scholarly journals Gender, Candidate Emotional Expression, and Voter Reactions During Televised Debates

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
CONSTANTINE BOUSSALIS ◽  
TRAVIS G. COAN ◽  
MIRYA R. HOLMAN ◽  
STEFAN MÜLLER
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Role Congruity ◽  
Emotional Displays ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Facial Displays ◽  
Vocal Pitch ◽  
Candidate Characteristics ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
Continuous Responses ◽  
A Minor

Voters evaluate politicians not just by what they say, but also how they say it, via facial displays of emotions and vocal pitch. Candidate characteristics can shape how leaders use—and how voters react to—nonverbal cues. Drawing on role congruity expectations, we study how the use of and reactions to facial, vocal, and textual communication in political debates varies by candidate gender. Relying on full-length videos of four German federal election debates (2005–2017) and a minor party debate, we use video, audio, and text data to measure candidate facial displays of emotion, vocal pitch, and speech sentiment. Consistent with our expectations, Angela Merkel expresses less anger than her male opponents, but she is just as emotive in other respects. Combining these measures of emotional expression with continuous responses recorded by live audiences, we find that voters punish Merkel for anger displays and reward her happiness and general emotional displays.

scholarly journals Gender, Candidate Emotional Expression, and Voter Reactions During Televised Debates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine Boussalis ◽  
Travis Coan ◽  
Mirya Holman ◽  
Stefan Müller
Keyword(s):  
National Elections ◽  
Role Congruity ◽  
Emotional Displays ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Facial Displays ◽  
Vocal Pitch ◽  
Candidate Characteristics ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
Continuous Responses ◽  
A Minor

Voters evaluate politicians not just by what they say, but also how they say it, via facial displays of emotions and vocal pitch. Candidate characteristics can shape how leaders use – and how voters react to – nonverbal cues. Drawing on role congruity expectations, we focus on how gender shapes the use of and reactions to facial, voice, and textual communication in political debates. Using full-length debate videos from four German national elections (2005–2017) and a minor debate in 2017, we employ computer vision, machine learning, and text analysis to extract facial displays of emotion, vocal pitch, and speech sentiment. Consistent with our expectations, Angela Merkel expresses less anger and is less emotive than her male opponents. We combine second-by-second candidate emotions data with continuous responses recorded by live audiences. We find that voters punish Merkel for anger displays and reward her happiness and general emotional displays.

Do the Eyes Really Have It? Understanding Emotional Expression Through Facial Displays

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya S. Taylor ◽  
Tracy E. Costigan ◽  
Kathleen Perez-Lopez ◽  
Michele Toplitz
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Facial Displays

Socialization of children's emotion regulation in mother–child dyads: A developmental psychopathology perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIMBERLY L. SHIPMAN ◽  
JANICE ZEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Emotional Displays ◽  
Children's Emotion

This study investigated the socialization of children's emotion regulation in 25 physically maltreating and 25 nonmaltreating mother–child dyads. Maltreating mothers and their 6- to 12-year-old children were recruited from two parenting programs affiliated with Children's Protective Services with a control group matched on race, SES, child gender, and child age. Children and their mothers were interviewed individually about their (a) management of emotional expression, (b) strategies for coping with emotional arousal, and (c) anticipated consequences following emotional displays. Compared to controls, maltreated children expected less maternal support in response to their emotional displays, reported being less likely to display emotions to their mothers, and generated fewer effective coping strategies for anger. Maltreating mothers indicated less understanding of children's emotional displays and fewer effective strategies for helping children to cope with emotionally arousing situations than nonmaltreating mothers. Further, findings indicated that maternal socialization practices (e.g., providing support in response to children's emotional display, generating effective coping strategies for their child) mediate the relation between child maltreatment and children's regulation of emotional expression and emotional arousal. These findings suggest that children's emotion regulation strategies are influenced by their relationship with their social environment (e.g., physically maltreating, nonmaltreating) and that the experience of a physically maltreating relationship may interfere with children's emotional development.

Leibniz on Hobbes, Locke's Two Treatises and Sherlock's Case of Allegiance

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Jolley
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Christian Teaching ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Set Up ◽  
A Minor ◽  
German Court

Writers on Leibniz have frequently stressed the marked contrast in character between his metaphysics and his political theory. As a metaphysician Leibniz appears as a thinker of daring originality whose views have sometimes seemed to set up certain tensions with orthodox Christian teaching. In the field of political theory, however, we encounter a much more traditional and conservative figure. Writing in a post-Hobbesian period Leibniz is a determined opponent of any trend towards a secular analysis of political questions; yet, within a framework of conventional theological assumptions, he is quite as insistent as Hobbes that obligation is co-extensive with the ruler's ability to provide protection. In a large measure the conservatism of Leibniz's political views can be explained by reference to die external facts of his position. Occupying a semi-official post at the court of Hanover, Leibniz was dependent on the favour of his electoral patrons; his political writings tended to be occasional pieces composed with a view to promoting specific Hanoverian interests. Leibniz's experience of politics was thus confined to the world of a minor German court, and die narrowness of diis background placed him at a severe disadvantage for understanding the political debates of a country like England with quite different traditions.

scholarly journals Nonverbal Emotions While Disclosing Child Abuse: The Role of Interviewer Support

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755952110634
Author(s):  
Yael Karni-Visel ◽  
Irit Hershkowitz ◽  
Michael E. Lamb ◽  
Uri Blasbalg
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Forensic Interviews ◽  
Emotional Displays

Statements by alleged victims are important when child abuse is prosecuted; triers-of-fact often attend to nonverbal emotional expressions when evaluating those statements. This study examined the associations among interviewer supportiveness, children’s nonverbal emotions, and informativeness during 100 forensic interviews with alleged victims of child abuse. Raters coded the silent videotapes for children’s nonverbal emotional expressions while other raters coded the transcripts for interviewer support, children’s verbal emotions, and informativeness. Results showed that children’s nonverbal signals were more common than and preceded the verbal signs. Interviewer support was associated with children’s expressivity. When children expressed more nonverbal emotions, they were more responsive during the pre-substantive phases and more informative about the abuse. Nonverbal emotions partially mediated the association between support and informativeness. The findings underline the value of nonverbal emotional expression during forensic interviews and demonstrate how the interviewers’ supportive demeanor can facilitate children’s emotional displays and increase informativeness.

scholarly journals Different types of COVID-19 misinformation have different emotional valence on Twitter

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205395172110412
Author(s):  
Marina Charquero-Ballester ◽  
Jessica G Walter ◽  
Ida A Nissen ◽  
Anja Bechmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Random Subset ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Entire Dataset

The spreading of COVID-19 misinformation on social media could have severe consequences on people's behavior. In this paper, we investigated the emotional expression of misinformation related to the COVID-19 crisis on Twitter and whether emotional valence differed depending on the type of misinformation. We collected 17,463,220 English tweets with 76 COVID-19-related hashtags for March 2020. Using Google Fact Check Explorer API we identified 226 unique COVID-19 false stories for March 2020. These were clustered into six types of misinformation (cures, virus, vaccine, politics, conspiracy theories, and other). Applying the 226 classifiers to the Twitter sample we identified 690,004 tweets. Instead of running the sentiment on all tweets we manually coded a random subset of 100 tweets for each classifier to increase the validity, reducing the dataset to 2,097 tweets. We found that only a minor part of the entire dataset was related to misinformation. Also, misinformation in general does not lean towards a certain emotional valence. However, looking at comparisons of emotional valence for different types of misinformation uncovered that misinformation related to “virus” and “conspiracy” had a more negative valence than “cures,” “vaccine,” “politics,” and “other.” Knowing from existing studies that negative misinformation spreads faster, this demonstrates that filtering for misinformation type is fruitful and indicates that a focus on “virus” and “conspiracy” could be one strategy in combating misinformation. As emotional contexts affect misinformation spreading, the knowledge about emotional valence for different types of misinformation will help to better understand the spreading and consequences of misinformation.

scholarly journals Why Collaborative Robots Must Be Social (and even Emotional) Actors

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Fischer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Collaborative Robots ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Emotional Displays ◽  
Emotional Display

In this article, I address the question whether or not robots should be social actors and suggest that we do not have much choice but to construe collaborative robots as social actors. Social cues, including emotional displays, serve coordination functions in human interaction and therefore have to be used, even by robots, in order for long-term collaboration to succeed. While robots lack the experiential basis of emotional display, also in human interaction much emotional expression is part of conventional social practice; if robots are to participate in such social practices, they need to produce such signals as well. I conclude that if we aim to share our social spaces with robots, they better be social actors, which may even include the display of emotions. This finding is of empirical as well as philosophical relevance because it shifts the ethical discussion away from the question, how social collaborative robots should be, to the question, what kinds of human-robot collaborations we want.

Affect in Electoral Politics

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Glaser ◽  
Peter Salovey
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Emotional Displays ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Traditional Assumption ◽  
The Impact

Recent U.S. history provides vivid illustrations of the importance of politicians' emotional displays in subsequent judgments of them. Yet, a review of empirical research on the role of affect (emotion, mood, and evaluation) in electoral politics reveals little work that has focused on the impact of candidates' emotional expression on voters' preferences for them. A theoretical framework is proposed to identify psychological mechanisms by which a target's displays of emotion influence judgments of that target. Findings from the emerging literature on emotions and politics challenge the traditional assumption of political science that voters make decisions based solely on the cold consideration of nonaffectively charged information. The affect and politics literature, although somewhat unfocused and broad, represents an interdisciplinary domain of study that contributes to the understanding of both electoral politics and social interaction more generally.

scholarly journals Singing as Inter- and Intra-personal Communication

2018 ◽  
pp. 368-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham F. Welch ◽  
Costanza Preti
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Vocal Pitch ◽  
Pitch Contours ◽  
Musical Communication ◽  
Musical Elements

Human vocalization contains key essences of our musical development and fosters our earliest abilities to communicate musically. Speech melodies are the first linguistic elements experienced and mastered, and are indistinguishable from the melodic precursors of singing as essential elements in intra- and inter-personal musical communication. Singing as communication originates in vocal pitch contours whose musical intervals are exploited by caregivers in infant-directed speech to foster language development. Similar, but more explicit, features are evidenced in caregivers’ infant-directed singing, such as in lullabies and play songs. These basic musical elements of communication can be perceived in utero and underpin the infant’s subsequent vocalizations and musical behaviors. Additionally, the underlying integration of emotion with perception and cognition generates a network of linked vocal and emotional behaviors that are central to human communication. The chapter will examine the growing evidence for musical communication as integral to human vocalization and emotional expression.

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