Objectivity, relativism, and the individual: a role for a post-Kuhnian history of science

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L Caneva
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals emil wohlwill, galileo and his battle for the copernican system

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (s1) ◽  
pp. 371-373
Author(s):  
hans-werner schütt
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Galileo Galilei ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
Great Physicist ◽  
Copernican System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

galileo galilei is one of the few figures in the history of science who has attracted the imagination even of laymen to the natural sciences. the battle of this great physicist against the domination of his church, a battle which he ultimately lost, manifests fundamental human interest that extends beyond the individual. galileo pits the right of the thinking individual against the right of an institution that defends its claim to set norms for individual thinking because it posseses superhuman truths.

Generation and the Origin of Species (1837–1937): A Historiographical Suggestion

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Bernard Norton's friends in the history of science have had many reasons for commemorating, with admiration and affection, not only his research and teaching but no less his conversation and his company. One of his most estimable traits was his refusal to beat about the bush in raising the questions he thought worthwhile pursuing. I still remember discoursing at Pittsburgh on Darwin's route to his theory of natural selection, and being asked at the end by Bernard what were Darwin's views on heredity. I answered with the conventional waffle to the effect that the theory concerned the populational fate rather than the individual production and transmission of heritable variation, so that whatever views Darwin had on heredity had only a subsidiary place in his theorizing. Bernard was not fooled. ‘I would have thought’, he said, ‘that in order to understand anyone's theorising about evolution it would be necessary to look at his views on heredity’.

UN'EDIZIONE COMPUTERIZZATA DI ALCUNI MANOSCRITTI DI LAZZARO SPALLANZANI

Nuncius ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-260
Author(s):  
CARLO CASTELLANI
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Reggio Emilia ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Floppy Disc ◽  
Biological Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The author has transcribed the most important manuscripts containing the laboratory notebooks of biological interest of L. Spallanzani. Here we show their importance, content and structure by means of a series of tables which give the location, dates of writing and subject matter of the individual manuscripts (which are kept at the A. Panizzi library in Reggio Emilia). An edition of these manuscripts has been transferred to floppy disc and entrusted to the Florence History of Science Museum. In this article we present the criteria which were followed in the preparation of this edition which can be consulted, after complying with the necessary formalities, at the library itself.

scholarly journals An Explicit and Integrated NOS Flow Map in Instruction of Nature of Science based on the History of Science.

2018 ◽  
pp. 646-655
Author(s):  
Jun-Young Oh
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Flow Map

The aims of this research are, (ⅰ) to consider Kuhn’s concept of how scientific revolution takes place based on individual elements or tenets of Nature of Science (NOS), and (ⅱ) to explore the inter-relationships within the individual elements or tenets of nature of science (NOS), based on the dimensions of scientific knowledge in science learning, this study suggests that instruction according to our Explicit Integrated NOS Map should include the tenets of NOS. The aspects of NOS that have been emphasized in recent science education reform documents disagree with the received views of common science. Additionally, it is valuable to introduce students at the primary level to some of the ideas developed by Kuhn. Key aspects of NOS are, in fact, good applications to the history of science through Kuhn’s philosophy. And it shows that these perspectives of the history of science are well applied to Einstein’s special theory of relativity. Therefore, an Explicit Integrated NOS Flow Map could be a promising means of understanding the NOS tenets and an explicit and reflective tool for science teachers to enhance scientific teaching and learning.

Bringing the human actors back on stage: the personal context of the Einstein–Bohr debate

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Context ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Individual

In concluding his ‘Autobiographical notes’, Albert Einstein explained that the purpose of his exposition was to ‘show the reader how the efforts of a life hang together and why they have led to expectations of a definite form’. Einstein's remarks tell of a coherence between personal ‘strivings and searchings’ and scientific activity, which has all but vanished in the midst of the current trend of social constructivism in history of science. As Nancy Nersessian recently pointed out, in the process of illuminating complex relationships between scientific activity and its social context, ‘socio-historical analysis has “black-boxed” the individual scientist’. Has the pendulum swung too far? In reaction to the preceding great-man hagiographie approach to the history of science, the social constructivists have largely ‘thrown the baby out with the bathwater’; consideration of individual scientists' personal approaches to science was unnecessarily expunged with the removal of ‘genius’ as an explanatory tool.

Synchronization from the point of view of the history of science

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-720
Author(s):  
Giampiero Bozzolato
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mode Of Production

Time as defined in the context of individual lives cannot be measured or compared; it therefore needs to be particularized through processes of synchronization and desynchronization. Subjectivity is a notion that supports temporal objectivity only if the mode of production is not based on a concept of exchange but on simple appropriation. Time as identified with the life of the individual remains incommensurable. But the history of growth in the spatial dimensions of trade and the reduction in the amount of time needed to effect commercial exchanges is integral to and consequent on the development of science as a method of forecasting and planning. As trade grows, so does the role of science, to the point where it can be seen as pivotal to a society in which the practice of trade is becoming both universal and frequent. The growth of trade was the cause and the effect of both a need to consolidate and develop an increasingly complex system of forecasting, and the requirement for a science with the capacity to make the future less unpredictable.

scholarly journals Transposição matricial de conflitos. Um contributo para a história da ciência no ensino

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 761-773
Author(s):  
Carlos Fortes Antunes ◽  
José Alberto Correia ◽  
Henrique Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Empirical Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Resumo A alternância dicotómica da história da ciência entre o género individual e o social tem dificultado a sua implementação no ensino. O conjunto de informações empíricas recolhidas num processo de investigação, ainda em curso, efetuado através de grupos de discussão focalizada e com base na conjugação da fenomenologia com a teoria fundamentada nos dados, permitiram identificar dinâmicas de conflitos em diferentes fases das transições, envolvendo a escola e o mundo do trabalho, de 66 indivíduos na região do Porto. A reinterpretação da informação empírica levou-nos a colocar o processo de desenvolvimento da história da ciência, lado a lado com o processo da mediação dos conflitos. A mediação transposta de conflitos que geraram o desenvolvimento do conhecimento pode contribuir para a implementação da história da ciência no ensino. Palavras-chave: mediação; conflito; matriz espaço-tempo; história Abstract Dichotomous switching of the history of science between the individual and the social gender have hampered its implementation in teaching. The set of empirical information collected in the process of investigation, still under way, conducted through focus groups and based on combination of phenomenology with grounded theory, enabled us to identify conflict dynamics at different stages of transitions, involving the school and the world of work, of 66 individuals in the region of Porto. The reinterpretation of the empirical information led us to place the development process of the history of science, alongside the process of mediation of conflicts. The transposed mediation of conflicts that generated the development of knowledge can contribute to the implementation of the history of science in teaching. Keywords: mediation; conflict; space-time matrix; history

Style as a Historical Category

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Otte
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Creative Subject

The ArgumentIn writing the history of science, the fluctuations between two meanings of the concept of style are of special interest: a simple or direct meaning of this concept referring to a means of expression and of presentation, and a philosophical interpretation of this term referring to “a world of objective spiritual order.” The last two chapters of this paper consider the perspective of the simple meaning of the concept, the first two chapters take the philosophical meaning as their starting point.The concept of style in its general epistemological meaning emerges within a conceptual space that becomes effective as a totality at the end of the eighteenth century and which is built up of further notions such as: individual, genius, expression, symbol, education, creativity, and others.The individual and, as believed, the nevertheless infinitely creative subject has taken the place that the concept of god had occupied within rationalism. But it is not only the subject as construction and will, but also the subject who reflected in a new way about the objective foundations of his conscience and tried to bring the object and the means of knowledge into a new relation.

scholarly journals An Explicit and Integrated NOS Flow Map in Instruction of Nature of Science based on the History of Science

2019 ◽  
pp. 935-944
Author(s):  
Jun-Young Oh
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Flow Map

The aims of this research are, (ⅰ) to consider Kuhn’s concept of how scientific revolution takes place based on individual elements or tenets of Nature of Science (NOS), and (ⅱ) to explore the inter-relationships within the individual elements or tenets of nature of science (NOS), based on the dimensions of scientific knowledge in science learning, this study suggests that instruction according to our Explicit Integrated NOS Map should include the tenets of NOS. The aspects of NOS that have been emphasized in recent science education reform documents disagree with the received views of common science. Additionally, it is valuable to introduce students at the primary level to some of the ideas developed by Kuhn. Key aspects of NOS are, in fact, good applications to the history of science through Kuhn’s philosophy. And it shows that these perspectives of the history of science are well applied to Einstein’s special theory of relativity. Therefore, an Explicit Integrated NOS Flow Map could be a promising means of understanding the NOS tenets and an explicit and reflective tool for science teachers to enhance scientific teaching and learning.

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