Generation and the Origin of Species (1837–1937): A Historiographical Suggestion

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Hodge

Bernard Norton's friends in the history of science have had many reasons for commemorating, with admiration and affection, not only his research and teaching but no less his conversation and his company. One of his most estimable traits was his refusal to beat about the bush in raising the questions he thought worthwhile pursuing. I still remember discoursing at Pittsburgh on Darwin's route to his theory of natural selection, and being asked at the end by Bernard what were Darwin's views on heredity. I answered with the conventional waffle to the effect that the theory concerned the populational fate rather than the individual production and transmission of heritable variation, so that whatever views Darwin had on heredity had only a subsidiary place in his theorizing. Bernard was not fooled. ‘I would have thought’, he said, ‘that in order to understand anyone's theorising about evolution it would be necessary to look at his views on heredity’.

Author(s):  
James Aaron Green

Abstract In Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man (1863), Charles Lyell appraised the distinct contribution made by his protégé, Charles Darwin (On the Origin of Species (1859)), to evolutionary theory: ‘Progression … is not a necessary accompaniment of variation and natural selection [… Darwin’s theory accounts] equally well for what is called degradation, or a retrogressive movement towards a simple structure’. In Rhoda Broughton’s first novel, Not Wisely, but Too Well (1867), written contemporaneously with Lyell’s book, the Crystal Palace at Sydenham prompts precisely this sort of Darwinian ambivalence to progress; but whether British civilization ‘advance[s] or retreat[s]’, her narrator adds that this prophesized state ‘will not be in our days’ – its realization exceeds the single lifespan. This article argues that Not Wisely, but Too Well is attentive to the irreconcilability of Darwinism to the Victorian ‘idea of progress’: Broughton’s novel, distinctly from its peers, raises the retrogressive and nihilistic potentials of Darwin’s theory and purposes them to reflect on the status of the individual in mid-century Britain.


2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (s1) ◽  
pp. 371-373
Author(s):  
hans-werner schütt

galileo galilei is one of the few figures in the history of science who has attracted the imagination even of laymen to the natural sciences. the battle of this great physicist against the domination of his church, a battle which he ultimately lost, manifests fundamental human interest that extends beyond the individual. galileo pits the right of the thinking individual against the right of an institution that defends its claim to set norms for individual thinking because it posseses superhuman truths.


Nuncius ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-260
Author(s):  
CARLO CASTELLANI

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The author has transcribed the most important manuscripts containing the laboratory notebooks of biological interest of L. Spallanzani. Here we show their importance, content and structure by means of a series of tables which give the location, dates of writing and subject matter of the individual manuscripts (which are kept at the A. Panizzi library in Reggio Emilia). An edition of these manuscripts has been transferred to floppy disc and entrusted to the Florence History of Science Museum. In this article we present the criteria which were followed in the preparation of this edition which can be consulted, after complying with the necessary formalities, at the library itself.


2019 ◽  
pp. 139-164
Author(s):  
Romuald Grzybowski

In 2009, the Faculty of the History of Science, Learning and Education, operating within the structures of the Institute of Pedagogics at Gdańsk University, will celebrate 50th anniversary of its existence. The beginnings of the Faculty and the fust years of its operation are inseparably connected with the Higher School of Pedagogics in Gdańsk, in which, in 1958 students were offered courses in pedagogics. Following these developments, a proper organizational framework was established, which was supposed to promote the development of such studies. One of the elements was the Department of History of Learning and Education, renamed - at the close of the 1960s - the Faculty of the History of Learning and Education. Since 1983 it is the Faculty of the History of Science, Learning and Education. The founder and first director of the Department, and later of the Faculty was Professor Kazimierz Kubik. Following him, it was Professor Klemens Trzebiatowski who headed the Faculty for three years. Professor Lech Mokrzecki was the subsequent director for over twenty years. Since 2005, Professor Romuald Grzybowski from Gdańsk University has been the head of the Faculty. Since the foundation of the Faculty, its employees have been conducting intensive scholarly research, originally limited to local or regional studies, and later comprising all Poland. Numerous book publications, papers and lectures delivered at scholarly conferences, form a material confirmation of intense scholarly activity by research and teaching staff of the Faculty. The scholarly conferences organized or co-organized by individual Faculty employees must be evaluated similarly. Another confirmation of the energy of the Faculty is participation of its employees in the process of education of the young ranks of scholars. The completion of ambitious tasks was possible due to such factors as stability of scholarly staff combined with their systematic replacement, good relationships between the Faculty’s employees, and, first of all, creative personality of successive directors of the Faculty. Owing to this creativity, the Faculty has not only survived, but develops intensively in all spheres of scholarly and didactic activity.


Author(s):  
Jun-Young Oh

The aims of this research are, (ⅰ) to consider Kuhn’s concept of how scientific revolution takes place based on individual elements or tenets of Nature of Science (NOS), and (ⅱ) to explore the inter-relationships within the individual elements or tenets of nature of science (NOS), based on the dimensions of scientific knowledge in science learning, this study suggests that instruction according to our Explicit Integrated NOS Map should include the tenets of NOS. The aspects of NOS that have been emphasized in recent science education reform documents disagree with the received views of common science. Additionally, it is valuable to introduce students at the primary level to some of the ideas developed by Kuhn. Key aspects of NOS are, in fact, good applications to the history of science through Kuhn’s philosophy. And it shows that these perspectives of the history of science are well applied to Einstein’s special theory of relativity. Therefore, an Explicit Integrated NOS Flow Map could be a promising means of understanding the NOS tenets and an explicit and reflective tool for science teachers to enhance scientific teaching and learning.


Author(s):  
Peter C. Kjærgaard

In the nineteenth century the idea of a ‘missing link’ connecting humans with the rest of the animal kingdom was eagerly embraced by professional scientists and popularizers. After the publication of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859, many tied the idea and subsequent search for a crucial piece of evidence to Darwin and his formulation of the theory of evolution by natural selection. This article demonstrates that the expression was widely used and that the framework for discussions about human's relation to the apes and gaps in the fossil record were well in place and widely debated long before Origin of Species became the standard reference for discussing human evolution. In the second half of the century the missing link gradually became the ultimate prize in palaeoanthropology and grew into one of the most powerful, celebrated and criticized icons of human evolution.


2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Öz Aydın

For many students, preconceived notions about Darwin are among the most significant obstacles in learning about the theory of evolution by natural selection. I present an activity designed to eliminate this obstacle and encourage empathizing with Darwin, utilizing the history-of-science approach. Through the activity, students’ negative thoughts about Darwin disappeared, Darwin’s position as a scientist came to the fore, students’ interest in evolution increased, and they started to discuss the theory within a scientific framework.


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