scholarly journals The State-of-the-Art of Dating Techniques Applied to Ancient Mortars and Binders: A Review

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Urbanová ◽  
Elisabetta Boaretto ◽  
Gilberto Artioli
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Osl Dating ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Carbonate Materials

ABSTRACTThe most recent workshop on mortar dating (25–27 Oct. 2018, Bordeaux, Montaigne University, France), which closely followed the publication of an extensive round robin-exercise involving several laboratories, was an opportunity to review the history and challenges of mortar dating methods and procedures currently in use. This review stems from the keynote lectures presented at the meeting, and wishes to summarize recent results, present trends, and future challenges. Three major areas are brought into focus (1) radiocarbon (14C) dating of complex mortars: can we assess the chances of successful dating?, (2) 14C dating of archaeological carbonate materials: difficulties, new directions and applications, and (3) single grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of mortars in architectural archaeology: the current state of the art. This paper reflects the material presented by the authors and discussed at the workshop.

Comment on: Inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis: A critical review of the state-of-the art, prospects, and future challenges

Bone ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 28-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Litwic ◽  
C. Parsons ◽  
M.H. Edwards ◽  
D. Jagannath ◽  
C. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Challenges

scholarly journals Fluorescent Chemosensors for Ion and Molecule Recognition: The Next Chapter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Cheng Yan ◽  
Axel Steinbrueck ◽  
Adam C. Sedgwick ◽  
Tony D. James
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fluorescent Chemosensors ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Molecule Recognition

Over the past 30 years fluorescent chemosensors have evolved to incorporate many optical-based modalities and strategies. In this perspective we seek to highlight the current state of the art as well as provide our viewpoint on the most significant future challenges remaining in the area. To underscore current trends in the field and to facilitate understanding of the area, we provide the reader with appropriate contemporary examples. We then conclude with our thoughts on the most probable directions that chemosensor development will take in the not-too-distant future.

scholarly journals Towards an improvement of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age uncertainties: modelling OSL ages with systematic errors, stratigraphic constraints and radiocarbon ages using the R package BayLum

Geochronology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-245
Author(s):  
Guillaume Guérin ◽  
Christelle Lahaye ◽  
Maryam Heydari ◽  
Martin Autzen ◽  
Jan-Pieter Buylaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
R Package ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Covariance Matrices ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Osl Dating ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Determination Procedure ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties ◽  
Osl Age

Abstract. Statistical analysis has become increasingly important in optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating since it has become possible to measure signals at the single-grain scale. The accuracy of large chronological datasets can benefit from the inclusion, in chronological modelling, of stratigraphic constraints and shared systematic errors. Recently, a number of Bayesian models have been developed for OSL age calculation; the R package “BayLum” presented herein allows different models of this type to be implemented, particularly for samples in stratigraphic order which share systematic errors. We first show how to introduce stratigraphic constraints in BayLum; then, we focus on the construction, based on measurement uncertainties, of dose covariance matrices to account for systematic errors specific to OSL dating. The nature (systematic versus random) of errors affecting OSL ages is discussed, based – as an example – on the dose rate determination procedure at the IRAMAT-CRP2A laboratory (Bordeaux). The effects of the stratigraphic constraints and dose covariance matrices are illustrated on example datasets. In particular, the benefit of combining the modelling of systematic errors with independent ages, unaffected by these errors, is demonstrated. Finally, we discuss other common ways of estimating dose rates and how they may be taken into account in the covariance matrix by other potential users and laboratories. Test datasets are provided as a Supplement to the reader, together with an R markdown tutorial allowing the reproduction of all calculations and figures presented in this study.

scholarly journals Clinical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy: state of play and future challenges

The Analyst ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 1735-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Baker ◽  
Hugh J. Byrne ◽  
John Chalmers ◽  
Peter Gardner ◽  
Royston Goodacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The State ◽  
Infrared And Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Future Challenges

This review examines the state-of-the-art of clinical applications of infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy, outstanding challenges, and progress towards translation.

Self-healing organic coatings based on microcapsules – A patent-based review

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Moreira Schlemper ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Pezzin
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The State ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Healing Agent

: Self-healing coatings are intended to increase long-term durability and reliability and can be enabled by the presence of microcapsules containing a self-healing agent capable of interacting with the matrix and regenerating the system. This review article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art, focusing on the patents published in the field of microcapsule-based self-healing organic coatings, since the early 2000’s. A discussion about coatings for corrosion protection and the different self-healing approaches and mechanisms are also addressed, as well as future challenges and expectations for this kind of coatings.

The nanotechnology revolution in Barcelona: innovation & creativity by universities

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteve Juanola-Feliu
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
New Directions ◽  
University Industry ◽  
Opening Up

Abstract This paper analyses the state of the art for nanotechnology in Barcelona, focussing on the scientific and economic challenges arising from nanotechnologies and the creative and innovative framework in Barcelona that could be used to meet them. Nanotechnology is an endless source of innovation and creativity at the intersection of medicine, biotechnology, engineering, physical sciences and information technology, and it is opening up new directions in R + D, knowledge management and technology transfer. Given the huge economic investment and cutting-edge research in the field of nanotechnology, a creatively managed and cooperation-based university industry is more in demand than ever before.

Industrial Electronics for Electric Transportation: Current State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 3021-3032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon S. Williamson ◽  
Akshay K. Rathore ◽  
Fariborz Musavi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges

scholarly journals Symbolic Melodic Similarity: State of the Art and Future Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Velardo ◽  
Mauro Vallati ◽  
Steven Jan
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Music Information Retrieval ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Retrieval Evaluation ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Music Information

Fostered by the introduction of the Music Information Retrieval Evaluation Exchange (MIREX) competition, the number of systems that calculate symbolic melodic similarity has recently increased considerably. To understand the state of the art, we provide a comparative analysis of existing algorithms. The analysis is based on eight criteria that help to characterize the systems, highlighting strengths and weaknesses. We also propose a taxonomy that classifies algorithms based on their approach. Both taxonomy and criteria are fruitfully exploited to provide input for new, forthcoming research in the area.

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