scholarly journals Rumen development process in goats as affected by supplemental feeding v. grazing: age-related anatomic development, functional achievement and microbial colonisation

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhen Jiao ◽  
Xiaopeng Li ◽  
Karen A. Beauchemin ◽  
Zhiliang Tan ◽  
Shaoxun Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Activity ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Length And Area

The aim of the present study was to describe age-related changes in anatomic, functional and microbial variables during the rumen development process, as affected by the feeding system (supplemental feeding v. grazing), in goats. Goats were slaughtered at seven time points that were selected to reflect the non-rumination (0, 7 and 14 d), transition (28 and 42 d) and rumination (56 and 70 d) phases of rumen development. Total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration (P= 0·002), liquid-associated bacterial and archaeal copy numbers (P< 0·01) were greater for supplemental feeding v. grazing, while rumen pH (P< 0·001), acetate molar proportion (P= 0·003) and solid-associated microbial copy numbers (P< 0·05) were less. Rumen papillae length (P= 0·097) and extracellular (P= 0·093) and total (P= 0·073) protease activity potentials in supplemented goats tended to be greater than those in grazing goats. Furthermore, from 0 to 70 d, irrespective of the feeding system, rumen weight, rumen wall thickness, rumen papillae length and area, TVFA concentration, xylanase, carboxymethylcellulase activity potentials, and microbial copy numbers increased (P< 0·01) with age, while the greatest amylase and protease activity potentials occurred at 28 d. Most anatomic and functional variables evolved progressively from 14 to 42 d, while microbial colonisation was fastest from birth to 28 d. These outcomes suggest that the supplemental feeding system is more effective in promoting rumen development than the grazing system; in addition, for both the feeding systems, microbial colonisation in the rumen is achieved at 1 month, functional achievement at 2 months, and anatomic development after 2 months.

Cloning, phylogenetic analysis, and postnatal expression of oligopeptide transporter PepT1 in gastrointestinal tract of kid goats receiving supplemental feed or pasture

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
Hengzhi Li ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Chuanshe Zhou ◽  
Zhixiong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Peptide Transport ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Oligopeptide Transporter ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Expression Site ◽  
Independent Effects

This study aimed to clone the cDNA of PepT1, an H+-dependent oligopeptide transporter, from kid goats and examine effects of physiological development (suckling, weaning, and post-weaning) of the animal and feeding system (supplemental feeding vs. grazing) on peptide transport capability. A 2395 bp cDNA sequence of pept1 (GenBank: MH308024) was cloned and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high homology and structure similarity with PepT1 of sheep and cattle. The pept1 was expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract of kid goats immediately after birth and during development. Relative abundance of pept1 decreased in all segments except the middle-jejunum during suckling, whereas its expression in most segments of small intestine increased with age after weaning and remained stable thereafter. Middle-jejunum was the predominant expression site and probably the main peptide absorption site. Supplemental feeding enhanced pept1 expression because it increased protein intake compared with grazing. No feeding system × age interaction was observed in most segments; the expression was age related during suckling and diet related during weaning and post-weaning, indicating that feeding system and age had independent effects on pept1 expression. These results indicate that PepT1 plays an important role for protein nutrition in neonatal goats, and its expression can be affected by feeding system.

Contribution of a Metal-Peroxide Adduct to Neurodegeneration Is Due to Its Oxidative Protease Activity

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1107-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzo Nishida ◽  
Satoshi Nishino
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Many hypotheses have been developed to explain aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders; one of the most compelling is the role of oxidative stress to induce changes in protease activity in brains of patients of Alzheimer’s disease and prion disease. At the moment however, there is no clear answer how protein degradation may be achieved in the brain. We have observed that several metal compounds can degrade proteins in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and elucidated the reaction scheme based on the new theoretical point for the reactivity of a metal-peroxide adduct with η1-coordination mode. In this article we would like to point out the importance of a copper(II)-peroxide adduct to promote neurodegenerative diseases such as prion disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through its oxidative protease function.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Trabecular Meshwork Imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Gold ◽  
Seema Kansara ◽  
Kundandeep S. Nagi ◽  
Nicholas P. Bell ◽  
Lauren S. Blieden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Interobserver Reproducibility ◽  
Shadow Area ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Length And Area

Purpose. To evaluate the normal aging effects on trabecular meshwork (TM) parameters using Fourier domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) images.Patients and Methods. One eye from 45 participants with open angles was imaged. Two independent readers measured TM area, TM length, and area and length of the TM interface shadow from 3 age groups (18–40, 41–60, and 61–80). Measurements were compared using stepwise regression analysis.Results. The average TM parameters were 0.0487 (±0.0092) mm2for TM area, 0.5502 (±0.1033) mm for TM length, 0.1623 (±0.341) mm2for TM interface shadow area, and 0.7755 (±0.1574) mm for TM interface shadow length. Interobserver reproducibility coefficients ranged from 0.45 (TM length) to 0.82 (TM area). TM area and length were not correlated with age. While the TM interface shadow length did not correlate with age, the TM interface shadow area increased with age. Race, sex, intraocular pressure, and gonioscopy score were not correlated with any TM parameters.Conclusion. Although the TM measurements were not correlated with age, the TM interface shadow area increased with age. Further study is required to determine whether there is any relationship between the age-related ASOCT findings of the TM interface shadow area and physiologic function.

scholarly journals CHALLENGES OF A MODERN ATLAS OF THE AGEING SOCIETY

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
S. Bleisch ◽  
D. Hil ◽  
S. Korkut ◽  
P. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Data Representations ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Attention To Detail

Atlases are collections of illustrated data, often maps, which give an overview - as well as some details - of one or several topic areas. We noted that this description serves well especially for traditional paper and digital atlases. However, in our today's world of entertainment it might give a somewhat dated impression. For the topic area 'Ageing Society' we aim to visualise age related data in an interactive digital way that supports not only the content but also engages the users, offers opportunities for different stakeholders and levels of interest, and is able to accommodate a range of data as well as future updates. A set of guiding principles for the development process addresses these challenges. First implementations show that following the principles is feasible but expensive in terms of time and attention to detail needed. For each selected topic, a story guides the users through the data and highlights interesting aspects. The user can interrupt the story at any time and explore the data further through interacting with the detailed data representations, and switch back to the story when needed. This allows different levels of access which in combination with the specifically designed navigation concept as well as through the adherence to user aware design principles are very promising for the future developments of the Atlas of the Ageing Society and potentially other atlas products.

scholarly journals Relative Impact and Analysis of Composition of Goat Milk by Stall-Feeding System and Rearing with Grazing System of Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Surner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Free Grazing ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Milk Minerals ◽  
Feeding Systems

In many regions of the world, goat milk and its milk products have played a major role in economic viability, particularly in developing countries like India. In terms of getting milk products high in minerals and other protein, the importance of free grazing still prevails and is preferred over stall feeding, but both ways are good in general. With the importance of the above in mind, an approach has been taken in the current study to compare the yield of milk from goats using a stall-feeding system and a free grazing system. Our findings show that milk minerals such as Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, and Sodium are higher in stall-feeding goat systems than in free grazing systems because stall-feeding provides a computed ration – Minerals, Common salt, mineral mixture, concentrate feeding, feed additives, and feed supplement. As a result, milk minerals are higher in stall-feeding goat systems than in free grazing goat systems. Lactose levels are higher in stall-feeding systems than in open grazing systems because leguminous feeds like as lucerne and bersim grasses, as well as green forages, are used. Because they graze freely in the environment and consume various types of feeds, fat percentage is higher in the free grazing system of goats than in the stall-feeding system. Since stall-feeding systems provide feed supplement and concentrate feeding, fat soluble vitamins are higher in stall-feeding systems than in free grazing systems, which is why fat-soluble vitamins are higher in stall-feeding systems of goats.

Farm structure, market structure and agricultural sustainability goals: The case of New York State dairying

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Welsh ◽  
Thomas A. Lyson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
New York State ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
York State ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Hired Labor ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

AbstractThis paper explores issues of agricultural sustainability in relation to arguments to sustain the family labor farm and the theoretical justification for the recent increase in smallerscale milk processors and differentiated dairy product markets. Using a population of New York State dairy farm households, we identified farm structural variables that influence farmers' use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers and their consideration of intensive rotational grazing. Milk sales, division of hired labor on the farm, and ownership arrangements are found to be interrelated and predict relative use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers within a “conventional” confinement feeding system. Marketing strategies predict production practices within a confinement feeding system less reliably but do predict whether the farm has considered adopting an intensive grazing system. Farms that have higher saks, that use hired labor more extensively, and that are not single family operations are more likely to use chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Farms that sell to differentiated markets are more likely to look favorably on an eventual switch to an intensive rotational grazing system.

scholarly journals A Study on Comparison of Stall Feeding System of Goat Rearing with Grazing System

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjunath Patil ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Raju G. Teggelli ◽  
Prahlad Ubhale
Keyword(s):  
Feeding System ◽  
Grazing System

scholarly journals Rats exhibit age-related mosaic loss of chromosome Y

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto H. Orta ◽  
Stephen J. Bush ◽  
Mariana Gutiérrez-Mariscal ◽  
Susana Castro-Obregón ◽  
Lorraine Jaimes-Hoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Target Sequencing ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Structural Aberrations ◽  
Old Rats

AbstractMosaic loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) is the most frequent chromosomal aberration in aging men and is strongly correlated with mortality and disease. To date, studies of LOY have only been performed in humans, and so it is unclear whether LOY is a natural consequence of our relatively long lifespan or due to exposure to human-specific external stressors. Here, we explored whether LOY could be detected in rats. We applied a locus-specific PCR and target sequencing approach that we used as a proxy to estimate LOY in 339 samples covering eleven tissues from young and old individuals. We detected LOY in four tissues of older rats. To confirm the results from the PCR screening, we re-sequenced 60 full genomes from old rats, which revealed that the Y chromosome is the sole chromosome with low copy numbers. Finally, our results suggest that LOY is associated with other structural aberrations on the Y chromosome and possibly linked to the mosaic loss of the X chromosome. This is the first report, to our knowledge, demonstrating that the patterns of LOY observed in aging men are also present in a rodent, and conclude that LOY may be a natural process in placental mammals.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Identification of Ruminal Epithelial Bacterial Diversity during Rumen Development in Goats

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 3502-3509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhen Jiao ◽  
Jinyu Huang ◽  
Chuanshe Zhou ◽  
Zhiliang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rumen Development

ABSTRACTUnderstanding of the colonization process of epithelial bacteria attached to the rumen tissue during rumen development is very limited. Ruminal epithelial bacterial colonization is of great significance for the relationship between the microbiota and the host and can influence the early development and health of the host. MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were applied to characterize ruminal epithelial bacterial diversity during rumen development in this study. Seventeen goat kids were selected to reflect the no-rumination (0 and 7 days), transition (28 and 42 days), and rumination (70 days) phases of animal development. Alpha diversity indices (operational taxonomic unit [OTU] numbers, Chao estimate, and Shannon index) increased (P< 0.01) with age, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that the samples clustered together according to age group. Phylogenetic analysis revealed thatProteobacteria,Firmicutes, andBacteroideteswere detected as the dominant phyla regardless of the age group, and the abundance ofProteobacteriadeclined quadratically with age (P< 0.001), while the abundances ofBacteroidetes(P= 0.088) andFirmicutes(P= 0.009) increased with age. At the genus level,Escherichia(80.79%) dominated at day zero, whilePrevotella,Butyrivibrio, andCampylobactersurged (linearly;P< 0.01) in abundance at 42 and 70 days. qPCR showed that the total copy number of epithelial bacteria increased linearly (P= 0.013) with age. In addition, the abundances of the generaButyrivibrio,Campylobacter, andDesulfobulbuswere positively correlated with rumen weight, rumen papilla length, ruminal ammonia and total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and activities of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase. Taking the data together, colonization by ruminal epithelial bacteria is age related (achieved at 2 months) and might participate in the anatomic and functional development of the rumen.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document