Phaseolus vulgaris extract affects glycometabolic and appetite control in healthy human subjects

Extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris (beans) are known to reduce glycaemia and food intake in rodents and humans. The present study evaluated the effects of a new, standardised and purified P. vulgaris extract (PVE), when employed as a supplement in a mixed balanced meal (60 % carbohydrates, 25 % lipids and 15 % protein), on glycometabolic and appetite control. To this end, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in twelve volunteers. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, ghrelin and satiety sensation ratings were assessed at baseline and during 3 h after meal consumption associated with PVE (100 mg) or placebo. Compared with placebo, PVE consumption resulted in lower increments in glucose (+15·4 (sem 5·4) v. 26·1 (sem 7·3) %, P= 0·04 at 30 min), insulin (+981 (sem 115) v. 1325 (sem 240) %, P= 0·04 between 45 and 120 min) and C-peptide (+350 (sem 27) v. 439 (sem 30) %, P= 0·04 between 30 and 90 min). In the first 2 h, plasma ghrelin decreased similarly in both groups but did not rebound as in placebo thereafter (P= 0·04). Correspondingly, satiety sensation in the third hour was significantly reduced in the placebo but not in the PVE condition. PVE induced a lower desire to eat than placebo (P= 0·02) over the 3 h. In conclusion, PVE supplementation reduced postprandial glucose, insulin and C-peptide excursions, suppressed ghrelin secretion and affected satiety sensations, inducing a lower desire to eat. These results support that further studies are needed to prove the concept of employing PVE as a supplement in mixed balanced meals in obese, glucose-intolerant and diabetic subjects.

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Effects of diazepam and levodopa single doses on motor cortex plasticity modulation in healthy human subjects: A TMS study

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh1202014i ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 140 (1-2) ◽

pp. 14-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nela Ilic ◽

Ivana Petronic ◽

Mirko Grajic ◽

Tihomir Ilic

Keyword(s):

Motor Cortex ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Cortical Reorganization ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Double Blind ◽

Human Motor Cortex ◽

Pharmacological Modulation ◽

Motor Cortex Plasticity

Introduction. Administration of pharmacological agents with specific actions on neurotransmitter systems is a powerful driver of functional cortical reorganization. Plastic reorganization of the motor cortex in humans studies by the use of non-invasive stimulation protocols, which mimic the Hebbian model of associative plasticity. Objective. Aiming to explore pharmacological modulation on human motor cortex plasticity, we tested healthy subjects after each dosage of diazepam, levodopa i placebo administration, using paired associative stimulation protocol (PAS) that induce fenomena similar to a long-term potentiation and depression, as defined on the synaptic level. Methods. We analyzed effects of benzodiazepines (10 mg), levodopa (200 mg) and placebo on PAS protocol in 14 healthy volunteers, using a double-blind placebo-controlled study design. PAS consisted of electrical stimuli pairs at n.medianus and magnetic pulses over the scalp (transcranial magnetic stimulation) in precisely defined intervals (ISI was 10 and 25 ms) for a total of about 15 minutes (200 pairs). MEP amplitudes before and after (0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes later) interventional protocols were compared. Results. When protocols were applied with placebo depending on ISI (10 ms - inhibitory, 25 ms - facilitatory effects), MEP amplitudes decreased or increased, while values in the postinterventional period (0, 10, 20 and 30 min) were compared with initial values before the use of SAS. The use of benzodiazepines caused the occlusion of LTP-like effect, in contrast to amplification effects recorded after the administration of levodopa. With respect to the LTD-like protocol, the reverse was true (ANOVA for repeat measurements p<0.001). Conclusion. Administration of GABA-ergic agonist diazepam interferes with the induction of associative plasticity in the motor cortex of healthy individuals, as opposed to the use of levodopa, which stimulates these processes. The observed effects point at a potential role of pharmacological modulation of plasticity in humans.

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Dietary Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid-rich Eggs on Serum Lipids in Healthy Human Subjects: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study.

Journal of Oleo Science ◽

10.5650/jos.52.109 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 109-119

Author(s):

Hiroyuki SHIMASAKI ◽

Eiji YAMASHITA ◽

Yukiko SHIMIZU ◽

Syuntaro ISE

Keyword(s):

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Double Blind ◽

Healthy Human Subjects

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Clinical evaluation of Emblica Officinalis Gatertn (Amla) in healthy human subjects: Health benefits and safety results from a randomized, double-blind, crossover placebo-controlled study

Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications ◽

10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 100499 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mahendra Parkash Kapoor ◽

Koji Suzuki ◽

Timm Derek ◽

Makoto Ozeki ◽

Tsutomu Okubo

Keyword(s):

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Emblica Officinalis ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Double Blind ◽

Healthy Human Subjects

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Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 Supplementation Improves Glycemic Control in Prediabetic Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2337

Author(s):

Mi-Ra Oh ◽

Hui-Yeon Jang ◽

Si-Yeon Lee ◽

Su-Jin Jung ◽

Soo-Wan Chae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Double Blind ◽

Single Strain ◽

Hba1c Levels

A recent animal study demonstrated that administration of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 isolated from Korean kimchi improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetic mice. In the present study, we evaluated Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01’s effects on metabolic parameters of prediabetic human subjects. Forty subjects with isolated impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to receive a daily placebo (n = 20) or a dose of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 (n = 20) over eight weeks. The primary endpoint was a change in 2 h postprandial glucose (2h-PPG) levels and the secondary endpoints were assessment of other glucose metabolism parameters, including HbA1c, gut microbiota composition, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The group with a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 saw a significant reduction in 2h-PPG and HbA1c levels compared to the placebo group. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, microbiota composition, and fecal SCFAs, however, were not significantly altered. No serious adverse effects were reported. This is the first clinical trial to show a beneficial effect of single-strain probiotic supplementation administered over eight weeks on HbA1c levels in prediabetic subjects.

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Evaluation of the Relative Available Energy of Cyclic Nigerosylnigerose (CNN) using breath hydrogen excretion in healthy humans

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1093/bbb/zbab066 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akiko Mizote ◽

Akiko Yasuda ◽

Chiyo Yoshizane ◽

Yuki Ishida ◽

Shoji Kakuta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brush Border Membrane ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Breath Hydrogen ◽

Double Blind ◽

Available Energy ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Cyclic Tetrasaccharide ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Cyclic nigerosylnigerose (CNN) is a cyclic tetrasaccharide with properties distinct from those of other conventional cyclodextrins. We investigated the relative available energy of CNN in healthy humans. CNN digestibility was determined using brush border membrane vesicles from the small intestines of rats. CNN was not hydrolyzed by rat intestinal enzymes. To investigate breath hydrogen excretion, thirteen human subjects were included in a double-blind cross-over, randomized, placebo-controlled study. The effects of CNN on hydrogen excretion were compared with those of a typical nondigestible, fermentable fructooligosaccharide (FOS). In the study participants, hydrogen excretion hardly increased upon CNN and was remarkably lower than for FOS. The available energy value was determined using the fermentability based on breath hydrogen excretion and was evaluated as 0 kcal/g for CNN. CNN was hardly metabolized and hence may be used as a low-energy dietary fiber.

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Selective effects of serotonergic psychoactive agents on gastrointestinal functions in health

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00266.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 284 (1) ◽

pp. G130-G137 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Heather J. Chial ◽

Michael Camilleri ◽

Duane Burton ◽

George Thomforde ◽

Kevin W. Olden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reuptake Inhibitor ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Gastric Volume ◽

Colonic Transit ◽

Selective Serotonin ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Double Blind ◽

Solid Meal ◽

Healthy Humans

This study evaluated the effects of serotonergic psychoactive agents on gastrointestinal functions in healthy human subjects. Participants received one of four regimens in a randomized, double-blind manner: buspirone, a 5-HT1Areceptor agonist (10 mg twice daily); paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (20 mg daily); venlafaxine-XR, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (75 mg daily); or placebo for 11 days. Physiological testing performed on days 8–11included scintigraphic assessment of gastrointestinal and colonic transit, the nutrient drink test, and assessment of the postprandial change in gastric volume. Fifty-one healthy adults (40 females, 11 males) participated in this study. No effects on gastric emptying or colonic transit were identified with any agent. Small bowel transit of a solid meal was accelerated by paroxetine. Buspirone decreased postprandial aggregate symptom and nausea scores. Venlafaxine-XR increased the postprandial change in gastric volume. Buspirone, paroxetine, and venlafaxine-XR affect upper gastrointestinal functions in healthy humans. These data support the need for clinical and physiological studies of these agents in functional gastrointestinal disorders.

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Acute peripheral tissue effects of ghrelin on interstitial levels of glucose, glycerol, and lactate: a microdialysis study in healthy human subjects

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00662.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 304 (12) ◽

pp. E1273-E1280 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Esben Thyssen Vestergaard ◽

Niels Møller ◽

Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Systemic Exposure ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Ghrelin Receptor ◽

Basal Period

Ghrelin is a gut-derived peptide and an endogenous ligand for the ghrelin receptor. Intravenous infusion of ghrelin induces insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and increases circulating levels of nonesterified free fatty acids. Our objective was to investigate whether the metabolic effects are mediated directly by ghrelin in skeletal muscle and adipose (peripheral and central) tissues. Ten healthy men (24.9 ± 1.3 yr) received 300 min of supraphysiological ghrelin administration by microdialysis catheters in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues in a randomized, single-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Microdialysis perfusates were analyzed every 30 min for glucose, glycerol, and lactate during both a basal period and a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. The primary outcome measures were interstitial concentrations of glucose, glycerol, and lactate in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. Interstitial concentrations of glucose were similar in skeletal muscle, peripheral, and central adipose tissue in the basal period. During hyperinsulinemia, interstitial concentrations of glucose in skeletal muscle decreased in response to ghrelin exposure [2.84 ± 0.25 (ghrelin) vs. 3.06 ± 0.26 mmol/l (placebo), P = 0.04]. Ghrelin exposure did not impact on interstitial concentrations of glycerol and lactate. We conclude that ghrelin administration into skeletal muscle decreases interstitial concentrations of glucose during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, which is indicative of increased insulin sensitivity without any effects on interstitial glycerol levels in either muscle or adipose tissue. These data contrast with the metabolic effects of ghrelin observed after systemic exposure and suggest the existence of a second messenger that remains to be identified.

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