scholarly journals A METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT COMPANIES IN THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS DE-MANUFACTURING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Federica Cappelletti ◽  
Marta Rossi ◽  
Michele Germani ◽  
Mohammad Shadman Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Disassembly Sequence ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Complex Activities

AbstractDe-manufacturing and re-manufacturing are fundamental technical solutions to efficiently recover value from post-use products. Disassembly in one of the most complex activities in de-manufacturing because i) the more manual it is the higher is its cost, ii) disassembly times are variable due to uncertainty of conditions of products reaching their EoL, and iii) because it is necessary to know which components to disassemble to balance the cost of disassembly. The paper proposes a methodology that finds ways of applications: it can be applied at the design stage to detect space for product design improvements, and it also represents a baseline from organizations approaching de-manufacturing for the first time. The methodology consists of four main steps, in which firstly targets components are identified, according to their environmental impact; secondly their disassembly sequence is qualitatively evaluated, and successively it is quantitatively determined via disassembly times, predicting also the status of the component at their End of Life. The aim of the methodology is reached at the fourth phase when alternative, eco-friendlier End of Life strategies are proposed, verified, and chosen.

scholarly journals A holistic End-of-Life (EoL) Index for the quantitative impact assessment of CFRP waste recycling techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Dionysios N. Markatos ◽  
Christos V. Katsiropoulos ◽  
Konstantinos I. Tserpes ◽  
Spiros G. Pantelakis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Recycling Techniques

In the present study, a holistic End-of-Life (EoL) Index is introduced to serve as a decision support tool for choosing the optimal recycling process among a number of alternative recycling techniques of CFRP waste. For the choice of the optimal recycling process, quality of the recycled fibers as well as cost and environmental impact of the recycling methods under consideration, are accounted for. Quality is interpreted as the reusability potential of the recycled fibers; that is quantified through the equivalent volume fraction of recycled fibers that balances the mechanical properties of a composite composed of a certain volume fraction of virgin fibers. The proposed Index is offering an estimated balanced score, quantifying a trade-off between the reusability potential of the recycled fibers as well as the cost and the environmental impact of the recycling methods considered.

scholarly journals Estimating the Cost of Product Recycling with the Use of Ecodesign Support System

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Karwasz ◽  
Ewa Dostatni ◽  
Jacek Diakun ◽  
Damian Grajewski ◽  
Radosław Wichniarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Support System ◽  
Original System ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
System A ◽  
Product Recycling ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sample Estimate

Abstract The paper focuses on issues associated with the ecodesign of household appliances. The authors describe the estimation of recycling cost of end-of-life products using their original system supporting ecodesign. The cost estimate was conducted during product design stage using the information stored in CAD 3D system. A sample estimate was made for a washing machine, fridge, kettle, and a hairdryer.

scholarly journals Common and distinctive features of judicial and extrajudicial mediation in disputes concerning appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of subjects of power

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
I. M. Yusko
Keyword(s):  
Public Authorities ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time ◽  
Court Mediation

The article examines the place of disputes over appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of the subjects of power in modern conditions. Some scientific views on the classification of types and kinds of mediation as a legal institution are analyzed. Existing models of mediation are identified. It is stated that in the Ukrainian legal system there are two possible models of mediation: judicial and extrajudicial. The own concept of «judicial mediation» is formulated. It is argued that judicial mediation is provided by administrative procedural law in the form of dispute resolution with the participation of a judge. The content of out-of-court mediation and its significance in administrative disputes are revealed. Features and signs of judicial and extrajudicial mediation are described. It is stated that judicial mediation is rarely used in administrative proceedings, and there are no mechanisms for the use of out-of-court mediation. The essence of judicial and extrajudicial within the framework of resolving disputes concerning appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of subjects of power has been studied. Modern scientific approaches to the ratio of components of judicial, extrajudicial mediation and litigation are generalized. It is proved that in science there is no single approach to the characteristics of extrajudicial and judicial mediation. For the first time, the author provides a comparative description of the main elements of judicial and extrajudicial mediation in disputes concerning the appeal of decisions, actions or omissions of the subjects of power. The role of judicial and extrajudicial mediation as legal institutions is defined. The possibility of using judicial and extrajudicial mediation in disputes concerning appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of subjects of power has been established. The basic principles of judicial and extrajudicial mediation are formulated. The status of a mediator in judicial and extrajudicial mediation is revealed. The functions of the mediator are highlighted. The duration of judicial and out-of-court mediation procedures is stipulated. The cost of judicial and extrajudicial mediation procedures is substantiated. The essence and content of the result of judicial and extrajudicial mediation procedures are determined. It is proved that judicial and extrajudicial mediation in disputes with public authorities and their officials have their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, it was found that, compared to judicial, out-of-court mediation in disputes over appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of subjects of power is a more effective conciliation procedure, but there are questions about the level of professionalism and education of the mediator. Ways are provided to improve the implementation of judicial and extrajudicial mediation in resolving disputes concerning appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of the subjects of power.

scholarly journals Towards a Plastic Circular Economy: Bio-derived Plastics and their End-of-life Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 744-751
Author(s):  
Simon B. C. Verstraeten ◽  
Antoine van Muyden ◽  
Felix D. Bobbink
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
The Status

Herein, we describe the status of bio-derived plastics as well as the existing and emerging technologies that are available for their post-consumer end-of-life valorization. We first present how bio-derived plastics can be produced from renewable materials such as biomass and CO2. In the second section, we present an overview of the technologies available for the end-of-life, including pyrolysis and gasification and how they can be leveraged towards a circular economy. We continue the discussion with the presentation of an emerging technology, polyolefin hydrocracking. Finally, the concepts are discussed in light of life cycle analysis that helps to assess the sustainability of manufacture (and recycling) methods.

An Evaluation of Provincial Macroeconomic Performance in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Hoi Le Quoc ◽  
Nam Pham Xuan ◽  
Tuan Nguyen Anh
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
First Time

The study was targeted at developing a methodology for constructing a macroeconomic performance index at a provincial level for the first time in Vietnam based on 4 groups of measurements: (i) Economic indicators; (ii) oriented economic indicators; (iii) socio-economic indicators; and (iv) economic - social – institutional indicators. Applying the methodology to the 2011 - 2015 empirical data of all provinces in Vietnam, the research shows that the socio-economic development strategy implemented by those provinces did not provide balanced outcomes between growth and social objectives, sustainability and inclusiveness. Many provinces focused on economic growth at the cost of structural change, equality and institutional transformation. In contrast, many provinces were successful in improving equality but not growth. Those facts threaten the long-term development objectives of the provinces.

Victorian Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ablow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Harriet Martineau ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
First Time

The nineteenth century introduced developments in science and medicine that made the eradication of pain conceivable for the first time. This new understanding of pain brought with it a complex set of moral and philosophical dilemmas. If pain serves no obvious purpose, how do we reconcile its existence with a well-ordered universe? Examining how writers of the day engaged with such questions, this book offers a compelling new literary and philosophical history of modern pain. The book provides close readings of novelists Charlotte Brontë and Thomas Hardy and political and natural philosophers John Stuart Mill, Harriet Martineau, and Charles Darwin, as well as a variety of medical, scientific, and popular writers of the Victorian age. The book explores how discussions of pain served as investigations into the status of persons and the nature and parameters of social life. No longer conceivable as divine trial or punishment, pain in the nineteenth century came to seem instead like a historical accident suggesting little or nothing about the individual who suffers. A landmark study of Victorian literature and the history of pain, the book shows how these writers came to see pain as a social as well as a personal problem. Rather than simply self-evident to the sufferer and unknowable to anyone else, pain was also understood to be produced between persons—and even, perhaps, by the fictions they read.

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

Fouling Is the Beginning: Upcycling Biopolymer-Fouled Substrates for Fabricating High-Permeance Thin-Film Composite Polyamide Membranes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruobin Dai ◽  
Hongyi Han ◽  
Tianlin Wang ◽  
Jiayi Li ◽  
Chuyang Y. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Membrane Recycling ◽  
Film Composite ◽  
Thin Film Composite ◽  
First Time

Commercial polymeric membranes are generally recognized to have low sustainability as membranes need to be replaced and abandoned after reaching the end of their life. At present, only techniques for downcycling end-of-life high-pressure membranes are available. For the first time, this study paves the way for upcycling fouled/end-of-life low-pressure membranes to fabricate new high-pressure membranes for water purification, forming a closed eco-loop of membrane recycling with significantly improved sustainability.

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR THE PREVENTION OF APNEA DURING PHYSIOLOGICAL SLEEP IN HUMANS

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-210
Author(s):  
Сергей Борисович Казаков ◽  
Дмитрий Михайлович Шишов ◽  
Антон Игоревич Ларин ◽  
Александр Петрович Николаев ◽  
Аза Валерьевна Писарева
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
High Price ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Artificial Lung Ventilation ◽  
Exact Moment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Physiological Sleep

В статье представлен обзор существующих технических решений в сфере мониторинга и предотвращения апноэ во сне. Произведён анализ существующих аппаратов для предотвращения апноэ, который показал, что на рынке присутствует большое количество импортных моделей, однако они имеют довольно высокую цену. Разработанный нами Российский аналог проектируемого аппарата, при схожих характеристиках, будет иметь более привлекательную цену, чем у импортных приборов. Интегрирование датчика влажности в персональную маску пациента даёт возможность отслеживать остановки дыхания пациента во время сна, и тем самым включать процесс принудительной подачи дыхательной смеси именно в тот момент, когда она необходима для устранения патологии. Целью научной работы является разработка конструкции прибора и создание алгоритма программы для управления аппарата искусственной вентиляции лёгких для предотвращения апноэ во сне. Показана разработка структуры устройства аппарата. Подобран компрессор и датчик влажности с обоснованными характеристиками для создания аппарата, а также основные элементы. Разработана конструкция корпуса аппарата и разработана компоновка. Выполнено технико-экономическое обоснование разработки аппаратно-программного комплекса для предотвращения апноэ во сне. Показано, что себестоимость готового изделия достаточно конкурентна The article presents an overview of existing technical solutions in the field of monitoring and prevention of sleep apnea. An analysis of existing devices for preventing apnea was made, which showed that there are a large number of imported models on the market, but they have a fairly high price. The Russian analog of the designed device developed by us, with similar characteristics, will have a more attractive price than that of imported devices. The integration of the humidity sensor into the patient's personal mask makes it possible to monitor the patient's breathing stops during sleep, and thus enable the process of forced delivery of the respiratory mixture at the exact moment when it is necessary to eliminate the pathology. The purpose of the research is to develop the device design and create a program algorithm for controlling the artificial lung ventilation device to prevent sleep apnea. The development of the device structure is shown. The compressor and humidity sensor with reasonable characteristics for creating the device, as well as the main elements are selected. The design of the device body and its layout were developed. A feasibility study for the development of a hardware and software system for preventing sleep apnea has been completed. It is shown that the cost of the finished product is quite competitive

Status of Family Fissidentaceae in Gujarat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shah ◽  
D.N. Mehta ◽  
R.V. Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are also known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. 67 species of bryophytes have been reported from select locations across the state of Gujrat. The status of family fissidentaceae which is a large moss family is being presented in this paper. Globally the family consists of 10 genera but only one genus, Fissidens Hedw. has been collected from Gujarat. Fissidens is characterized by a unique leaf structure and shows the presence of three distinct lamina, the dorsal, the ventral and the vaginant lamina. A total of 8 species of Fissidens have been reported from the state based on vegetative characters as no sporophyte stages were collected earlier. Species reported from the neighboring states also showed the absence of sporophytes. The identification of different species was difficult due to substantial overlap in vegetative characters. Hence a detailed study on the diversity of members of Fissidentaceae in Gujarat was carried out between November 2013 and February 2015. In present study 8 distinct species of Fissidens have been collected from different parts of the state. Three species Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth., Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens curvato-involutus Dixon. have been identified while the other five are still to be identified. Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens xiphoides M. Fleisch., which have been reported as distinct species are actually synonyms according to TROPICOS database. The presence of sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes for several Fissidens species are also being reported for the first time from the state.

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