Sources of variation in yields and concentrations of milk solids in dairy cows

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Rook ◽  
W. J. Fisher ◽  
J. D. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractEighteen multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were offered grass silage ad libitum and 3,6 or 9 kg dry matter per day of concentrates. Triplicate milk samples were taken at each of two daily milkings over a 28-day period and analysed for fat protein and lactose concentration. Milk yield and fat concentration were more variable than protein and lactose concentrations both between animals and between days. Sampling variation was small for all component concentrations. The main source of variation for all traits was time of milking (morning or afternoon) followed by variation between cows and by day-to-day variation. There was little linear trend with time in the data due to cows being close to peak yield. There was no evidence of cyclical variation over time for any trait. Mean weekly or monthly yields and concentrations were better predicted using samples from four rather than from two consecutive milkings but there was no further advantage from using six samples.

Intake and Production Responses by Holstein-Friesian Cows to the Level and Pattern of Crude Protein Supplied in a Fixed Concentrate Diet given with Grass Silage ad Libitum

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 129-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aston ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
A.B. McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Friesian Cows

Recent trials with cows fed grass silage have shown significant increases in intake and in yields of milk and milk solids when the crude protein (CP) concentration in a supplementary concentrate was raised. Giving additional CP in the concentrate was a more effective strategy for improving yields of milk and milk protein than giving extra energy (Aston et al 1992). The objective of this trial was to examine the influence of changes to the amount and pattern of distribution of CP supplied in a fixed concentrate ration given with grass silage ad libitum.Fifty-five Holstein-Friesian cows in their second and subsequent lactations were given a standard diet for two weeks from calving and then were used in a continuous feeding trial from weeks 4 to 21. The cows received 5 kg of fresh concentrate daily containing 156 (LP), 245 (MP) or 338 (HP) g CP per kg dry matter (DM), MP comprised equal amounts of LP and HP. Concentrate carbohydrate sources were cereals and digestible fibre and CP was increased by a mixture of 3:1 soya:fish meals. Grass silage contained 253 g toluene DM/kg, 162 g CP/kg DM, D value in vivo 0.723, pH 3.7, fermentation acids 135 g/kg DM of which 0.85 was lactic acid and NH3-N 91 g/kg total N.

scholarly journals Endophyte toxins and performance of spring-calving dairy cows in Northland

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
M.B. Blackwell ◽  
R.G. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Group A ◽  
Lolitrem B ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Friesian Cows

An on-farm trial was carried out at Te Hana, in Northland, to measure milk production responses in 2 groups of 16 spring-calving, 3-year-old Holstein-Friesian cows maintained throughout the trial on pastures with or without the ryegrass endophyte toxins, ergovaline and lolitrem B. The trial began in October 1997, with second calving cows balanced for calving date and production worth. Milk volumes of all cows were recorded for 10 consecutive days each month followed by a herd test in which milk volume, protein, fat and lactose contents were determined from milk samples. There were no differences in milk volume or milk solids production in the October and November measurement periods. In December, the group grazing toxin-free (-Ev) pastures produced 24% more milk than the group grazing toxincontaining (+Ev) pastures. These differences increased progressively as the trial proceeded, until terminated in mid-April. Throughout the trial period the -Ev group produced 23% and 19% more milk and milk solids, respectively, than the +Ev group. A rise in levels of the endophyte toxins in ryegrass coincided with the start of differences in milking performance. A toxin-free maize based supplement was fed to both groups during the January to March period to maintain the trial when pasture growth was insufficient. A negative correlation was found between milk production of the +Ev group in January and the prevailing temperature and humidity conditions during the night. Keywords: endophyte toxins, ergovaline, lolitrem B, milk production, Neotyphodium, Northland, ryegrass

The relative importance of the amounts of energy and crude protein in the concentrate ration on intake and yields of milk constituents by autumn-calving Holstein-Friesian cows given grass silage ad libitum

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
K. Aston ◽  
J.D. Sutton ◽  
R.D. Baker ◽  
W.J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Constant Energy ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

The response in yields of milk constituents to increases in the amounts of standard dairy concentrate (SC, 200 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM) given to cows consuming grass silage ad libitum were reported recently (Aston et al 1991; Baker et al 1991). A change of level however adjusts the supply of both energy and CP. Previous work also showed .linear responses in silage intake and milk and milk protein yields when CP was increased in a fixed ration of concentrate of constant energy value. In this trial energy and CP levels were varied Independently. The objective was to separate the effects of energy on the performance of lactating cows from those of CP.

Effect of undegradable protein given for six weeks before calving on the performance of dairy cows in the subsequent lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 85-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

Previous studies (Moorby et al, 1994) have shown increased yields of protein and lactose in the subsequent lactation as a consequence of feeding additional undegradable dietary protein (UDP) and restricting energy intake during the dry period. This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of supplementary UDP in the dry period diet of Holstein-Friesian cows given unrestricted access to grass silage and 1.5 kg of barley per day.Sixty-one cows received diets based on ad libitum access to grass silage with either (a) 1.5 kg barley / day or (b) 1.0 kg barley and 0.5 kg Maize Gluten Meal / day. After calving, cows had ad libitum access to grass silage (Metabolisable Energy (ME)=11.3 MJ/kg DM; crude protein (CP)=181 g/kg DM) and received 5 kg/day of concentrates (ME=13.0 MJ/kg DM; CP=250g/kg DM).

Effects of replacing barley/soya with malt distillers grains (draff) in silage based complete diets for dairy cows

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
J J Hyslop ◽  
D J Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

In a previous experiment outlined at last year's conference (Hyslop and Roberts, 1988), it was demonstrated that replacement of a proprietary pelleted concentrate with malt distillers grains (draff), should be limited to 15% of total dry matter intake (DMI) when draff is offered in two feeds per day. However there is little evidence to validate such a limitation when draff is used as a concentrate replacement in complete diets. This experiment examined the effect of replacing barley/soya with draff plus additional minerals in silage based complete diets.In a cyclic changeover design experiment consisting of 4 three week periods, fifteen British Friesian cows in early lactation were offered five treatments. Cows were given ad libitum access to one of five complete diets based on grass silage (69 “D”). Draff plus additional minerals gradually replaced barley/soya at increasing rates in diets 0-4 respectively.

Voluntary feed intake in autumn calving continental x dairy suckler cows given a grass silage based diet ad libitum

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
B. A. Hedley ◽  
R. Keatinge ◽  
D. G. Chapple
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ad Libitum

An understanding of the dry matter intake (DMI) capacity of suckler cows is crucial to the provision of adequate nutrition during lactation. However, quantitative data on the likely feed intake patterns of modern continental x dairy suckler cow genotypes is scarce. The objective of the current experiment was to determine voluntary DMI in Simmental x Holstein/Friesian (SIM) and Belgian Blue x Holstein/Friesian (BB) autumn calving suckler cows offered a grass silage based diet ad libitum.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Simmental and Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows in Different Production Seasons

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Adamska ◽  
Jarosława Rutkowska ◽  
Wiesław Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Friesian Cows

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid (FA) profile of Simmental cow milk in relation to lipid intake in feeds and their composition, and to compare it with FA composition of milk from cows of Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) breed. To this end, 104 milk samples were collected from Simmental cows and 52 milk samples derived from PHF breed were taken over a 2-year period. The season significantly influenced both contents of lipid, dry matter and crude protein as well as FA content in lipids extracted from forages. Winter and autumn seasons were characterized by a significantly higher intake of lipids with forages resulting from the intake of fresh silages, compared with the other seasons when the animals were fed stored silages. This was reflected in the highest content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) c-9 t-11 C18:2 in milk from the autumn season. Compared with PHF, milk from Simmentals had a higher content of short-chain saturated FAs (SCSFAs) and was characterized by great differences in FA contents determined in the group of odd- and branched-chain FAs (OBCFAs). Milk from Simmental cows had the butyric acid C4:0 and iso C15:0 content of 4.99 and 1.20 g/100 g FA on average, respectively, which have been associated with benefits for human health.

Effect of undegradable protein given for six weeks before calving on the performance of dairy cows in the subsequent lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

Previous studies (Moorby et al, 1994) have shown increased yields of protein and lactose in the subsequent lactation as a consequence of feeding additional undegradable dietary protein (UDP) and restricting energy intake during the dry period. This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of supplementary UDP in the dry period diet of Holstein-Friesian cows given unrestricted access to grass silage and 1.5 kg of barley per day.Sixty-one cows received diets based on ad libitum access to grass silage with either (a) 1.5 kg barley / day or (b) 1.0 kg barley and 0.5 kg Maize Gluten Meal / day. After calving, cows had ad libitum access to grass silage (Metabolisable Energy (ME)=11.3 MJ/kg DM; crude protein (CP)=181 g/kg DM) and received 5 kg/day of concentrates (ME=13.0 MJ/kg DM; CP=250g/kg DM).

Effect of dry period treatment on endocrine profiles of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 208-208
Author(s):  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
N.F.G. Beck ◽  
M.S. Dhanoa ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Endocrine Profiles ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
Friesian Cows

The dry period nutrition of the dairy cow can significantly affect subsequent milk production. It has been suggested that part of this effect can be attributed to the animal's use of labile body protein in support of early lactation nutrient requirements. If this is so, then there may be endocrine changes to signal nutrient partitioning. This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of offering diets differing in protein content during the dry period on changes in the endocrine profiles of animals over that period and during the first 21 weeks of lactation.Forty-eight multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were offered one of three different dry period diets for 6 weeks before predicted calving (16 animals per treatment): A) grass silage only, B) a grass silagetoarley straw mix (60:40 on a dry matter basis), or C) grass silage plus 0.5 kg/d high protein maize gluten meal. Diets A, B and C differed in the amounts of protein supplied: medium, low and high respectively. After calving, all animals were offered the same diet of ad libitum grass silage and concentrates at a stepped fixed rate.

Milk nitrogen fractions in holstein-friesian cows as affected by amount and protein concentration of the concentrates

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 39-39
Author(s):  
J.D Sutton ◽  
D.E Beever ◽  
K. Aston ◽  
S.R. Daley
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogen Fractions ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

Recent experiments have shown consistent improvements in grass silage intake and milk yield by cows in response to increasing concentrations of crude protein (CP) in the concentrates. Such results have led to recommendations that a strategy for winter feeding of dairy cows should be based on relatively small amounts of high-protein concentrates with grass silage ad libitum. There is, however, little information about the possible effects of such a strategy on milk nitrogen fractions. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of two approaches to increasing the CP concentration of the concentrates on milk yield and composition, particularly nitrogen fractions.From calving, 44 muciparous Holstein-Friesian cows were given 3 weeks on a standard diet and then were allocated to one of five concentrate treatments with grass silage ad libitum from weeks 4 to 18 of lactation. Concentrates were formulated to contain 200, 300, 400 or 600g CP/kg DM (Table 1). The silage contained 312g DM/kg and, per kg DM, 483g neutral detergent fibre, 286g acid detergent fibre, 168g CP, 16lg lactic acid, 14g acetic acid and l.lg butyric acid. Ammonia-N was 69g/kg total N and pH was 3.9.

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