create a primer for assessing cognition during hydration research in children. Specifically, we review the definition of cognition and the domains of which it is composed, how cognition has been measured in both field- and laboratory-based assessments, results from neuroimaging methods, and the relationship between hydration and academic achievement in children. Lastly, future research considerations are discussed.

Gifting technologies (originally published in December 2004)

First Monday ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McGee ◽  
Jörgen Skågeby
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Public Oversight ◽  
Important Research Question

This paper is included in the First Monday Special Issue: Music and the Internet, published in July 2005. Special Issue editor David Beer asked authors to submit additional comments regarding their articles. When we were asked to specify the licensing terms for publishing our article, the issue of gifting suddenly seemed personal: as authors of a research paper on gifting, we had to ask ourselves and each other some hard questions about gifting our own work. In an earlier day, the issues were somewhat simpler. Copyright was not automatically bestowed on all published works, the term of copyright wasn't a moving target, and the results of publicly-funded research were typically assumed to belong to the public. Although we have decided to explicitly gift our paper into the public domain, we each initially had different responses to the licensing question -- and the ensuing discussions revealed a number of different assumptions, beliefs, hopes and expectations. In this sense, it probably parallels many of the current debates worldwide about the relationship between public interest and copyright, trademarks, and patents. Hopefully, the larger debates can occur with due public oversight, representation, and accountability. In this sense, the debates and their consequences are personal for all of us. File–sharing has become very popular in recent years, but for many this has become synonymous with file–getting. However, there is strong evidence to suggest that people have strong giving (or gifting) needs. This evidence suggests an opportunity for the development of gifting technologies — and it also suggests an important research question and challenge: what needs and concerns do gifters have and what technologies can be developed to help them? In this paper, we discuss the existing literature on gifting, report on an initial study of gifting in an online sharing community, and suggest some ways the study results can inform future research into gifting desires — as well as the design of specific gifting technologies.

scholarly journals Introduction to special issue on digitalization, labour and global production

2020 ◽  
pp. 102452942091447
Author(s):  
Gale Raj-Reichert ◽  
Sabrina Zajak ◽  
Nicole Helmerich
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Global North ◽  
Global Systems ◽  
The Relationship

This special issue contributes to the emerging literature on digitalization and its impact on work and workers in global systems of production. Three key themes are featured in the collection of papers. They are on the relationship between the use of digital communication technologies and power relationships, working conditions of online workers or crowd-workers, and shifting geographies of production. The papers also largely focus on the global South, contributing to research on digitalization and labour which has thus far tended to examine large and higher income countries mainly in the global North. This introductory article expands on and situates the papers broadly within the literature on digitalization and labour and within the three themes more specifically, and discusses their implications for future research.

scholarly journals The Multifaceted Roles of Diet, Microbes, and Metabolites in Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Heather Armstrong ◽  
Michael Bording-Jorgensen ◽  
Eytan Wine
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preventative Medicine ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Misconceptions

Many studies performed to date have implicated select microbes and dietary factors in a variety of cancers, yet the complexity of both these diseases and the relationship between these factors has limited the ability to translate findings into therapies and preventative guidelines. Here we begin by discussing recently published studies relating to dietary factors, such as vitamins and chemical compounds used as ingredients, and their contribution to cancer development. We further review recent studies, which display evidence of the microbial-diet interaction in the context of cancer. The field continues to advance our understanding of the development of select cancers and how dietary factors are related to the development, prevention, and treatment of these cancers. Finally, we highlight the science available in the discussion of common misconceptions with regards to cancer and diet. We conclude this review with thoughts on where we believe future research should focus in order to provide the greatest impact towards human health and preventative medicine.

scholarly journals How changing conditions make us reconsider the relationship between immigration attitudes, religion, and EU attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes H de Vreese
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship

In a world where attitudes towards immigration and the European Union are at the forefront of political and economic agendas across the continent, this Special Issue is highly relevant and well timed. This Forum article reviews the Special Issue and summarizes lessons learned and identifies open, remaining and new, questions. As a future research agenda, it is advised to pay attention to (a) differentiation in EU attitudes, (b) the role of national political elites, (c) the changing communications environment, and (d) the role of religion and religious attitudes.

scholarly journals Network dynamics, economic transition, and policy design—an introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamed Kudic ◽  
Matthias Müller ◽  
Tobias Buchmann ◽  
Andreas Pyka ◽  
Jutta Günther
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transition ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Introductory Paper

AbstractNetwork dynamics, economic transformation, and policy design are closely related phenomena that influence the performance of economic systems in a variety of ways. In this introductory paper, we set the stage for a series of excellent contributions addressing some still largely unexplored questions in this research field. At the core of our introduction, we provide a contextual structuration and classification of the contributions to this special issue. Finally, we address some contemporary issues that deserve some attention since they open up highly interesting opportunities for future research.

scholarly journals Re-Examining the Link Between Premarital Sex and Divorce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Smith ◽  
Nicholas H. Wolfinger
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Selection Factors ◽  
Selection Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Divorce Risk

Objective: This study re-examined the relationship between premarital sex and divorce risk, with a focus on selection mechanisms, number of premarital partners, and gender differences.Background: Premarital sex predicts divorce, but we do not know why. Scholars have attributed the relationship to selection factors such as differences in beliefs and values, but these explanations have not been tested. It is further unclear how this relationship changes by number of sexual partners, or differs by gender.Method: Event-history models of divorce risk were estimated using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Models included measures of adolescent beliefs and values, parental communication with children about sex, and approximate number of premarital sexual partners. All models were re-estimated with an interaction term between premarital sex and gender.Results: The relationship between premarital sex and divorce is highly significant and robust. Compared to people with no premarital partners other than eventual spouses, those with six or more partners exhibit the highest divorce risk, followed by those with one to two partners. There is no evidence of gender differences.Conclusion: Previously-theorized selection mechanisms thought to explain the relationship between premarital sex and divorce are not supported. Future research should explore either alternative selective or causal explanations for this link.

Doing Nutrition Differently

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Hayes-Conroy ◽  
Adele Hite ◽  
Kendra Klein ◽  
Charlotte Biltekoff ◽  
Aya H. Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Nutritional Information ◽  
The Relationship

This conversation is part of a special issue on “Critical Nutrition” in which multiple authors weigh in on various themes related to the origins, character, and consequences of contemporary American nutrition discourses and practices, as well as how nutrition might be known and done differently. In this section, authors reflect on the limits of standard nutrition in understanding the relationship between food and human health. They also focus on how nutrition practitioners are or could be creating different practices for how nutritional information is made available, shared, and absorbed. Among the different frameworks under discussion are individualized nutrition, ecological nutrition, critical dietary literacy, feminist nutrition, and technologies of humility.

Special Issue on Psychophysiology and Neuroscience in Sport: Final Thoughts

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Special Issue

Consistent with the Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology’s mission, the current special issue on psychophysiology and neuroscience in sport has brought together a variety of timely papers exploring the relationship between physiological processes and both sport performance and personal well-being. These final thoughts observe patterns noted among the papers in this issue, highlight future research directions, and most importantly, clarify where this emerging technology and its associated procedures currently stand in the evidence-based practice of clinical sport psychology.

Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.

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