Egypt’s Old Kingdom in Contact with the World

2020 ◽  
pp. 397-458
Author(s):  
Pierre Tallet
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The World ◽  
Written Sources

Throughout the Old Kingdom period, the Egyptian state maintained close relations with all the regions surrounding the Nile valley. At the time when the pharaonic state launched monumental construction projects—notably the building of the gigantic pyramids of the Fourth Dynasty—the exploitation of mineral resources in the desert margins and in more distant areas was sharply accentuated. The establishment of harbors on the Red Sea shore served to reach the south of the Sinai peninsula for the exploitation of copper and turquoise, as well as to bring back aromatics and exotic products from the land of Punt in the Bab el-Mandab area. The need for labor to realize building projects and develop the Egyptian infrastructure, for example as required to control major trade routes, led to repeated military raids against Libya, Nubia, and the Levant. Drawing on archaeology and written sources, including the tomb autobiographies of state officials of the Sixth Dynasty, this chapter offers perspectives on the complex military and diplomatic activities that linked the Old Kingdom to the surrounding regions.

scholarly journals Factors Determining the Success of HSR Building Projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Elena M. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Scientific Result ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The article reviews the world experience in the construction and operation of high-speed railways in terms of factors that determine the success or failure of such projects. Since the construction of HSR is often considered as a part of national projects on a broader scale, it is proposed to use as criteria for success not only commercial indicators, but also various socio-economic effects arising from their implementation. The author classifies externalities that reflect the impact of HSR on the development of regions and cities and presents the results of foreign research on their quantitative and qualitative analysis. Special attention is paid to the experience of China, since this country significantly differs from the rest of the world in terms of development of high-speed rail traffic. In this regard, the largest amount of representative data that allows us to identify the success factors of HSR projects can be found for Chinese projects. The main scientific result of this article is a generalization of the existing experience of HSR construction projects and justification of the prospects for implementing such projects in the Russian Federation.

North-Eastern African Stone Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Leplongeon
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

Research on the North-Eastern African Stone Age is intrinsically linked to the study of human occupation along the Nile, which flows north through the now hyperarid eastern Sahara to meet the Mediterranean, forming a natural route toward the Sinai Peninsula. Since this is the only land bridge between Africa and Eurasia, the region is often referred to as a “corridor,” with the hypothesis that the Nile Valley may have repeatedly acted as a possible route used by hominins out of (and back into) Africa, guiding many research projects on the Stone Age of this region. However, past human occupation of North-Eastern Africa is far from restricted to the Nile Valley and includes evidence from areas that are now desert on either side of the Nile, as well as the Red Sea Mountains. Throughout the Pleistocene (2.58–0.01 Ma), the region was subject to climatic and environmental fluctuations that may have alternately rendered the desert habitable or the Nile Valley inhospitable for hominin settlement.

A Nabatean port on the Red Sea: note on the pottery finds from al-Qusayr (al-Wajh, Saudi Arabia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Durand
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
First Time

Al-Qusayr is located 40 km south of modern al-Wajh, roughly 7 km from the eastern Red Sea shore. This site is known since the mid-19th century, when the explorer R. Burton described it for the first time, in particular the remains of a monumental building so-called al-Qasr. In March 2016, a new survey of the site was undertaken by the al-‘Ula–al-Wajh Survey Project. This survey focused not only on al-Qasr but also on the surrounding site corresponding to the ancient settlement. A surface collection of pottery sherds revealed a striking combination of Mediterranean and Egyptian imports on one hand, and of Nabataean productions on the other hand. This material is particularly homogeneous on the chronological point of view, suggesting a rather limited occupation period for the site. Attesting contacts between Mediterranean merchants, Roman Egypt and the Nabataean kingdom, these new data allow a complete reassessment of the importance of this locality in the Red Sea trade routes during antiquity.

scholarly journals Looking into the future ten years later: big full containerships and their arrival to south American ports

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo J. Sánchez ◽  
Daniel E. Perrotti ◽  
Alejandra Gomez Paz Fort
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Nominal Capacity ◽  
Global Increase

AbstractSince 2006, when the Emma Maersk broke into the world of shipping, the growth in containership size has remained a continuous trend.For the last 14 years, since 2006, the enlargement of fullcontainerships size has remained a continuous trend since Emma Maersk broke into the world of shipping. This process - that also affected north-south trades - has crucial implications in the shipping business, particularly in the planning of ports and its services and related activities. This paper analyses the global increase in vessel size and forecasts larger vessels’ arrival to South American coasts. The paper analyses evidence since 2006 to understand the factors behind the trend for bigger ships (fleets between 18,000 and 24,000 TEU) and introduce a validated methodology for the prediction of the size of container ships. Experts presented a consensus vision in which factors associated with infrastructure, economics, technology, and the environment play a crucial role in driving the trend. Next, the paper presents a methodology for forecasting the size of containerships and applies it to Latin America’s trade. The models include two alternative thresholds for the dependent variables (1310 ft LOA and 18,000 TEU of nominal capacity) that are controlled by cascading effect (i.e., the size gap between Latin America and the world’s main trade routes), and the economic activity at the destination countries (represented by port activity). Finally, the conclusions highlight the forecast’s call to take action on infrastructure planning and investments, analyzing issues such as “economies of scale,” concentration, or entry barriers. Overall, the paper warns about the importance of efficient medium-term planning in the port industry to maximize its economic impact.

scholarly journals The Key Strategies to Implement Circular Economy in Building Projects—A Case Study of Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
H.-Ping Tserng ◽  
Cheng-Mo Chou ◽  
Yun-Tsui Chang
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
The World ◽  
Project Phases ◽  
Future Project

The building industry is blamed for consuming enormous natural resources and creating massive solid waste worldwide. In response to this, the concept of circular economy (CE) has gained much attention in the sector in recent years. Many pilot building projects that implemented CE concepts started to appear around the world, including Taiwan. However, compared with the pilot projects in the Netherlands, which are regarded as the pioneer ones by international society, many CE-related practices are not implemented in pilot cases in Taiwan. To assist future project stakeholders to recognize what the key CE-related practices are and how they could be implemented in their building projects in Taiwan, this study has conducted a series of case studies of Dutch and Taiwanese pilot projects and semi-structured interviews with key project stakeholders of Taiwanese pilot projects. Thirty key CE-related practices are identified via case studies, along with their related 5R principles (Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle) and project phases. Suggestion on CE-related practices, their 5R principles, project items, and phases to implement in building projects in Taiwan is also proposed while discussion on differences between two countries’ pilot projects is presented.

Talent Development in Emerging Economies Through Learning and Development Capacity Building

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machuma Helen Muyia ◽  
Caroline S. Wekullo ◽  
Fredrick M. Nafukho
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Development Capacity ◽  
The World

The Problem It has been argued correctly that of all the resources that nations are endowed with including physical resources such as land, gas, oil, mineral resources, and financial resources, the most durable resource is people. It is also a truism that regions endowed with large populations such as Brazil, China, and India are now emerging nations with very strong and growing economies. As the world of work changes globally, the demand for talent development is becoming one of the greatest opportunities for profit and nonprofit organizations in emerging economies such as Kenya. Africa with its young and educated population and its competition for talent poses both opportunities and challenges as the continent tries to address this critical component. Nowhere is this opportunity for talent development (TD) more urgent than in Kenya. The Solution Given the rising of Africa’s youth population and the need to develop talent in this region of the world, there is no easy or ready-made solution to guide human resource development (HRD) researchers and practitioners and policy makers in developing and optimally utilizing Africa’s best resource—its people. However, this article seeks to demonstrate how strategic planning and provision of quality education are the best form of intervention for TD in Africa. The fact that individuals have talent is not sufficient, hence the importance of developing talent through learning. Thus, learning requires well-designed quality education and training programs that can lead to people being open to new ideas and a disposition to question what people already know. This is even more seminal especially in the fast-changing technology-controlled workplace. The Stakeholders Human resource officers, learning and development officers, Directors of Human Resource Management, HRD researchers, HRD practitioners.

scholarly journals SUBCONTRACTOR SELECTION USING THE INTEGRATION OF THE AHP AND PROMRTHEE METHODS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1042-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gul POLAT
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Selection Problem ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Bid Price ◽  
Perform Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Complete Ranking ◽  
The Right

On many construction projects, especially building projects, 80–90% of the tasks are performed by subcontractors. Since the success of the project highly depends on the performances of the subcontractors, selecting the right subcontractor for the right job is critical. Main contractors generally tend to select the subcontractors that offer the lowest bid price. However, working with unqualified and insufficiently financed subcontractors may result in inefficiencies and failures. Thus, a combination of several compromising and conflicting criteria underpinning financial capacity and competencies of the subcontractors should be considered during the subcontractor selection process. This paper proposes an integrated decision approach, which employs analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) together, for the subcontractor selection problem. In the proposed approach, AHP is used to analyze the structure of the subcontractor selection problem and to determine the weights of the criteria, and PROMETHEE is employed to obtain complete ranking and perform sensitivity analysis by changing the weights of criteria. The proposed approach is applied to a problem of selecting the most appropriate subcontractor to be worked with in an international construction project. Company management found the proposed decision approach satisfactory and implementable in future subcontractor selection problems.

The Chronology of Sudanese Arabic Genealogical Tradition

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 325-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Spaulding
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Islamic Faith

Modern nationalisms first arose during the later eighteenth century around the wide periphery of the ancient heartland of western culture and gnawed their way inward during the course of the nineteenth century to the core, culminating in World War I, Each new nationalism generated an original “imagined community” of human beings, part of whose ideological cohesion derived from a sense of shared historical experience. Since the actual historical record would not necessarily satisfy this hunger, it was often found expedient to amend the past through acts of imagination aptly termed the “invention of tradition.”One of the many new “imagined communities” of the long nineteenth century took shape in the northern Nile-valley Sudan between the final disintegration of the old kingdom of Sinnar (irredeemable after the death of the strongman Muhammad Abu Likaylik in 1775) and the publication of Harold MacMichael's A History of the Arabs in the Sudan in 1922. The new national community born of the collapse of Sinnar, strongly committed to Arabic speech and Islamic faith, was tested by fire through foreign conquest and revolution, by profound socio-economic transformation, and by the challenges attendant on participation in an extended sub-imperialism that earned it hegemony—first cultural, and ultimately political—over all the diverse peoples of the modern Sudan.One important response of the nascent community to the trials of this difficult age was the invention of a new national historical tradition, according to which its members were descended via comparatively recent immigrants to the Sudan from eminent Arabs of Islamic antiquity.

Labor Acquisition and Social Conflict on the Colombian Frontier, 1850–1936

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine LeGrand
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
The World

Exporters of raw materials under Iberian rule, the nations of Latin America continued to perform a similar role in the world economy after Independence. In the nineteenth century, however, a significant shift occurred in the kind of materials exported. Whereas in colonial times the great wealth of Latin America lay in her mineral resources, particularly silver and gold, aster 1850 agricultural production for foreign markets took on larger importance. The export of foodstuffs was not a new phenomenon, but in the nineteenth century the growth in consumer demand in the industrializing nations and the developing revolution in. transport much enhanced the incentives for Latin Americans who would produce coffee, wheat, cattle, or bananas for overseas markets.

scholarly journals Pet cats at the Early Roman Red Sea port of Berenike, Egypt

Antiquity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (354) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Osypińska
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Funerary Practices

The burial of animals is attested in Egypt from the pre-Dynastic period through to Roman times. This phenomenon is observed across different animal species and involves varied funerary practices, although mummification is the most significant. Against this background, a series of burials of small animals, under excavation since 2011 at Berenike, suggests a unique example of pet-keeping rather than the religious or magical deposits found in the Nile Valley.

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