scholarly journals Probiotics in human milk and probiotic supplementation in infant nutrition: a workshop report

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1119-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike Bergmann ◽  
Juan Miguel Rodríguez ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
Hania Szajewska
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Transfer To Milk

Probiotics in human milk are a very recent field of research, as the existence of the human milk microbiome was discovered only about a decade ago. Current research is focusing on bacterial diversity and the influence of the maternal environment as well as the mode of delivery on human milk microbiota, the pathways of bacterial transfer to milk ducts, possible benefits of specific bacterial strains for the treatment of mastitis in mothers, and disease prevention in children. Recent advances in the assessment of early host–microbe interactions suggest that early colonisation may have an impact on later health. This review article summarises a scientific workshop on probiotics in human milk and their implications for infant health as well as future perspectives for infant feeding.

scholarly journals Differences in the Concentration and Composition of Human Milk Components Are Related to Variation in Milk and Infant Fecal Microbiomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1056-1056
Author(s):  
Ryan Pace ◽  
Janet Williams ◽  
Kimberly Lackey ◽  
Mark McGuire ◽  
Michelle McGuire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Infant Feces ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Foundation Award

Abstract Objectives Profiles of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and milk/infant fecal microbiota vary globally. However, associations between and among HMO, other milk-borne factors (e.g., lactose, protein), and milk/infant fecal microbiomes have not been well-investigated. Here we tested the hypothesis that variations in milk lactose, protein, and HMO concentrations are associated with variations in the structure of milk and infant fecal microbial communities. Methods Milk/infant fecal samples from 357 maternal-infant dyads collected as part of the INSPIRE study from 11 geographically/culturally diverse sites located in eight countries (Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Peru, Spain, Sweden, and USA) were analyzed. DNA was extracted and bacterial 16S rRNA V1V3 hypervariable region amplified/sequenced for microbiome analysis. HMO, lactose, and protein profiles were generated from HPLC and spectrophotometric assays. Results Milk and infant feces share many of the same abundant bacterial genera, while also containing unique bacterial communities. Community states type (CST) analyses indicate both sample types group into a relatively small number of discrete communities characterized by enrichment of specific taxa (e.g., Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium). Concentrations of milk lactose and protein varied by population/CST. Additionally, variation in the microbial community structure of milk and infant feces was associated with concentrations of total/individual HMO, lactose, and protein. Conclusions Similar to HMO concentrations, milk lactose and protein vary globally. Variations in milk and infant fecal microbial communities are associated with those of milk lactose, protein, and HMO concentrations. Given these results, as well as prior data on the influence of other environmental variables (e.g., pumped vs. direct breastfeeding), additional longitudinal studies are needed to better understand this complex network of maternal-infant-microbe interactions with respect to environmental factors and how differences impact postnatal maternal-infant health. Funding Sources National Science Foundation (award 1,344,288), National Institutes of Health (R01 HD092297), and USDA.

scholarly journals Breast milk-derived human milk oligosaccharides promote Bifidobacterium interactions within a single ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. E. Lawson ◽  
Ian J. O’Neill ◽  
Magdalena Kujawska ◽  
Sree Gowrinadh Javvadi ◽  
Anisha Wijeyesekera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractDiet-microbe interactions play an important role in modulating the early-life microbiota, with Bifidobacterium strains and species dominating the gut of breast-fed infants. Here, we sought to explore how infant diet drives distinct bifidobacterial community composition and dynamics within individual infant ecosystems. Genomic characterisation of 19 strains isolated from breast-fed infants revealed a diverse genomic architecture enriched in carbohydrate metabolism genes, which was distinct to each strain, but collectively formed a pangenome across infants. Presence of gene clusters implicated in digestion of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) varied between species, with growth studies indicating that within single infants there were differences in the ability to utilise 2′FL and LNnT HMOs between strains. Cross-feeding experiments were performed with HMO degraders and non-HMO users (using spent or ‘conditioned’ media and direct co-culture). Further 1H-NMR analysis identified fucose, galactose, acetate, and N-acetylglucosamine as key by-products of HMO metabolism; as demonstrated by modest growth of non-HMO users on spend media from HMO metabolism. These experiments indicate how HMO metabolism permits the sharing of resources to maximise nutrient consumption from the diet and highlights the cooperative nature of bifidobacterial strains and their role as ‘foundation’ species in the infant ecosystem. The intra- and inter-infant bifidobacterial community behaviour may contribute to the diversity and dominance of Bifidobacterium in early life and suggests avenues for future development of new diet and microbiota-based therapies to promote infant health.

scholarly journals Bacterial Co-Occurrence Patterns Between Human Milk and Microbial Sites of Breastfeeding Dyads

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 966-966
Author(s):  
Erin Davis ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Sharon Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Occurrence Patterns

Abstract Objectives The human milk (HM) microbiota is predicted to originate from the maternal gastrointestinal tract, saliva and breast skin, and infant saliva. Though compositionally distinct, these habitats are strongly associated during breastfeeding. Vertical microbial transmission from mother to infant has been documented, but complex microbial interactions between sites are less clear. Herein, ecological networks between HM bacteria and other microbial sites of breastfeeding dyads were assessed to investigate the origin of the HM microbiota and how it may shape the infant gut microbiota. Methods DNA was extracted from maternal and infant saliva, HM, breast skin, and maternal and infant stool samples collected at 6 weeks postpartum from 33 mother-infant pairs. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and taxonomy was assigned using QIIME 2. Co-occurrence patterns among genus-level abundance data were analyzed in CoNet (Cytoscape 3.0). Results Twenty-one significant co-presence relationships were identified between HM and other microbial communities. Associations spanned from six nodes in HM including Corynebacterium, Cutibacterium, Gemella, Rothia, Veillonella, and Actinomyces. Co-presence between Cutibacterium, Veillonella, Actinomyces, and Corynebacterium on skin and HM were identified, supporting breast skin as a principal contributor to the HM microbiota. Interestingly, Bifidobacterium in infant saliva was associated with Gemella and Rothia in HM. The greatest number of relationships existed between HM and infant stool. HM Gemella, Actinomyces, and Corynebacterium were associated with Bacteroides in infant stool; HM Actinomyces was also associated with infant fecal Escherichia-Shigella and Eggerthella. Additional relationships were identified between HM and maternal saliva and fecal microbiota. Conclusions Several unique ecological relationships exist between HM and microbial sites of breastfeeding dyads. Whether these relationships are indicative of proximity, mutualism, or are biomarkers of other host-microbe interactions remains to be determined. These data will be useful to uncover mechanisms driving microbial community organization and potential targets for microbial modulation in this population. Funding Sources National Dairy Council, NIH, The Gerber Foundation, The Doris Kelley Christopher Foundation.

scholarly journals Host-Microbe Interactions in the Neonatal Intestine: Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 450S-455S ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Donovan ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Iddo Friedberg ◽  
Scott L. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Exploring Host-Microbe Interactions in Hydra

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Fraune ◽  
Thomas C. G. Bosch ◽  
René Augustin
Keyword(s):  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Pharmacology of T2R Mediated Host–Microbe Interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Reddy Medapati ◽  
Anjali Y. Bhagirath ◽  
Nisha Singh ◽  
Prashen Chelikani
Keyword(s):  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

scholarly journals Free and Total Amino Acids in Human Milk in Relation to Maternal and Infant Characteristics and Infant Health Outcomes: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2009
Author(s):  
Joris H.J. van Sadelhoff ◽  
Linda P. Siziba ◽  
Lisa Buchenauer ◽  
Marko Mank ◽  
Selma P. Wiertsema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Free amino acids (FAAs) are important regulators of key pathways necessary for growth, development, and immunity. Data on FAAs in human milk (HM) and their roles in infant development are limited. We investigated the levels of FAAs and total amino acids (TAA, i.e., the sum of conjugated amino acids and FAAs) in HM in relation to infant and maternal characteristics and immunological conditions. FAA and TAA levels in HM sampled at 6 weeks (n = 671) and 6 months (n = 441) of lactation were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Child growth was ascertained at 4–5 weeks and at 6–7 months of age. Child allergy and lower respiratory tract infections were assessed in the first years of life. Associations of amino acid (AA) levels in HM with child growth and health outcomes were determined by Spearman correlation and modified Poisson regression, respectively. Free glutamine, glutamate, and serine in 6-week HM positively correlated with infant weight gain in the first 4–5 weeks of age. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI) were negatively correlated with free glutamine and asparagine in 6-week and 6-month HM and positively correlated with the sum of TAAs in 6-month HM, but significance was lost following confounder adjustment. Free glutamine was lower in 6-month HM of mothers with an allergy (either active or non-active). No consistent associations were found between FAAs in HM and child health outcomes. However, potential negative associations were observed between specific FAAs and the risk of food allergy. These results suggest that specific FAAs play a role in infant growth. Moreover, these findings warrant further investigations into the relation of FAAs in HM with infant health outcomes and maternal allergy.

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