scholarly journals A polyphenol extract modifies quantity but not quality of liver fatty acid content in high-fat–high-sucrose diet-fed rats: possible implication of the sirtuin pathway

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1760-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Aoun ◽  
Francoise Michel ◽  
Gilles Fouret ◽  
Francois Casas ◽  
Melanie Jullien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Liver Fatty Acid ◽  
Amp Kinase ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Sucrose

High-fat or high-fat–high-sucrose diets are known to induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and this is emerging as one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. Some polyphenols have been reported to decrease rat hepatic lipid accumulation, in particular those extracted from red grapes such as resveratrol. The present study was designed to determine whether a polyphenol extract (PPE), from red grapes, modulates liver fatty acid composition and desaturase activity indexes in rats fed a high-fat–high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, and to explore whether sirtuin-1 deacetylase activation was implicated in the effect of the PPE against liver steatosis. The effect of this PPE on mitochondriogenesis and mitochondrial activity was also explored. The PPE decreased liver TAG content in HFHS+PPE diet-fed rats in comparison with HFHS diet-fed rats. The PPE had no effect on liver fatty acid composition, desaturase activity indexes and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene expression. Sirtuin-1 deacetylase protein expression was significantly increased with the PPE; AMP kinase protein expression was higher with the PPE in comparison with the HFHS rats, but no modification of phosphorylated AMP kinase was observed. Protein expression of phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase was decreased in HFHS rats and returned to basal values with the PPE. Finally, the PPE modulated PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) but did not modify mitochondriogenesis and mitochondrial activity. In conclusion, the PPE partially prevented the accumulation of TAG in the liver by regulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, a key enzyme in lipid metabolism, probably via sirtuin-1 deacetylase activation. However, the PPE had no effect on the qualitative composition of liver fatty acids.

scholarly journals A grape polyphenol extract modulates muscle membrane fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in high-fat–high-sucrose diet-fed rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Aoun ◽  
Francoise Michel ◽  
Gilles Fouret ◽  
Audrey Schlernitzauer ◽  
Vincent Ollendorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
High Sucrose

Accumulation of muscle TAG content and modification of muscle phospholipid fatty acid pattern may have an impact on lipid metabolism, increasing the risk of developing diabetes. Some polyphenols have been reported to modulate lipid metabolism, in particular those issued from red grapes. The present study was designed to determine whether a grape polyphenol extract (PPE) modulates skeletal muscle TAG content and phospholipid fatty acid composition in high-fat–high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-fed rats. Muscle plasmalemmal and mitochondrial fatty acid transporters, GLUT4 and lipid metabolism pathways were also explored. The PPE decreased muscle TAG content in HFHS/PPE diet-fed rats compared with HFHS diet-fed rats and induced higher proportions of n-3 PUFA in phospholipids. The PPE significantly up-regulated GLUT4 mRNA expression. Gene and protein expression of muscle fatty acid transporter cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) was increased in HFHS diet-fed rats but returned to control values in HFHS/PPE diet-fed rats. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 protein expression was decreased with the PPE. Mitochondrial β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase was increased in HFHS diet-fed rats and returned to control values with PPE supplementation. Lipogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial activity were not affected by the PPE. In conclusion, the PPE modulated membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition and decreased muscle TAG content in HFHS diet-fed rats. The PPE lowered CD36 gene and protein expression, probably decreasing fatty acid transport and lipid accumulation within skeletal muscle, and increased muscle GLUT4 expression. These effects of the PPE are in favour of a better insulin sensibility.

Effect of high fat and high sucrose feeding on lipogenesis by isolated rat intestinal cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Wilson ◽  
R. C. Goldstein ◽  
A. R. Conn ◽  
P. T. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Feeding ◽  
Sucrose Feeding ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
High Sucrose

Lipid synthesis was studied in intestinal mucosal cells isolated from rats fed a high fat or a high sucrose diet. The cells actively incorporated 14C(1)-labeled free fatty acids into glycerolipids([1-14C]acetate was utilized for both fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis), while [14C(U)]glucose label was found in cholesterol and in the glycerol moiety of glycerolipids, but not in fatty acids. Sucrose feeding resulted in increased acetate incorporation into cholesterol, but not into fatty acids while the high fat diet markedly depressed the incorporation of acetate. In contrast, fat feeding increased both glucose and fatty acid incorporation into glycerolipids, as well as glucose incorporation into cholesterol. Using the incorporation of glucose into lipid glycerol as an estimate of the phosphatidic acid pathway, it was found that this pathway was stimulated by both fat and carbohydrate feeding. The results suggest that differences in the regulation of cholesterol and glycerolipid synthesis in the intestine compared with adipose tissue and liver may relate to the role of intestine in synthesizing lipoproteins for lipid transport.

scholarly journals Liver Fatty Acid Composition and Inflammation in Mice Fed with High-Carbohydrate Diet or High-Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena da Silva-Santi ◽  
Marina Antunes ◽  
Silvana Caparroz-Assef ◽  
Fabiana Carbonera ◽  
Laureane Masi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Liver Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate

scholarly journals Effects of Distinct n-6 to n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Rations on Insulin Resistant and AD-like Phenotypes in High-Fat Diets-Fed APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Ma ◽  
Yujie Guo ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Shengqi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are two prevalent diseases with comparable pathophysiological features and genetic predisposition. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential in maintaining normal brain function. However, little is known about the impact of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on AD-like pathology, especially in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed AD model mice. Methods: In the present study, the APP/PS1 mice were treated with 60% HFD for 3.5 months to induced insulin resistance. After that, 45% HFD with different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios (n-6/n-3=1:1, 5:1 or 16:1) was applied for additional 3.5 months treatment. Following the dietary intervention, the behavior of mice was observed using the Water maze. Following behavioral testing, the animals were euthanized, and serum and tissue samples were collected for biochemical, histological and pathological analyses and evaluation. Cortical fatty acid profile was measured by gas chromatography. Western Blot and immunohistochemistry methods were used to detect protein expression of molecules related to AD pathology and insulin signaling pathway(s) in the brain sample tissues. Immunofluorescence assay was used to uncover the expression and migration of NF-κB in the cortex. qPCR method was applied to determine the gene expression of cortical pro-inflammatory cytokines.Results: HFD caused insulin resistance, increased serum IL-6 and TNF-α level, elevated cortical soluble Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 content, and increased brain n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio in APP/PS1 mice. Increased APP and BACE1 protein expression and p-IR/IR ratio, but decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression was observed in the cortex from 60% HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. N-3 PUFAs rich diet (n-6/n-3=1:1) relieved insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia induced by 60% HFD. Cortical soluble Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 contents, the expression of cortical APP, GLUT3, insulin metabolism related molecules, and NF-κB pathway downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines showed a dietary n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio-dependent way, indicating that dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio plays a critical role in modifying the responses of serum inflammatory cytokine, AD pathology, cortical n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio, insulin signaling and neuroinflammation to HFD treatment.Conclusion: Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio play an important role in modifying AD pathophysiology, insulin signaling pathway, and neuro-inflammation response to high fat diet treatment in brain.

High Glucose and Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene Ablation Differentially Impact Whole Body and Liver Phenotype in High‐Fat Pair‐Fed Mice

Lipids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-327
Author(s):  
Gregory G. Martin ◽  
Danilo Landrock ◽  
Avery L. McIntosh ◽  
Sherrelle Milligan ◽  
Kerstin K. Landrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Liver Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Gene Ablation ◽  
Binding Protein Gene

scholarly journals Maternal High-Fat-Diet Programs Rat Offspring Liver Fatty Acid Metabolism

Lipids ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Seet ◽  
Jennifer K. Yee ◽  
Juanita K. Jellyman ◽  
Guang Han ◽  
Michael G. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Liver Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Rat Offspring

scholarly journals A maternal high-fat, high-sucrose diet alters insulin sensitivity and expression of insulin signalling and lipid metabolism genes and proteins in male rat offspring: effect of folic acid supplementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 580-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace E. Cuthbert ◽  
Jerome E. Foster ◽  
D. Dan Ramdath
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Viral Oncogene Homolog

AbstractA maternal high-fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diet alters offspring glucose and lipid homoeostasis through unknown mechanisms and may be modulated by folic acid. We investigated the effect of a maternal HFS diet on glucose homoeostasis, expression of genes and proteins associated with insulin signalling and lipid metabolism and the effect of prenatal folic acid supplementation (HFS/F) in male rat offspring. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly fed control (CON), HFS or HFS/F diets. Offspring were weaned on CON; at postnatal day 70, fasting plasma insulin and glucose and liver and skeletal muscle gene and protein expression were measured. Treatment effects were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Maternal HFS diet induced higher fasting glucose in offspringv. HFS/F (P=0·027) and down-regulation (P<0·05) of genes coding for v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2, resistin and v-Raf-1 murine leukaemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Raf1) in offspring skeletal muscle and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acaca), fatty acid synthase and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunitβin offspring liver. Skeletal muscle neuropeptide Y and hepatic Kruppel-like factor 10 were up-regulated in HFSv. CON offspring (P<0·05). Compared with CON,AcacaandRaf1protein expression levels were significantly lower in HFS offspring. Maternal HFS induced higher homoeostasis model of assessment index of insulin resistancev. CON (P=0·030) and HFS/F was associated with higher insulin (P=0·016) and lower glucose (P=0·025). Maternal HFS diet alters offspring insulin sensitivity andde novohepatic lipogenesis via altered gene and protein expression, which appears to be potentiated by folate supplementation.

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