The Role of Party Identification in Spatial Models of Voting Choice

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Lachat
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Model ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Choice Models ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Voting Choice ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Impact

Party identification and issue preferences are central explanatory factors in many voting choice models. Their effects on party preferences are usually understood to be additive. That is, issue preferences’ impact on party utilities is assumed to be the same among both party identifiers and nonidentifiers. This article suggests an alternative model in which party identification moderates the impact of issues on the vote. The impact of issue preferences on party utilities should be weaker among voters who identify with a party. This hypothesis is tested using data from four recent Dutch election studies. The results show that identifying with a party substantially weakens the issue preference effect on party evaluations, particularly for the party with which a voter identifies.

An “Authoritarian Spring?” Authoritarianism and the 2018 Midterm Elections

The Forum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-545
Author(s):  
Anne M. Cizmar ◽  
John McTague
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Midterm Elections ◽  
Campaign Messages ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Election Studies

Abstract This paper examines the role of authoritarianism in the 2018 US congressional elections. In particular, we assess whether the issues that have historically been central to the authoritarian divide in the American electorate were salient in the campaigns of several important Senate races. We demonstrate that authoritarian attitudes played a consistent, significant role on presidential vote choice, party identification, and numerous policy areas in the 2016 presidential election using data from the American National Election Studies. Using case studies of six Senate races in the 2018 midterm elections, we find that authoritarianism was more muted than in 2016, and that the role of authoritarianism varied considerably depending upon the race. States with stronger Trump support in 2016 featured authoritarianism more heavily than states with less Trump support in 2016, but authoritarianism overall was not as prominent in 2018 as in 2016. Overall, Senate candidates relied on traditional campaign messages related to candidate qualifications, personal attacks, the economy, and other messages less central to authoritarianism.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial intention of engineering students: the role of motivations and barriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Bich Huy Hai Bui ◽  
Minh Tien Pham
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Entrepreneurial Motivations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions of entrepreneurial motivations and barriers and to assess their influence on the entrepreneurial intention of engineering students. Using data of 350 respondents who are students at HCMC University of Technology, VNU-HCM, the study identifies the key motives and barriers towards entrepreneurship. The data are then subjected to statistical regression in order to identify causal relationships between the motivations, barriers, and entrepreneurial intention. The results indicate that creativity, independence, and economic motivation have a positive impact on entrepreneurial intention and that the most important motivator for the entrepreneurial intention of engineering students is creativity. On the contrary, lack of knowledge is the only barrier (an internal barrier) that impedes the students' intention of entrepreneurship. These results imply that the students' entrepreneurial intention is more affected by internal factors (for both motivations and barriers) than external factors. In terms of the relative power of the effects of motives and barriers on students' entrepreneurial intention, the results suggest that the impact of motivations is generally more powerful than that of barriers. The findings have important implications for educators and policymakers.

scholarly journals Specialization and Performance: Evidence from NCAA 4 × 400 m Relay Times

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Candon Johnson ◽  
Robert Schultz ◽  
Joshua C. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measure ◽  
Division I ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

This paper investigates the impact of having open 400 meter (400 m) runners on NCAA relay teams. Using data from 2012–2016 containing the top 100 4 × 400 m in each NCAA Division relay times for each year, it is found that more 400 m specialists lead to an increase in the overall performance of the team, measured by a decrease in relay times. The effect is examined across Division I–III NCAA track teams. The results are consistent across each division. We view this as a test of the role of specialization on performance. Using runners who specialize in 400 m races should increase overall team performance as long as specialization does not lead to an inefficient allocation of team human capital. An additional performance measure is used examining the difference between projected and actual relay times. Divisions I and II are found to perform better than projected with an increase in 400 m runners, but there is no effect found in Division III.

The Impact of AIS Usage on AIS Effectiveness Among Jordanian SMEs: A Multi-group Analysis of the Role of Firm Size

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092096507
Author(s):  
Abdalwali Lutfi ◽  
Manaf Al-Okaily ◽  
Adi Alsyouf ◽  
Abdallah Alsaad ◽  
Abdallah Taamneh
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
It Usage ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

In this research, we look at the antecedents of accounting information system (AIS) usage and their impact on the effectiveness of AIS. Therefore, drawing upon the resource-based view (RBV) and the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework, we propose an integrated model to investigate the precursors and impacts of AIS utilization among Jordanian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The model so proposed incorporates the usage of AIS and its performance aspects into one framework. The current research utilized a self-administered questionnaire survey to collect data. Using data drawn from 186 respondents, the research model was verified empirically in the context of Jordanian SMEs. The findings revealed that compatibility, competitive pressure, organizational readiness, the commitment of the owners/managers and government supports have exerted a significant influence on the usage of AIS. In addition, the results demonstrated that AIS usage significantly influenced the effectiveness of AIS. In addition, firm size moderated the effect of AIS usage on AIS effectiveness. The findings of the current study afford insights as to how firms might garner improved usage of an AIS to gain better firm performance and provide contributions to the small but developing stream of research examining both antecedents and impacts of IS/IT usage.

Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cletus Famous Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
Voter Choice ◽  
Specific Manifestation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article examines the influence of religion on voter choice homogeneity (VCH) in the Nigerian presidential elections of the fourth republic (1999–2015). The result indicates that in the first two elections, religion did not have a significant impact on VCH but had increasing influence from 2011. Thus, compared with the 1999 and 2003 elections, the effect of faith in 2011 and 2015 elections was positive, but the impact of religion was highest in 2015, having a significant and robust effect on VCH. Thus, the paper demonstrates that impact of faith in the presidential elections in the fourth republic has strengthened over time. This finding is, however, put in the context of each election regarding the role of candidates’ popularity, party-identification, ethnicity, candidates’ performance, the number of candidates contesting the election and the position of prominent leaders of the different regions of the country. The paper demonstrates that placing the influence of religion on vote choice in the context of each election and place-specific manifestation of VCH is pertinent in understanding better how religion shapes voting behaviour in Nigeria.

The Role of Sex and Age on Pre-drinking: An Exploratory International Comparison of 27 Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ferris ◽  
Cheneal Puljević ◽  
Florian Labhart ◽  
Adam Winstock ◽  
Emmanuel Kuntsche
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multivariate Multilevel Models

Abstract Aims This exploratory study aims to model the impact of sex and age on the percentage of pre-drinking in 27 countries, presenting a single model of pre-drinking behaviour for all countries and then comparing the role of sex and age on pre-drinking behaviour between countries. Methods Using data from the Global Drug Survey, the percentages of pre-drinkers were estimated for 27 countries from 64,485 respondents. Bivariate and multivariate multilevel models were used to investigate and compare the percentage of pre-drinking by sex (male and female) and age (16–35 years) between countries. Results The estimated percentage of pre-drinkers per country ranged from 17.8% (Greece) to 85.6% (Ireland). The influence of sex and age on pre-drinking showed large variation between the 27 countries. With the exception of Canada and Denmark, higher percentages of males engaged in pre-drinking compared to females, at all ages. While we noted a decline in pre-drinking probability among respondents in all countries after 21 years of age, after the age of 30 this probability remained constant in some countries, or even increased in Brazil, Canada, England, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. Conclusions Pre-drinking is a worldwide phenomenon, but varies substantially by sex and age between countries. These variations suggest that policy-makers would benefit from increased understanding of the particularities of pre-drinking in their own country to efficiently target harmful pre-drinking behaviours.

Cardiometabolic Risk and Cognitive Decline: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Childhood and Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Oi ◽  
Steven Haas
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Socioeconomic conditions in childhood predict cognitive functioning in later life. It is unclear whether poor childhood socioeconomic status (SES) also predicts the acceleration of cognitive decline. One proposed pathway is via cardiometabolic risk, which has been linked to both childhood SES and earlier onset of cognitive impairment. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examine the impact of childhood SES on cognitive trajectories over six years and test whether it operates through increased cardiometabolic risk and adult SES. We find that higher childhood SES leads to slower cognitive decline, partially due to lower levels of cardiometabolic risk. However, these pathways operate entirely through adult socioeconomic attainment. The results have important implications for future trends in cognitive population health within the context of growing social inequality and reduced social mobility.

scholarly journals The Impact of Venture Capital on the Growth of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Junjuan Du ◽  
Zheng-Qun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
Enterprise Growth ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are considered to have potential innovation capabilities and can create new market opportunities. Venture capital can financially support entrepreneurial activities for economic growth and governs and nurtures the growth of the SMEs. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence mechanism of venture capital on the development of SMEs in agri-food industry. Based on the enterprise growth theory, this study constructed an evaluation model, consisting of technological innovation, profitability, development capability, and solvency, to examine the effect of venture capital on the growth of agricultural SMEs. Using data of 40 agricultural SEMs from the SME and ChiNext boards in China, the empirical analysis has been conducted with the multivariate regression analysis method. The results show that the venture capital can significantly improve the technology innovation, profitability, and growth ability of SMEs. For the solvency of SMEs, the promoting role of venture capital is not obvious. Finally, the practical implications of this study for venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, and regulators are discussed.

New Empirical Evidence of the Role of Interest Groups in Influencing the Growth of Government

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Gary A. Wagner ◽  
Russell S. Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Political Action Committees ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract We provide new evidence regarding the role of interest groups in influencing the size and growth of government spending. Using data on the change in individual legislators’ total voted and sponsored spending from the status quo, we explore this relationship in a manner closer to the public choice tradition. Examining the impact diat interest groups have on individual legislators’ preferences for new spending, we find that interest groups within a legislator’s district exhibit more influence on the short-run growth of the budget than do Political Action Committees.

EFFECTS OF COUPLES' CHARACTERISTICS ON CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE GHANAIAN EXAMPLE

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAW OHENEBA-SAKYI ◽  
BAFFOUR K. TAKYI
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Using data from the 1988 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, this study examines couples' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in the context of their attitudes towards family planning, and the impact of these factors on the use of contraceptives. The characteristics of the husbands and their influence on wives' behaviour illustrate the role of intra-household relations between men and women and their effect on fertility-related behaviour in patriarchal African societies.

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