A note on the influence of Avoparcin on apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention in growing pigs

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ellis ◽  
M. Davies ◽  
P. A. Briggs ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTA metabolism trial was carried out to examine the influence of an antibiotic food additive (Avoparcin) on the apparent digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen retention in the growing pig. Two groups of pigs, comprising 12 castrates per group, were fed a barley-based diet (190g crude protein per kg dry matter) with or without the inclusion of the antibiotic (at a dietary concentration of 20 mg/kg). Addition of Avoparcin had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter or gross energy but resulted in a small increase in the apparent digestibility of nitrogen (0·012; P < 0·05). There was a corresponding improvement in nitrogen retention (0·051) but the difference was not statistically significant.

An evaluation of the micronization process for preparing cereals for the growing pig. 1. Effects on digestibility and nitrogen retention

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Gross Energy

SUMMARY1. In two experiments, each using three groups of six littermate castrated male pigs per group, the effects on cereal composition, apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention of micronizing barley and maize were studied.2. The process increased the dry matter (DM) content and in vitro starch availability and decreased the nitrogen content of both cereals. When maize was flaked (rolled) subsequent to the process the ether-extract content was markedly decreased.3. Nitrogen retention was not affected by the process but apparent digestibility of the DM, nitrogen and gross energy was improved. These effects were most marked when the process was followed by flaking, the improvements in such cases in digestible energy content over the unprocessed grain being 4·3% (P>0·05) for barley and 6·6% (P<0·05) for maize.4. Soaking the unprocessed and micronized and flaked cereals before feeding did not significantly affect the results.

A comparison of two contrasting types of grain sorghum in the diet of the growing pig

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Almond ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
G. P. Savage ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Subsequent Trial ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Sorghum Variety ◽  
Gross Energy

ABSTRACTA study was undertaken to compare the chemical composition of Texas No. 2 hybrid yellow sorghum with that of a traditional brown-seeded variety and also their digestibility and nitrogen retention in the growing pig. Dry matter, crude protein and gross energy contents and amino acid composition were similar in the two varieties but brown-seeded sorghum had a markedly higher tannin content. In diets containing 70% of either yellow or brown sorghum, N retention was marginally higher on the yellow sorghum diet and apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy was improved (0·07, 0·06 and 0·12 units respectively). The improvements in digestible energy and crude protein content of the yellow sorghum diet over the brown-seeded one were 10% and 6% respectively. In a subsequent trial 16 pigs were individually and scale-fed each of the diets over the live-weight range 28 to 81 kg. Growth rates and feed conversion ratios were better on the yellow sorghum diet (10%) but sorghum variety did not influence killing-out percentage, deposition of backfat or area of eye muscle in cross-section.

A note on the use of sorghum as a substitute for maize in a diet for growing pigs

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-445
Author(s):  
Paula M. A. A. Serra ◽  
O. E. R. Olivetra ◽  
T. H. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Gross Energy

ABSTRACTAn experiment was undertaken to examine the effect of using sorghum as a substitute for maize on digestibility and nitrogen retention in the growing pig. Two levels of sorghum, 200 and 400 g/kg, substituting for maize on a weight basis, were used. The chemical composition of control and test diets was similar. In the metabolism trial, digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude fibre, nitrogen and gross energy were significantly lower for the animals given the higher level of sorghum. In the feeding trial, no significant differences were recorded between the three groups in relation to food conversion ratio, daily live-weight gain, killing-out proportion and carcass quality. It is concluded that yellow sorghum may replace up to 400 g of maize per kg in diets for growing pigs without having detrimental effects on animal performance.

A note on the influence of micronization and polyethylene glycol on the nutritional value of brown sorghum for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Savage ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
P. A. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy

ABSTRACTMicronization followed by grinding of brown-seeded sorghum increased starch availability in vitro but had no effect on proximate composition of the grain. In diets containing 70% of sorghum in ground or micronized and ground form, apparent digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen and nitrogen retention by growing pigs were improved (2·5, 5·0 and 12·2% respectively). Addition to the diet of 0*2 g polyethylene glycol per g crude protein in the sorghum fraction produced similar effects. In the ground cereal diet inclusion of polyethylene glycol increased apparent digestibility of gross energy (3·8%) and improved metabolizable energy content by 5·5%, but i n the micronized and ground cereal diet the additive had no effect.

Nutritional evaluation of wheat 1. Effects of preparation on digestibility of dry matter, energy and nitrogen in pigs

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
L. R. Giles ◽  
A. R. Alimon ◽  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Plot Design

SUMMARY1. A split-plot design was used to study apparent digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen of a whole grain wheat diet and processed (hammermilled, rolled or hammermilled and then steam-pelleted) wheat diets by eight small (33·9 ± 0·1 kg) and eight large (70±1·7 kg) pigs. Metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention were also studied with the small pigs.2. The processed wheat diets were superior to the whole grain wheat diet in all the parameters measured.3. There were no significant differences between the performance of pigs given the differently processed wheat diets.4. Apparent digestibility of dietary components particularly in the whole wheat diet was significantly higher when diets were given to small pigs than when given to large pigs.

The Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Energy Value to Pigs of Plantains (Musa Sapientum Var. Paradisiaca Linn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The proximate and mineral constituents of six plantain forms, raw green plantain (RGP), cooked green plantain (CGP), raw ripe plantain (RRP), cooked ripe plantain (CRP), green plantain meal (GPM) and ripe plantain meal (RPM) were determined by chemical analysis. 24 large white barrows, weighing initially, between 40-45 kg., were used to study the apparent digestibility of nutrients, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (ME(n) and total digestible nutrients when the plantains served as the only source of nutrients. In a second experiment ME and ME(n) were measured for the plantain forms using 28 Large White barrows, with diets in which the plantains replaced 50% of maize in a basal diet. All the plantain forms had low fat, crude fibre and crude protein content but high in nitrogen-free extract, phosphorus, potassium and Iron. Identically high dry matter (D.M.) and nitrogen-free extract (N.F.E.) digestion coefficients were obtained for all the plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values. Digestion coefficients for crude protein (46.9, 53.6, 51.8, 34.3,-32.7 %), crude fibre, (46.6, 49.5, 58.7, 62.6, 56.9, 39.6 %), ether extract (55.9, 56.6, 66.9, 69.2, 54.7 and 34.6 %) for RGP, CGP, RRP, CRP, GPM and RPM respectively were considerably lower than for D.M. and N.F.E. The DE, ME ME(n) and TDN values were comparable for all plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values in most cases. The fresh green plantains and green plantain meals had slightly higher energy values than the ripe plantains, even though the nutrients in the ripe plantains were better digested than in the green forms. The results are discussed in relation to variations in the relative proportions of the simple and more complex carbohydrates during ripening.

Problems involved in the utilization of alkali-treated fibrous roughages 1. The effects of level of roughage and protein in the diet and neutralization of residual alkali

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Drori ◽  
Y. Folman
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Levels

ABSTRACTWheat straw treated with 35 g NaOH per kg was offered to male calves at three levels: 300 (A), 500 (B), and 700 (C) g/kg diet, in a metabolism trial and in a feeding trial. In the former the wheat straw was offered either neutralized with HC1 (N) or unneutralized (U), in six subtreatments (AN, BN, CN, AU, BU and CU) in a 3 × 2 factorial design to a total of 24 calves. Dry-matter intake per kg W0·73was 123, 108, 104, 122, 105 and 91 g/day, and the digestibility of the organic matter of the straw was 0·388, 0·616, 0·629, 0·385, 0·528 and 0·544 respectively. The apparent digestibility of the crude protein of the straw was negative. Nitrogen retention per kg W0·73was 0·91, 0·58, 0·52, 0·97, 0·57 and 0·50 g/day, respectively.In the feeding trial, unneutralized, NaOH-treated wheat straw was offered to a total of 84 calves for 100 days at the above three levels with two protein levels: standard, 120 g/kg (S) and high, 140 g/kg (H), in six subtreatments (AS, BS, CS, AH, BH and CH) in a 3 × 2 factorial design. The concentrates were pelleted. From day 101 to slaughter all the calves were offered one finishing diet.Level of protein had no effect on performance. Increasing the levels of straw in the first 100 days sharply reduced average daily gains; these were 1 074, 825 and 583 g, respectively. However, the respective average daily gains on the finishing diet were 1 131, 1 272 and 1 316 g, indicating a considerable amount of compensatory growth.

Growth and metabolism studies in growing pigs given diets containing a low glucosinolate rapeseed meal

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Rowan ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Growth Experiment ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Protein Rich

SUMMARYTwo growth and two metabolism experiments were made in which a low gluoosinate rapeseed meal (var. Tower; TRSM) was compared with soya-bean meal (SBM) as the sole protein-rich material in simple diets containing barley and a vitamin and mineral supplement only.In the first growth experiment 108 pigs were fed individually and restrictedly SBM and TRSM diets so that digestible energy (DE) and crude-protein intakes were similar. The DE used to promote a unit of growth or a unit of carcass weight was significantly less for the SBM, than for the TRSM, diet. In the second experiment 48 pigs were given, in groups of four, diets similar to those in Expt 1. There were no significant differences in growth rate or in serum thyroxine concentrations, but a significantly higher degree of thyroid hypertrophy was induced in pigs given the TRSM diet.The two metabolism experiments compared the same diets used in the first growth experiment. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, and retention of nitrogen relative to intake, were significantly greater for the SBM diet than for the two RSM diets. The addition of synthetic lysine to the TRSM diet significantly improved the apparent digestibility and retention of nitrogen. Pooled DE values (MJ/kg dry matter) calculated for SBM, TRSM and barley were 13·72 (S.E. 0·318), 13·97 (S.E. 0·211) and 14·01 (S.E. 0·080) respectively.

Determination of the optimum crude protein requirement of pigs in a tropical environment

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
M. J. Olomu ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels

SUMMARYFeeding trials were carried out at different times of the year to determine the optimum crude protein requirements of weaner and growing pigs, using principally the locally available ingredients. The animals used were 96 weaners and 113 growing pigs of the Large White and Landrace breeds of average initial weights of about 9 kg and 41 kg respectively. Test diets contained protein levels ranging from 12% to 24% on a dry-matter basis, and the pigs were mostly group-fed ad libitum except for one trial. Average daily gains, efficiency of feed utilization, apparent nitrogen retention and digestibility, and feed cost per kg of body gain were measured. In a humid tropical environment, such as Ibadan, the optimum crude protein requirement for weaner pigs from 9 kg to 34 kg live weight is between 22 % and 24 % of dry matter, while that for the fattening pigs from 41 kg to 82 kg live weight is between 18% and 21% of dry matter.

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