The Savoyard Cousins: A Comparison of the Careers and Relative Success of the Grandson (Grandison) and Champvent (Chavent) Families in England

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 148-178
Author(s):  
Michael Ray
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Royal Patronage ◽  
Relative Success ◽  
Rank One ◽  
Family Based

In the mid-thirteenth century members of two branches of a family based in Savoy came to England and, through royal service, they reached baronial rank. One family, the Grandsons, thoroughly embedded itself in England and its members are recalled even today while the other, the Champvents, lapsed into obscurity, the name disappearing from the records after 1410. To discover why, this article looks at the significance of royal service to the families, the amount of royal patronage they received, their marriage strategies, how they related to the localities into which they were implanted, the extent to which religious loyalties and family piety illustrated their attitudes and whether they cut their ties with their former home lands.

Bastard Feudalism and the Framing of Thirteenth-Century England

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Coss
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

In the introduction to his great work of 2005, Framing the Early Middle Ages, Chris Wickham urged not only the necessity of carefully framing our studies at the outset but also the importance of closely defining the words and concepts that we employ, the avoidance ‘cultural sollipsism’ wherever possible and the need to pay particular attention to continuities and discontinuities. Chris has, of course, followed these precepts on a vast scale. My aim in this chapter is a modest one. I aim to review the framing of thirteenth-century England in terms of two only of Chris’s themes: the aristocracy and the state—and even then primarily in terms of the relationship between the two. By the thirteenth century I mean a long thirteenth century stretching from the period of the Angevin reforms of the later twelfth century on the one hand to the early to mid-fourteenth on the other; the reasons for taking this span will, I hope, become clearer during the course of the chapter, but few would doubt that it has a validity.

Byzantine Scyphate Bronze coinage in Greece

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 42-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Fourth Crusade ◽  
Unusual Form

The Byzantine coinage in the twelfth century was of three kinds. There were gold nomismata, with a purchasing power which must have been a good deal greater than that of a present-day five-pound note, and also nomismata of ‘pale gold’—gold alloyed with silver—of lower value; at the other extreme there were bronze coins, smaller than a modern farthing, which were the coinage of the market-place; intermediate, but still of low value, there were coins about the size of a halfpenny, normally made of copper lightly washed with silver. The silvered bronze and the gold were not flat, as are most coins, but saucer-shaped. The reason for their unusual form is not known. Numismatists describe them as scyphate, and refer to the middle denomination in the later Byzantine system of coinage as Scyphate Bronze, to distinguish it from the petty bronze coinage. Scyphate Bronze was first struck under Alexius I (1081–1118). Substantive issues were made by John II (1118–43), and such coinage became extremely plentiful under Manuel I (1143–80) and his successors Isaac II (1185–95) and Alexius III (1195–1203). After the capture of Constantinople in the course of the Fourth Crusade, the successor-states to the Byzantine Empire at Nicaea, Salonica, and in Epirus continued to issue scyphate bronze coinage, although in much smaller quantities, until after the middle of the thirteenth century.

Merit by Proxy: The Biographies of the Dwarf Djeho and His Patron Tjaiharpta

1992 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Baines
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Royal Patronage ◽  
Figure Caption ◽  
Annotated Translation

The Thirtieth Dynasty biography and figure caption on the sarcophagus of the dwarf Djeho (Cairo CG 29307) and a passage from the sarcophagus of the high official Tjaiharpta (CG 29306) are presented in annotated translation. Djeho's longer text appears unique in being concerned more with the other-worldly destiny of another person, Tjaiharpta, than with Djeho himself. The two similar hard-stone sarcophagi were buried in a single tomb near the Sarapieion road at Saqqara, together with at least seven other people. The presentation of one person's merits through another is probably connected with Djeho's role in dancing at the mortuary ceremonies of the Apis and Mnevis bulls. Among other questions, the find raises issues of royal and non-royal patronage, of the location of tombs, the placing of biographies on sarcophagi, the use of intermediaries before the gods, and the implications of Tjaiharpta's partial deference to Djeho in relation to general conceptions of the person.

Hugh of St Victor, Dominicus Gundissalinus and the Place of the Mechanical Arts in Medieval Architectures of Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-318
Author(s):  
Alexander Fidora ◽  
Nicola Polloni
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The One ◽  
Mechanical Arts

This contribution engages with the problematic position of the mechanical arts within medieval systems of knowledge. Superseding the secondary position assigned to the mechanical arts in the Early Middle Ages, the solutions proposed by Hugh of St Victor and Gundissalinus were highly influential during the thirteenth century. While Hugh’s integration of the mechanical arts into his system of knowledge betrays their still ancillary position as regards consideration of the liberal arts, Gundissalinus’s theory proposes two main novelties. On the one hand, he sets the mechanical arts alongside alchemy and the arts of prognostication and magic. On the other, however, using the theory put forward by Avicenna, he subordinates these “natural sciences” to natural philosophy itself, thereby establishing a broader architecture of knowledge hierarchically ordered. Our contribution examines the implications of such developments and their reception afforded at Paris during the thirteenth century, emphasising the relevance that the solutions offered by Gundissalinus enjoyed in terms of the ensuing discussions concerning the structure of human knowledge.

Shahrazūrī on Suhrawardī’s Suspended Images

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. C. van Lit
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Technical Term

The chapter discusses how Shahrazūrī developed Suhrawardī’s ideas further. First, this thirteenth century thinker from presumably the border region of present day Iraq and Iran is introduced, paying especial attention to the intertextuality and chronology of his writings. The other sections discuss respectively how Shahrazūrī established his own interpretation, and what that interpretation exactly entails. The how-section details the move from technical term ‘suspended images’, which served an epistemological function, to the term ‘world of image’, which serves a cosmological function. The fact that his main argument is repeated four times in three different works attests to the importance of it for Shahrazūrī’s thinking. The what-section is divided into six topics: the name that Shahrazūrī gives for this world, the position he gives it within the cosmos, the topography of this world, the role it play for eschatology, and finally the assurance of its existence and attribution of the idea to ancient philosophy.

Moon Lake’s Orphans and “The Other Way to Live”

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
Jean C. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Child Welfare Policy ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Rank One ◽  
Poor Children ◽  
Moon Lake

This essay examines the roles the character Easter in “Moon Lake” plays in the context of early-twentieth-century debates about the roots of poverty and society’s level of responsibility to poor children. By placing the focus of the story not on Easter but on the genteel Morgana girls’ shifting attitudes about her, Welty illustrates the ways child welfare policy was shaped by conflicting attitudes, whereby sympathy for innocent children coexisted with scorn for their parents. Assuming that Easter lives outside the boundaries that mark their own places in Morgana’s gendered, class-bound, and racially-segregated society, Jinny Love Stark and Nina Carmichael imagine the “orphan” to embody a womanhood untethered by race or rank, one, perhaps, more representative of American democracy. Ultimately, though, the girls come to see that Easter’s status as an orphan makes her more marked by and vulnerable to the violence and oppression that shape the South’s racial patriarchy.

Early Venetian Legislation Concerning Foreign Ambassadors

1965 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Queller
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The Other

Scattered among various series of registers preserved in the Archivio di Stato of Venice are found a considerable number of legislative acts dealing with ambassadors. A few of them are well known, some of those restricting the freedom of the doge in his relations with foreign ambassadors, for example, but most are completely unknown. Only one attempt, as far as I know, has been made to study and describe them, and that covered inadequately only the thirteenth century. Probably no study of Venetian legislation on ambassadors can succeed in being completely exhaustive, for there exists no easy way of discovering these acts. They must be sought singly and at random among the other records of the various governmental organs concerned with diplomacy.

Weavers into Heretics? The Social Organization of Early-Thirteenth-Century Catharism in Comparative Perspective

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-137
Author(s):  
Lutz Kaelber
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Middle Ages

How did a person become a heretic in the Middle Ages? Then, once the person was affiliated with a heretical group, how was the affiliation sustained? What social processes and mechanisms were involved that forged bonds among heretics strong enough, in some cases, for them to choose death rather than return to the bosom of the Church? Two competing accounts of what attracted people to medieval heresies have marked the extremes in historical explanations (Russell 1963): one is a materialist account elucidated by Marxist historians; the other one focuses on ideal factors, as proposed by the eminent historian Herbert Grundmann.

Testing the Self-Strengthening: The Chinese Army in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Fung
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Relative Success ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Litmus Test

On 25th July 1894, the Japanese navy sank the Chinese man-of-war Gaosheng without warning and thus officially started the Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895). The war was a culmination of the rivalries between the two countries for two decades. Japan, strengthened by its Meiji reforms, and still growing in power, wanted to extend its power within the Korean peninsula. China, on the other hand, was desperately clinging to its influence over its largest, oldest and last vassal. The was was watched with great interest by the European powers as a litmus test of the relative success of the modernization programs carried out by the two countries in the years before. Many observers expected a real fight to be at hand. But this was not to be. The Chinese army was thoroughly beaten in one battle after another: in Pingrang (September 1894), Lushun (November 1894), and Weihaiwei (February 1895). Meanwhile, the Chinese Beiyang Fleet was also heavily beaten by the Japanese navy in the Battle of the Yellow Sea (September 1894). By March 1895, Beijing had come under the Japanese threat. In April, the Chinese government was forced to sue for peace under humiliating terms.

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