scholarly journals Notes from the Editor

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. iii-viii
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Election Cycle ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
William Hogarth ◽  
Tammany Hall ◽  
Electoral Corruption ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
American Cities

Is political science the real dismal discipline? One might think so, given the head-shaking, hand-wringing, and tut-tutting for which political scientists are responsible during every election cycle. Too few citizens, we lament, take the trouble to vote, and too many of those who do vote base their decisions on superficial or whimsical grounds. The unease we feel as professionals-cum-citizens over the distance between the noble idea of elections-in-theory and the sorry conduct of elections-in-practice has a long pedigree. In the first century A.D., Juvenal decried the tendency of imperial politicians to sweep serious policy issues under the rug by satiating the populace with panem et circenses. Colonial-era British politicians also courted votes with food and drink. The famous 1757 painting “Canvassing for Votes” by William Hogarth depicts vote-seekers gaining electoral support based upon their skills as genial hosts, not policy advocates. In many American cities, elections have long been notoriously corrupt, the classic case being New York's Tammany Hall and its ethos of “I seen my opportunities and I took ‘em.” Today, as fledgling democracies around the world are holding elections, they are experiencing many of the forms of electoral corruption and graft that have become so familiar in more established democracies, and undoubtedly they are devising some new forms as well.

How and Why the Populist Radical Right Persuades Citizens

2019 ◽  
pp. 813-837
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Ivarsflaten ◽  
Scott Blinder ◽  
Lise Bjånesøy
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Large Share ◽  
The Past ◽  
Populist Radical Right ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Party Family ◽  
Established Democracies

The “populist radical right” is a contested concept in scholarly work for good reason. This chapter begins by explaining that the political parties usually grouped together under this label are not a party family in a conventional sense and do not self-identify with this category. It goes on to show how political science scholarship has established that in Europe during the past thirty or so years we have seen the rise of a set of parties that share a common ideological feature—nativism. The nativist political parties experiencing most electoral support have combined their nativist agenda with some other legitimate ideological companion, which provides deniability—a shield against charges that the nativist agenda makes the parties and their supporters right-wing extremist and undemocratic. The chapter goes on to explain that in order to make progress on our understanding of how and why the populist radical right persuades citizens, we need to recognize: first, that nativism is the only necessary ingredient without which the populist radical right loses its force; and second, that nativism in contemporary established democracies has tended not to persuade a large share of voters without an ideological companion.

Race, Violence, and the City: Chicago’s Black Urbanity in Contemporary American Film and Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Izabella Kimak ◽  
Zbigniew Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Racial Violence ◽  
First Century ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Native Son ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Strong Resemblance ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City ◽  
Film And Literature

In this article we look at three recent films–Native Son (2019, dir. Rashid Johnson, based on Richard Wright’s 1940 novel), Widows (2018, dir. Steve McQueen, based on a 1983 TV series), and The Hate U Give (2018, dir. George Tillman Jr., based on a book by Angie Thomas)–by Black directors that showcase the interactions between Blacks and whites in an American urban milieu. We argue that the setting of two of these films–Native Son and Widows–in Chicago, with The Hate U Give being set in a fictional urban setting bearing a strong resemblance to the Windy City, serves to articulate the continuing racial divisions of American cities in the twenty-first century. The three films show that the fossilization of the divide between Black and white districts inevitably leads to outbreaks of racial violence.

scholarly journals Dietary guidelines to nourish humanity and the planet in the twenty-first century. A blueprint from Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 2311-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Monteiro ◽  
Geoffrey Cannon ◽  
Jean-Claude Moubarac ◽  
Ana Paula Bortoletto Martins ◽  
Carla Adriano Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
First Century ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Food And Drink

AbstractObjectiveTo present and discuss the dietary guidelines issued by the Brazilian government in 2014.DesignThe present paper describes the aims of the guidelines, their shaping principles and the approach used in the development of recommendations. The main recommendations are outlined, their significance for the cultural, socio-economic and environmental aspects of sustainability is discussed, and their application to other countries is considered.SettingBrazil in the twenty-first century.SubjectsAll people in Brazil, now and in future.ResultsThe food- and meal-based Brazilian Dietary Guidelines address dietary patterns as a whole and so are different from nutrient-based guidelines, even those with some recommendations on specific foods or food groups. The guidelines are based on explicit principles. They take mental and emotional well-being into account, as well as physical health and disease prevention. They identify diet as having cultural, socio-economic and environmental as well as biological and behavioural dimensions. They emphasize the benefits of dietary patterns based on a variety of natural or minimally processed foods, mostly plants, and freshly prepared meals eaten in company, for health, well-being and all relevant aspects of sustainability, as well as the multiple negative effects of ready-to-consume ultra-processed food and drink products.ConclusionsThe guidelines’ recommendations are designed to be sustainable personally, culturally, socially, economically and environmentally, and thus fit to face this century. They are for foods, meals and dietary patterns of types that are already established in Brazil, which can be adapted to suit the climate, terrain and customs of all countries.

scholarly journals KIRAN DESAI’S NOVEL, THE INHERITANCE OF LOSS, A RICH PROJECTION TO THE POSTCOLONIAL PANORAMA IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
MS. J. LAXMEE KANTAMMA
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
General Concept ◽  
First Century ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
The West ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
The Impact

The present paper aims to bring forth the perception of the world in the postcolonial period in Kiran Desai’s Award winning novel, The Inheritance of Loss. The euphoria of liberalization and celebration of globalization have been skillfully denuded by Kiran Desai in her work. She demonstrated that though the advancement of technology professed to create wealth and well-being in integrating the cultural diversities, the fact is that there is a darker side where innumerable people are deprived of their basic human rights. Desai’s motive in writing The Inheritance of loss was to look beyond the general concept of globalization. With her optimism Desai finds the other disordered side of global economy, which are less discussed. In the background of colonial neurosis and multiculturalism, Kiran Desai explores the impact of globalization expressed in terms of financial security in alien lands, racial discrimination, bitterness of immigration, complexity of the high society and disenchantment borrowed out of the opulence of the West in the post-colonial era.  

Germany: From Stable Coalition Camps to New Complexity

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-283
Author(s):  
Marc Debus ◽  
Holger Döring ◽  
Alejandro Ecker
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
First Century ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Coalition Politics ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This chapter aims at presenting the characteristics of cabinets in Germany, in particular for the cabinets formed since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The chapter covers two decades of coalition dynamics and an era that has led to significant changes in German politics in general and the German party system in particular. The electoral support for the two catch-all parties – Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) and Social Democrats (SPD) decreased in that time period, while the increased number of parliamentary parties and the increasing vote share for the smaller parties resulted in a more complex bargaining environment. We also discuss changes in the policy profiles of the parliamentary parties and how potential coalitions are discussed during election campaigns. The chapter provides first a brief overview on the institutional setting in which parties in Germany act and which influences the government-formation process, as well as the daily business of coalition governance. In a second step, we outline recent dynamics in the structure of the German party system. The final section summarizes the findings, considers if an overall trend in terms of changes in coalition governance exists in Germany, and discusses the impact of the parliamentary presence of a left- and a right-wing ‘pariah’ party—The Left and the Alternative for Germany—for coalition politics in Germany in the future.

The Past & Future of American Civil Rights

Daedalus ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Massey
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
First Century ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Past ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
American Society

Although American society will not become race-blind anytime soon, the meaning of race is changing, and processes of racial formation now are quite different than those prevailing just two generations ago. Massey puts the present moment in historical perspective by reviewing progress toward racial equality through successive historical epochs, from the colonial era to the age of Obama. He ends by exploring the contours of racial formation in the United States today, outlining a program for a new civil rights movement in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Cultural Pluralism in a Globalised World: Challenges to Peaceful Coexistence

ICR Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-531
Author(s):  
Osman Bakar
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Cultural Pluralism ◽  
First Century ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Impact

In the following paragraphs I would like to highlight the impact of globalization on cultural pluralism and then the issue of how the resulting cultural pluralism might in turn impact the future pattern of the world order. The thrust of my theme is on emphasising the need to better understand the meaning and implications of the changing face of cultural pluralism for our contemporary world. It is also to suggest what we need to do to effectively confront the major challenges posed by the cultural pluralism landscape of our early twenty-first century. In hammering home my points I will take Malaysia as an example, which itself was created out of the cultural pluralism unleashed by the European wave of globalisation during the colonial era. Malaysia is today a Muslim-majority country with a large non-Muslim population thanks largely to what I have termed as demographic globalisation. With all the major religions of the world each having a good number of followers in the country Malaysia is truly a multi-religious society. It is also a good example of a truly multi-ethnic country boasting of dozens of ethnic groups. For more than 50 years now Malaysia has been struggling to create a pluralistic and yet united modern nation out of its ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity. Its successes and failures are all there for everyone to see.  

Latin American Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-51
Author(s):  
Brandon P. Martinez ◽  
Alejandro Portes
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Urban System ◽  
First Century ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
American Cities

We summarize the history of Latin American urbanization with a focus on the evolution of cities from the colonial and post-colonial eras to the adoption of the import-substitution model of development and its subsequent replacement by a neoliberal adjustment model. Consequences for the urban system of both import-substitution and neoliberal policies are examined, with a focus on the evolution of the urban population and trends in several strategic areas. We examine indicators of unemployment and informal employment; poverty and inequality; and urban crime and victimization rates as they evolved from the import-substitution era to the implosion of the neoliberal model that replaced it in the early twenty-first century. The consequences for cities of the disastrous application of this model are summarized as a prelude to the analysis of more recent trends. Based on the latest statistical indicators available, we document a significant decline in unemployment and economic inequality in six Latin American nations that jointly comprise 80 percent of the population of the region. Employment in the informal sector also declined steadily, although it still comprises a large proportion of Latin American labor markets. Consequences of this situation for the citizenry and alternative government policies to address it are discussed.

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