Naval Activity in the Days of Solomon and Rameses III

Antiquity ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 21 (82) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hornell
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
The South ◽  
Southern Arabia ◽  
Water Borne

Ever since the beginning of recorded history, Ancient Egypt was dependent upon the goodwill of the Phoenician overlords of the mountain land of the Lebanon for supplies of timber in the long running lengths required for the construction of large ships, especially those intended for use on long voyages by sea ; fine timber was also in considerable demand for the making of the elaborate wooden sarcophagi of nobles and of members of the royal family as well as for furniture of superior quality. This lack of suitable native timber made the Egyptians late comers in sea-trading ; indeed, it restricted progress so seriously that their water-borne commerce was limited to traffic with Nubia and the South by way of the Nile waterway, to occasional expeditions down the Red Sea to Southern Arabia and to Somaliland (Punt) and to short coasting trips to Phoenicia to buy timber logs and to the coasts of the Sinai Peninsula in search of copper.

scholarly journals Nicolas Tourechot zwany Granger (około 1680 - 1737) i odkrywanie Górnego Egiptu

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 202-220
Author(s):  
Śliwa Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theban Necropolis

Nicolas Tourtechot Known as Granger (ca. 1680 - 1737) and The Discovery of Upper Egypt A French doctor, who travelled up of the Nile in the first half of 1731, wrote Relation du voyage fait en Égypte […], published in 1745 (soon his book was published in English and German). Tourtechot, during his transit to the south, noted and described several monuments. He realized that in Luxor and Karnak he was seeing the remains of the ancient Thebes, although he presumably never reached the west bank of the Nile, and the information referring to the Theban necropolis was drawn by him from indirect sources. He intended to go further to the south, but in Edfu local riots made him go back. In his report Tourtechot put Greek inscriptions which he had found in several places (Qus, Esna, Akhmim, Sheikh Abade); in the following years these inscriptions were included in specialist studies. Tourtechot’s information about Coptic monasteries which he had visited during his voyage are also considered important (he managed to visit the monasteries of St. Anthony and St. Paul on the Red Sea, which were difficult to reach). He wrote a great deal about the details of everyday life, nature and customs. Dangerous moments and specific curiosities described by Tourtechot make his simple and unpretentious writing more vivid and appealing for the reader. Tourtechot’s work constitutes an important part in the history of studies on the art and topography of ancient Egypt.

An overview of the Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) of the Red Sea Farasan Archipelago (Saudi Arabia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCO STRUMIA ◽  
HASSAN DAWAH
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
New Records ◽  
Palaearctic Region ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Southern Arabia ◽  
Malaise Traps

A survey of the Chrysididae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of the Farasan Archipelago (Red Sea) was undertaken, mainly using Malaise traps and sweep nets from 2012 to 2017. Twenty-eight species belonging to eight genera were identified and recorded in this study (four of which are new records for the south-western Saudi Arabia). We have described four new species: (Hedychridium azizi sp. nov., Chrysis farasanensis sp. nov., Chrysis decolorata ssp. nov., Trichrysis flavicornis sp. nov.) A list of all species of Chrysididae recorded from the major Farasan Island is provided. The Chrysididae population of the Farasan Archipelago is composed mainly of species of South West Palaearctic Region. The presence of a few Afrotropical species is evidence of their expansion in the nearby Southern Arabia. Key word: Chrysididae, cuckoo wasp, Saudi Arabia, Jazan, Farasan Island, new species

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Federico De Romanis
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
South India ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The South ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Precious Stones

The epilogue summarizes what the two texts of the Muziris papyrus tell us about the pepper and ivory production of the ancient Cēra kingdom, South Indian commercial connections with the Ganges Valley, the logistics of the Red Sea–Alexandria transports, the complex relationships between the South India traders and the contractors of the Red Sea tax, and the assessment and payment of the import and export customs duties. It also looks at what the two texts do not mention—the part of pearls and precious stones in the South India trade of the mid-second century ad. Furthermore, a speculative estimate of the commercial venture final balance is attempted.

The Origin of the Ras Shamra Alphabet

1936 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Eric Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Common Source ◽  
The South ◽  
Ras Shamra

In 1931 the cuneiform alphabet of Ras Shamra was derived from the Sinaitic alphabet by M. Sprengling and A. T. Olmstead (The Alphabet: Its Rise and Development from the Sinaitic Inscriptions, Chicago); and in March, 1934, by E. Ebeling, apparently without knowledge of the work of Sprengling and Olmstead, from Babylonian cuneiform (Zur Enstehungsgeschichte des Keilschriftalphabets von Ras Schamra, Sitz.-Ber. d. Preuss. Akad. d. Wiss.). In June, 1934, J. G. Février, also independently of Sprengling and Olmstead, showed connections with South Semitic, suggesting that the South Semitic alphabet was for the most part derived from the Ras Shamra cuneiform or from a common source (Rev. des Éitudes sémitiques, pp. xiii–xvi). In the same month T. Gaster accepted the theory of Olmstead (Ancient Egypt, 1934, p. 34), and in July, 1935, defended in some detail the origin of the Ras Shamra alphabet from a derivative of the Sinaitic approximating to the Phœnician (PEF. Quarterly, 135 ff.).

Gobiid fishes of the genus Bryaninops from the Red Sea, with description of two new species and two new records

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3170 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOSHIYUKI SUZUKI ◽  
SERGEY V. BOGORODSKY ◽  
JOHN E. RANDALL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
New Records ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Gobiid Fish ◽  
Two New Species

Three species of the gobiid fish genus Bryaninops were previously known for the Red Sea: B. natans, B. ridens, and B.yongei. Two new species are described, B. discus, similar to B. loki, differing in coloration and in having dish-like insteadof cup-like pelvic fins in adults; and B. spongicolus, closely related to B. dianneae from Fiji, distinct in having shorterpelvic fins, a rounded instead of truncate caudal fin, and differences in life color. Bryaninops loki and B. tigris are reportedas first records for the Red Sea, the former from a specimen from Sudan and an underwater photo from the Sinai Peninsula, the latter from an underwater photo taken off Egypt.

ACCOUNTING AND REDISTRIBUTION: THE PALACE AND MORTUARY CULT IN THE MIDDLE KINGDOM, ANCIENT EGYPT

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ezzamel
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regular Flow ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This paper examines detailed historical material drawn from primary sources to explore the role of accounting practices in the functioning of several key stages of the redistributive economy of the Middle Kingdom, ancient Egypt. First, the paper attends to the role of accounting in securing a regular flow of commodities to the state, in the form of taxation in kind. The historical material suggests clearly that accounting practices played a crucial role in levying and collecting precise tax liabilities, and in monitoring the storing of commodities in state granaries and storehouses. The second level of analysis is concerned with the role of accounting in coordinating the outflow of commodities to consumption units focusing on two examples. The first relates to the role of accounting in the distribution of food provisions to members of the Royal family and palace dependents while on a journey; the second examines the role of accounting in the writing and execution of a series of contracts to promote the mortuary cult of a dead individual. In both cases, the paper argues that the accounting practices were linked strongly to the social, political and economic contexts within which these accounting practices functioned.

Egypt’s Old Kingdom in Contact with the World

2020 ◽  
pp. 397-458
Author(s):  
Pierre Tallet
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The World ◽  
Written Sources

Throughout the Old Kingdom period, the Egyptian state maintained close relations with all the regions surrounding the Nile valley. At the time when the pharaonic state launched monumental construction projects—notably the building of the gigantic pyramids of the Fourth Dynasty—the exploitation of mineral resources in the desert margins and in more distant areas was sharply accentuated. The establishment of harbors on the Red Sea shore served to reach the south of the Sinai peninsula for the exploitation of copper and turquoise, as well as to bring back aromatics and exotic products from the land of Punt in the Bab el-Mandab area. The need for labor to realize building projects and develop the Egyptian infrastructure, for example as required to control major trade routes, led to repeated military raids against Libya, Nubia, and the Levant. Drawing on archaeology and written sources, including the tomb autobiographies of state officials of the Sixth Dynasty, this chapter offers perspectives on the complex military and diplomatic activities that linked the Old Kingdom to the surrounding regions.

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