Changes in body composition relative to weight and maturity of Australian Dorset Horn rams and wethers. 3. Fat partitioning

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Butterfield ◽  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
K. J. Reddacliff
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

ABSTRACTThe effect of castration on fat partitioning in mature animals and on the maturing patterns for fat depots relative to total body fat was examined using slaughter and dissection data from 20 Dorset Horn rams and 20 Dorset Horn wethers. Animals were slaughtered at 6 kg intervals from 18 kg live weight to maturity. Five rams and eight wethers were classified as mature.In the mature animals the partitioning of fat differed for the rams and wethers in that the rams had a lower proportion of subcutaneous fat, and higher proportion of intermuscular and mesenteric fat than the wethers. However, the proportions of total carcass dissectible fat (i.e. subcutaneous plus intermuscular fat) and of the total non-carcass depots (i.e. kidney plus channel fat, omental, scrotal and thoracic fat) did not significantly differ between rams and wethers.The maturity coefficients of individual fat depots of rams and wethers were not significantly different and six of the nine depots were average maturing relative to total body fat. The intermuscular and thoracic fat depots were early maturing (maturity coeffient q= 1·19, 2·26 respectively), and the omental depot was late maturing (q= 0·52).Comparison of the partitioning of fat in rams and wethers reflected the differences in the mature animals when made at either the mean weight or at the mean stage of maturity, as the maturing patterns of most depots were not greatly different from that of total fat.

The partition of body fat in British Friesian and Jersey steers

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Butler-Hogg ◽  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Total Body

ABSTRACTNinety-two British Friesians and 62 Jersey castrated male cattle were slaughtered serially in five age groups at 13, 89, 170, 339 and 507 days, and dissected fully into lean, bone, intermuscular fat, subcutaneous fat, perirenal-retroperitoneal fat (kidney knob and channel fat), omental fat and mesenteric fat. The aim was to investigate the partition of body fat in these dairy breeds and the role of the partition of fat in determining carcass value.Relative to live weight, Friesians had more lean, subcutaneous fat and carcass fat (subcutaneous and intermuscular) at most ages, and Jerseys had more kidney knob and channel fat, and intra-abdominal fat. Friesians had a higher killing-out proportion and lean:bone ratio, and thicker subcutaneous fat.The order of increasing relative growth of fat depots with total body fat as the independent variable was, for Friesians: intermuscular < mesenteric < kidney knob and channel fat < subcutaneous < omental. In Jerseys the order was: intermuscular < mesenteric < subcutaneous < kidney knob and channel fat < omental. There were only small breed differences in the distribution of subcutaneous fat between eight regions. t I is suggested that, between breeds, there is a physiological link between the capacity for milk-fat production and the partition of fat within the body, with relatively high milk-fat producers depositing proportionately more fat intra-abdominally.Since the timing of slaughter is often determined by level of external finish in beef production, the breed difference in the partition of fat, which caused Jerseys to have a higher proportion of kidney knob and channel fat, and intermuscular fat, at the same proportion of subcutaneous fat, would reduce carcass value in Jerseys compared with Friesians.

Carcass composition in four sheep breeds: the importance of type of breed and stage of maturity

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
H. J. H. MacFie ◽  
R. W. Pomeroy ◽  
D. J. Twinn
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Omental Fat ◽  
Mature Size

ABSTRACTIn order to investigate the effects of type of breed on carcass composition, an examination was made of 361 lambs from four breeds: Clun Forest and Colbred (termed ewe breeds); and Suffolk and Hampshire (termed ram breeds). The animals were in four carcass weight groups averaging 15, 17, 19 and 21 kg.Percentage subcutaneous fat was influenced more by carcass weight than by breed, whereas both carcass weight and breed had similar effects on percentage lean. At the mean carcass weight of 18 kg, Colbreds, the leanest breed, had a similar value for percentage lean (about 57 % of carcass tissue weight) to the carcasses over all breeds weighing 15 kg; and Cluns, the fattest breed, had a similar value (about 54%) to those weighing 21 kg. Since the ram breeds were intermediate in composition between the two ewe breeds there was no effect of type of breed on carcass composition. The breed differences were related to eventual mature size and to the stage of maturity at each carcass weight, as judged by body length and bone weight measurements. However, Colbreds were bigger and leaner than published estimates of their mature weight suggested. Humerus weight was a good predictor of lean or total fat weight, explaining 83 % ofvariation when used as a predictor along with carcass weight.Type of breed had a marked effect on internal fat deposition, the ewe breeds having heavier weights of both kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF) and caul fat (omental fat) than the ram breeds; and on the length oflimb bones, the ewe breeds having longer but thinner bones than the ram breeds. The order of the relative growth of the tissues and fat depots was: subcutaneous fat > caul fat > KKCF > intermuscular fat > lean > bone. Therefore, the internal fat depots were later maturing than intermuscular fat.The percentage of prime cuts in the carcass was not affected by carcass weight. Colbreds had significantly lower values than the other breeds. Suffolks had the lowest lean to bone ratio.

scholarly journals Relationships between fat depots and body condition score or tail fatness in the Rasa Aragonesa breed

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Teixeira ◽  
R. Delfa ◽  
F. Colomer-Rocher
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Fat Depot ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTThe relationships between body fat depots and body condition score (BCS) were determined in 52 adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes aged 10 (s.d. 2) years and ranging in BCS from 1·5 to 4·5. BCS of each ewe was assessed by three people, the repeatability within individuals being 90% and between individuals 80%. The ewes were weighed before slaughter. After slaughter the omental, mesenteric, kidney and pelvic fat were separated and weighed. The fat of the left side of the carcass was separated into subcutaneous and intermuscular depots. The relationship between live weight and BCS was semilogarithmic and those between fat depots and BCS were logarithmic. Regression analysis was also used to describe the relationships between the various fat depots and BCS or live weight. Of the variation in total fat weight, proportionately 0·90 was accounted for by variations in BCS, while 0·84 was accounted for by variations in live weight. For individual fat depots proportionately 0·86 to 0·90 of the variation was accounted for by variation in BCS and 0·69 to 0·79 by variation in live weight. BCS was a better predictor than live weight of the weight of both total body fat and the individual fat depots.A curvilinear regression between BCS and live weight showed that the increases in live weight for a unit change in BCS was 7, 10, 12 and 16 kg for each one point increase in BCS from 1 to 5 respectively.The tail fat depot (tail fatness score) was assessed in the same ewes by score on a three-point scale. Of the variation in the weight of individual fat depots, proportionately 0·79 to 0·86 was accounted for by variation in tail fatness score. Thus the tail fatness score could be used as an additional method of assessing body condition in the Aragonesa breed.

The growth of Clun and Southdown sheep: body composition and the partitioning of total body fat

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Butler-Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Omental Fat

ABSTRACTThe growth of Southdown and Clun lambs was studied over the period birth to 415 days of age.At birth, 50, 100, 150 and 200 days of age five lambs of each breed, and at 415 days three lambs of each breed, were slaughtered and their body composition determined by dissection.The relative growth of lean, bone and total body fat was not influenced by breed. At each age both Cluns and Southdowns had similar proportions of total body fat, and were considered to be at the same stage of maturity.There was a breed difference in fat partitioning, with the Clun depositing proportionately more of its total body fat intra-abdominally, compared with the Southdown. However, there was no significant effect of breed on the growth of individual fat depots relative to total fat. From earliest to latest the order of maturity was pericardial, intermuscular, perirenal-retroperitoneal, mesenteric, subcutaneous and lastly, omental fat.

A note on the use of a lumbar joint as a predictor of body fat depots in Aragonesa ewes with different body condition scores

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Delfa ◽  
A. Teixeira ◽  
F. Colomer-Rocher
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The lumbar joint, which is handled to assess body condition scores, was taken from 52 adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes with body condition scores between 1·5 and 4·5 and dissected into muscle, bone, subcutaneous and intermuscular fat. The subcutaneous fat in the lumbar joint was highly correlated with total fat in the body (r=0·97), confirming the value of this region for assessing body condition in Rasa Aragonesa ewes.

Dietary fat and adiposity: a dose-response relationship in adult male rats fed isocalorically

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. E546-E550 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Boozer ◽  
G. Schoenbach ◽  
R. L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

This study examined the effects of increasing levels of dietary fat fed isocalorically on body weight, body composition, and adipose distribution. Adult male rats were weight matched into four groups. One group that was fed a low-fat diet (12%) served as reference controls. The other three groups were fed diets of 24, 36, or 48% fat in amounts to equal the energy intake of the control group. After 6 wk, body weights of the four groups were not significantly different. Intrascapular brown fat did not differ between groups. Total body fat and adipose depot weights, however, increased in proportion to the level of fat in the diet. Total body fat and retroperitoneal and mesenteric depot weights of the 48% fat group were greater than controls (P < 0.05). Mesenteric fat in this group was also significantly increased over all other groups (P < 0.05). These results show that high-fat diets fed to adult animals cause increased body fat in the absence of significant changes in body weight and that mesenteric fat is increased disproportionately.

scholarly journals Relationship between dietary patterns, lifestyle habits and Total body fat composition among university students

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Hafizah W Jusof ◽  
Nuqman Mursyid Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Main Meal

The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide, leading to an increased risk of many serious illnesses, including diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. The changes of dietary patterns and lifestyle habits especially among young generation may contribute to this problem. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of dietary patterns and lifestyle habits on total body fat composition among UniKL RCMP students.The self-administered questionnaires were distributed among 71 students (42.3% male and 57.7% female) by convenience sampling method to identify their dietary pattern and lifestyle habits. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method was used to assess body fat composition. The results showed that most of the students (52.1%) consumed 2 meals daily, which contained carbohydrates, proteins, fatty foods, and beverages, but a low intake of fruits and vegetables. The majority of the students skipped breakfast and ate lunch as their main meal. For lifestyle habits, 77.5% of students preferred to do inactive activity during leisure time, while only 2.8% preferred to do exercise. The mean body fat percentage (% BF) for male students was 21.13 + 1.30, which is classified as high, while for females, the mean % BF was 26.71 + 1.25, which is classified as normal. The majority of the students did not practice healthy eating and lifestyle habits, and these factors may have contributed to the high body fat composition in male students. Therefore, the university is suggested to provide more programs such as good lifestyle habits and nutrition educations campaigns to increase awareness among the students.

Body fatness, insulin sensitivity and muscle oxygen supply in adolescents

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona E. ARROWSMITH ◽  
Julie WARD ◽  
Kieron ROONEY ◽  
Adamandia D. KRIKETOS ◽  
Louise A. BAUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Muscle Oxygen ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Muscle blood flow can be reduced in insulin-resistant states. The present study examined the importance of body fatness and insulin sensitivity as variables that may be associated with muscle oxygen supply. We studied 38 adolescents (22 males, 16 females; age 15.3–18.6 years; body mass index 17.7–34.7kg/m2) and used near-IR spectroscopy to measure the muscle re-oxygenation rate after ischaemic finger flexion exercise. Total body fat content was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and insulin sensitivity was assessed by homoeostasis model assessment. Regional lipid compartments were also assessed for potential associations with muscle oxygen supply. Abdominal adiposity (visceral and subcutaneous) was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and soleus intramyocellular lipid levels were determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Total body fat content (r = 0.67, P<0.001), abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.78, P<0.001), abdominal visceral fat area (r = 0.54, P<0.001) and intramyocellular lipid levels (r = 0.68, P<0.001) were significantly related to forearm re-oxygenation half-time. After adjusting for insulin sensitivity, both total body fat content (r = 0.395, P = 0.02) and abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.543, P = 0.001) remained positively associated with relatively reduced muscle oxygen supply in adolescent subjects. After adjusting for body fat content, abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0. 511, P = 0.002) was significantly associated with muscle oxygen supply. Thus muscle oxygen supply is associated with body fat content, and certain fat compartments may be more influential than others.

The partition of fat between depots and its distribution in the carcasses of water buffalo and Dutch Friesian cross-bred cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Y. Abdallah ◽  
Karima A. Shahin ◽  
M. G. A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Adjusted Means ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Posterior Anterior

SUMMARYDissection data from an experiment involving 12 buffalo, nine ♂Friesian × ♀Egyptian native Baladi (½ Friesian) and nine ♂ Friesian × ♀ ½ Friesian (¾ Friesian) bulls were used to examine the growth and partition of fat between depots and its distribution in different regions of the carcass.Growth of total dissectible carcass fat (TCF) and its component depots (subcutaneous (SCF); intermuscular (IMF); kidney knob and channel (KKCF)) and total offal fat (TOF) and its component depots (caul (CF); mesenteric (MF); heart (HF)) relative to total body fat (TBF = TCF + TOF) was examined.Relative to TBF, no significant differences in growth coefficients or adjusted means of TCF, TOF, carcass SCF and carcass KKCF were found between genotypes. Compared with ¾ Friesians, buffaloes had lower rates of deposition of CF and IMF, lower proportion of TBF deposited as MF and a greater proportion of HF.As dissected side fat (DSF) increased, the proportion of fat decreased in the distal hind limb and neck, increased in the abdominal wall and adjacent ventral part of the thoracic cavity and remained unchanged in the other carcass regions. Fat growth coefficients differed between genotype groups in all carcass regions except the distal hind limb, fore limb and thorax. A posterior-anterior decrease in growth impetus of fat from the loin (b < 1) towards the neck (b > 1) was traced in buffaloes while the growth coefficients within all dorsal cuts in cattle did not differ significantly from 1. Compared with cattle, buffaloes had more of the DSF occurring in the combined expensive cuts with higher SCF: IMF ratio only at the upper limits of fatness considered in the present work.It is argued that buffaloes relative to Friesian cross-breds have a beef-type fat partition and that characteristic changes in rates of increase in fat depots relative to empty-body weight and in fat in various regions relative to total fat could be related to the increase in Friesian blood.

Utilization of Exogenous Fat and Turnover Rate of Endogenous Fat in the Normal and Hypophysectomized Rat

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeRoy W. Matthews ◽  
Samuel Spector ◽  
Joy Lemm ◽  
Paul Olynyk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

The utilization of C14-labeled trilaurin and tripalmitin administered by both oral and intravenous routes and the turnover rate of total body fat was studied in normal and hypophysectomized rats. The hypophysectomized rats were found to utilize significantly more fat per millimole of CO2 expired than normal rats. This increased utilization of exogenous fat varied from 14 to 97% for the various fats and routes of administration and was found in both fasting and fed rats. The turnover rate of endogenous total body fat was found to be almost twice as rapid in the hypophysectomized rats with the half-life of total body fat 9.0 ± 1.33 days as compared to 14.9 ± 0.15 days in the normal rats. The fat content of the hypophysectomized rats was 11.12 gm/100 gm body weight compared to 8.29 gm/100 gm body weight in the control rats. When both of these factors are taken into consideration, the hypophysectomized rats are found to utilize 0.86 ± 0.13 gm of endogenous fat/100 gm body weight/ day and the normal rats only 0.38 ± 0.04 gm of endogenous fat/100 gm body weight/day. In the presence of this marked increase in total fat metabolism in the hypophysectomized rats, there is only a slight hyperlipemia, which may be accounted for by an increased serum cholesterol, a decreased fat content of the liver and an increased total body fat.

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