scholarly journals Workplace Contact and Support for Anti-Immigration Parties

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
HENRIK ANDERSSON ◽  
SIRUS H. DEHDARI
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Cooperative Interactions ◽  
Negative Effect

How does an increased presence of immigrants in the workplace affect anti-immigration voting behavior? While cooperative interactions between natives and immigrants can reduce intergroup prejudice, immigrant coworkers might be regarded as a threat to native-born workers’ labor market position. We combine detailed Swedish workplace data with precinct-level election outcomes for a large anti-immigration party (the Sweden Democrats) to study how the share of non-Europeans in the workplace affects opposition to immigration. We show that the share of non-Europeans in the workplace has a negative effect on support for the Sweden Democrats and that this effect is solely driven by same-skill contact in small workplaces. We interpret these results as supporting the so-called contact hypothesis: that increased interactions with minorities can reduce opposition to immigration among native-born voters, which, in turn, leads to lower support for anti-immigration parties.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Long-Run Effects of the German Minimum Wage when Labor Markets are Frictional

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 351-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Braun ◽  
Roland Döhrn ◽  
Michael Krause ◽  
Martin Micheli ◽  
Torsten Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Search And Matching Frictions ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractThis paper analyzes the introduction of the German minimum wage in 2015 in a structural model geared to quantitatively assess its long-run economic effects. We first employ a simple neoclassic model where wages equal their marginal product, then extend this model to two sector economy, and finally introduce search and matching frictions. Even though all model variants remain highly stylized, they yield quantitative insights on the importance of different mechanisms and channels through which minimum wages affect outcomes in the long run. In this framework, the minimum wage has a strong negative effect on employment. When sectors are differently affected by the minimum wage, sectoral relative price changes play an important quantitative role. Other labor market policies and institutions are important for the transmission of minimum wage policy on labor market market outcomes.

How good is half a job? Part-time employment and job quality in the US

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-216
Author(s):  
Kenneth Hudson ◽  
Arne L. Kalleberg
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Time Part

In January 2018, about 17 percent of the workforce in the United States had a part-time job. Part-time employment increased between 1955 and the 1980s as large numbers of women entered the workforce. Since then it has fluctuated in response to rising and falling unemployment. The majority of part-time workers are between 24 and 60 and about two-thirds are women, who often divide their time between work and family. Like other forms of nonstandard work, part-time workers are more likely to have bad jobs, and they are more apt to live in families that are poor, even when controlling for a multitude of labor related variables. Although some part-time jobs offer health and retirement benefits and wages above the poverty threshold, most do not. Only a small share of part-time jobs-between 16 and 17 percent-are located in the primary labor market. When compared to whites, we find that blacks, Hispanic non-citizens, and persons of mixed-race descent are more likely to work part-time. Part-time workers in these groups are also more likely to have jobs in the secondary labor market. Finally, we find that as percentage of part-time workers in occupations increases, the negative effect on job quality associated with the percentage of women in an occupation is greatly reduced or disappear

scholarly journals Labor Divides, Informality, and Regulation: The Public Opinion on Labor Law in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Berens ◽  
Achim Kemmerling
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Using Data

While scholarship on the politics of labor market divides and labor law in Latin America has bloomed in recent years, this literature rarely looks at the role of public opinion. Using data on public attitudes towards labor law for 18 Latin American countries, we start filling this gap. We follow the literature on labor market divides to see how far those at the margins of the formal labor market differ in their opinions from the formally employed. We find that large segments of the people perceive labor law as protective for workers, but there are also important divides: Whereas formal sector workers indeed assess the protective function of labor law positively, informal sector workers are more sceptical. Moreover, we find feedback effects of labor law on these differences of opinion. We conclude with a discussion how these divides in attitudes also have political effects, especially on voting behavior.

scholarly journals Job Insecurity and the Willingness to Undertake Training: The Moderating Role of Perceived Employability

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahí Van Hootegem ◽  
Hans De Witte ◽  
Nele De Cuyper ◽  
Tinne Vander Elst
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Perceived Employability ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between job insecurity and the willingness to undertake training, accounting for perceived employability. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we hypothesize that job insecurity negatively relates to the willingness to participate in training to strengthen the internal and external labor market position and that perceived employability has a buffering effect on this relationship. The hypotheses were tested among 560 Belgian employees using structural equation modeling. The results did not provide support for the relationship between job insecurity and the willingness to undertake training to strengthen the position inside the organization. We did, contrary to expectations, find a significant positive relationship with the willingness to undertake training to strengthen the position outside the organization. Furthermore, the relationship between job insecurity and the willingness to undertake training to strengthen the external labor market position was weaker with increasing levels of perceived employability.

Unions and the Labor Market Status of White and Minority Youth

ILR Review ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J. Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Blacks And Whites

This paper presents data showing that unions have a very substantial effect on the wages of young union workers, particularly young blacks, but that they also have a negative effect on the wages of young blacks who are not unionized. The effects of unions on employment are negative for both groups and especially for blacks. In addition, the data indicate that young blacks within the labor force have union membership rates that are roughly comparable to those of young whites, but rates for young blacks are lower after accounting for differences in the rate of labor-force participation of young blacks and whites. Young blacks also continue to be underrepresented in strongly unionized crafts and in the construction industry, while being overrepresented in the weakly organized and low-wage service sector. These results suggest the need to improve further the access of blacks to unionized employment.

scholarly journals The Changing Labor Market Position of Canadian Immigrants

10.3386/w4672 ◽  
1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bloom ◽  
Gilles Grenier ◽  
Morley Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Canadian Immigrants

scholarly journals Inclusiveness of Parental-Leave Benefits in Twenty-One European Countries: Measuring Social and Gender Inequalities in Leave Eligibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Dobrotić ◽  
Sonja Blum
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Adult Worker ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
And Gender

Abstract This article analyzes eligibility for parental-leave benefits in twenty-one European countries. It distinguishes four ideal-type approaches to how leave-related benefits are granted (in-)dependent of parents’ labor market position: universal parenthood model, selective parenthood model, universal adult-worker model, and selective adult-worker model. An eligibility index is created to measure the inclusiveness of parental-leave benefits, alongside the degree of (de-)gendered entitlements. The importance of employment-based benefits and gender-sensitive policies increased between 2006 and 2017. Eligibility criteria remained stable, but due to labor market trends, such as increasing precariousness, fewer parents may fulfill the conditions for employment-based benefits.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND HUMAN JOBS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Chia-Hui Lu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Unskilled Labor ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) does influence human jobs but not necessarily in a negative way. Although labor force participation rates and firms’ job vacancies for human labor decline, the unemployment rate may be lower than that in an economy without AI. In an economy with heterogeneously skilled workers, the invention of AI usually has a negative effect on the skilled labor market but a positive effect on the unskilled labor market. The overall unemployment rate may decline as AI develops.

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