scholarly journals Barleyβ-glucan reduces blood cholesterol levels via interrupting bile acid metabolism

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 822-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Scott V. Harding ◽  
Sijo J. Thandapilly ◽  
Susan M. Tosh ◽  
Peter J. H. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering Effect

AbstractUnderlying mechanisms responsible for the cholesterol-lowering effect ofβ-glucan have been proposed, yet have not been fully demonstrated. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether the consumption of barleyβ-glucan lowers cholesterol by affecting the cholesterol absorption, cholesterol synthesis or bile acid synthesis. In addition, this study was aimed to assess whether the underlying mechanisms are related to cholesterol 7αhydroxylase (CYP7A1) SNP rs3808607 as proposed by us earlier. In a controlled, randomised, cross-over study, participants with mild hypercholesterolaemia (n30) were randomly assigned to receive breakfast containing 3 g high-molecular weight (HMW), 5 g low-molecular weight (LMW), 3 g LMW barleyβ-glucan or a control diet, each for 5 weeks. Cholesterol absorption was determined by assessing the enrichment of circulating13C-cholesterol over 96 h following oral administration; fractional rate of synthesis for cholesterol was assessed by measuring the incorporation rate of2H derived from deuterium oxide within the body water pool into the erythrocyte cholesterol pool over 24 h; bile acid synthesis was determined by measuring serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one concentrations. Consumption of 3 g HMWβ-glucan decreased total cholesterol (TC) levels (P=0·029), but did not affect cholesterol absorption (P=0·25) or cholesterol synthesis (P=0·14). Increased bile acid synthesis after consumption of 3 g HMWβ-glucan was observed in all participants (P=0·049), and more pronounced in individuals carrying homozygous G of rs3808607 (P=0·033). In addition, a linear relationship between log (viscosity) ofβ-glucan and serum 7α-HC concentration was observed in homozygous G allele carriers. Results indicate that increased bile acid synthesis rather than inhibition of cholesterol absorption or synthesis may be responsible for the cholesterol-lowering effect of barleyβ-glucan. The pronounced TC reduction in G allele carriers of rs3808607 observed in the previous study may be due to enhanced bile acid synthesis in response to high-viscosityβ-glucan consumption in those individuals.

scholarly journals Diurnal Variation of Markers for Cholesterol Synthesis, Cholesterol Absorption, and Bile Acid Synthesis: A Systematic Review and the Bispebjerg Study of Diurnal Variations

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schroor ◽  
Sennels ◽  
Fahrenkrug ◽  
Jørgensen ◽  
Plat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Human studies have shown diurnal rhythms of cholesterol and bile acid synthesis, but a better understanding of the role of the circadian system in cholesterol homeostasis is needed for the development of targeted interventions to improve metabolic health. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature search on the diurnal rhythms of cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers and of bile acid synthesis markers. We also examined the diurnal rhythms of the cholesterol synthesis markers lathosterol and desmosterol, and of the cholesterol absorption markers cholestanol, campesterol, and sitosterol in serum samples from the Bispebjerg study. These samples were collected every three hours over a 24-hour period in healthy males (n = 24) who consumed low-fat meals. The systematic search identified sixteen papers that had examined the diurnal rhythms of the cholesterol synthesis markers lathosterol (n = 3), mevalonate (n = 9), squalene (n = 2), or the bile acid synthesis marker 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) (n = 4). Results showed that lathosterol, mevalonate, and squalene had a diurnal rhythm with nocturnal peaks, while C4 had a diurnal rhythm with daytime peaks. Furthermore, cosinor analyses of the serum samples showed a significant diurnal rhythm for lathosterol (cosinor p < 0.001), but not for desmosterol, campesterol, sitosterol, and cholestanol (cosinor p > 0.05). In conclusion, cholesterol synthesis and bile acid synthesis have a diurnal rhythm, though no evidence for a diurnal rhythm of cholesterol absorption was found under highly standardised conditions. More work is needed to further explore the influence of external factors on the diurnal rhythms regulating cholesterol homeostasis.

scholarly journals Dietary Phospholipids Prepared From Scallop Internal Organs Attenuate the Serum and Liver Cholesterol Contents by Enhancing the Expression of Cholesterol Hydroxylase in the Liver of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koki Sugimoto ◽  
Ryota Hosomi ◽  
Munehiro Yoshida ◽  
Kenji Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Patinopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering Effect

In this study, we successfully prepared scallop oil (SCO), which contains high levels of phospholipids (PL) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), from the internal organs of the Japanese giant scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), one of the most important underutilized fishery resources in Japan. The intake of SCO lowers the serum and liver cholesterol contents in mice; however, whether the fatty acids (FA) composition or PL of SCO exhibits any cholesterol-lowering effect remains unknown. To elucidate whether the cholesterol-lowering function is due to FA composition or PL of SCO, and investigate the cholesterol-lowering mechanism by SCO, in the present study, mice were fed SCO's PL fraction (SCO-PL), triglyceride (TG)-type oil with almost the same FA composition as SCO-PL, called SCO's TG fraction (SCO-TG), soybean oil (SOY-TG), and soybean's PL fraction (SOY-PL). Male C57BL/6J mice (5-week-old) were fed high-fat and cholesterol diets containing 3% (w/w) experimental oils (SOY-TG, SOY-PL, SCO-TG, and SCO-PL) for 28 days. The SCO-PL diet significantly decreased the serum and liver cholesterol contents compared with the SOY-TG diet, but the intake of SOY-PL and SCO-TG did not show this effect. This result indicated that the serum and liver cholesterol-lowering effect observed in the SCO intake group was due to the effect of SCO-PL. The cholesterol-lowering effect of SCO-PL was in part related to the promotion of liver cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression, which is the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis. In contrast, the expression levels of the ileum farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) and fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15), which inhibit the expression of liver CYP7A1, were significantly reduced in the SCO-PL group than the SOY-TG group. From these results, the increase in the liver CYP7A1 expression by dietary SCO-PL was in part through the reduction of the ileum Fxr/Fgf15 regulatory pathway. Therefore, this study showed that SCO-PL may be a health-promoting component as it lowers the serum and liver cholesterol contents by increasing the liver CYP7A1 expression, which is not seen in SOY-PL and SCO-TG.

scholarly journals The influence of biological sex and sex hormones on bile acid synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Phelps ◽  
Erin Snyder ◽  
Erin Rodriguez ◽  
Hailey Child ◽  
Pamela Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Biological Sex

AbstractObesity and elevated serum lipids are associated with a threefold increase in the risk of developing atherosclerosis, a condition that underlies stroke, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Strategies that aim to reduce serum cholesterol through modulation of liver enzymes have been successful in decreasing the risk of developing atherosclerosis and reducing mortality. Statins, which inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver, are considered among the most successful compounds developed for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, recent debate surrounding their effectiveness and safety prompts consideration of alternative cholesterol-lowering therapies, including increasing cholesterol catabolism through bile acid (BA) synthesis. Targeting the enzymes that convert cholesterol to BAs represents a promising alternative to other cholesterol-lowering approaches that treat atherosclerosis as well as fatty liver diseases and diabetes mellitus. Compounds that modify the activity of these pathways have been developed; however, there remains a lack of consideration of biological sex. This is necessary in light of strong evidence for sexual dimorphisms not only in the incidence and progression of the diseases they influence but also in the expression and activity of the proteins affected and in the manner in which men and women respond to drugs that modify lipid handling in the liver. A thorough understanding of the enzymes involved in cholesterol catabolism and modulation by biological sex is necessary to maximize their therapeutic potential.

Reciprocal influence of fermentations and bile acid excretion on cholesterol-lowering effect of fermentable carbohydrate

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Laure Favier ◽  
Pierre-Etienne Bost ◽  
Christine Guittard ◽  
Christian Demigné ◽  
Christian Rémésy
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Reciprocal Influence ◽  
Bile Acid Excretion ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering Effect

scholarly journals Evaluation of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties of sugar cane policosanols in hamsters and humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira N. Kassis
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cholesterol Control ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering Effect

Atherosclerosis prevention is now a main focus of the scientific community and pharmaceutical industry. Sugar cane policosanols (SCPs) have gained increasing popularity over the last decade as a result of numerous studies conducted in Cuba that consider SCPs as a natural alternative to statin drugs. However, independent research on policosanols was not able to replicate cholesterol reductions reported by Cuban laboratories. No independent study to date has examined the cholesterol-lowering effect and antioxidant capacity of original SCPs in humans. In addition, since independent research was criticized because of the use of alternative policosanol formulations, the source and composition of policosanol mixtures are now at the core of the policosanol controversy. The aim of this thesis project was first to compare the composition and cholesterol-lowering effects of different SCP preparations in hamsters, and second to test the cholesterol-lowering efficacy, mechanism of action, and antioxidant capacity of the original Cuban SCP in hypercholesterolemic humans. In study 1, 48 male hamsters were randomly assigned to 4 groups for a period of 4 weeks: (i) non-cholesterol control, (ii) cholesterol control, (iii) original SCPs, and (iv) alternative SCPs. Hamsters were sacrificed and blood was collected at the end of the feeding period for lipid measurements. In study 2, 21 hypercholesterolemic volunteers consumed 10 mg·d–1 of SCPs or a placebo for a period of 28 days in a crossover trial. Plasma lipid levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation were measured at the start and end of supplementation phases. Cholesterol absorption and synthesis were assessed using a single-isotope, single-tracer technique and deuterium incorporation, respectively. There was no significant difference in cholesterol-lowering efficacy between hamsters in the original and alternative SCP groups relative to the control. Similarly, in hypercholesterolemic humans, supplementation with original SCPs did not significantly improve lipid parameters and no change in cholesterol absorption or synthesis was observed relative to the control. In vivo assessment of LDL oxidation showed no significant changes in oxidized LDL concentration relative to baseline and control. The present thesis disagrees with previous Cuban data on the cardio-protective role of SCPs in animals and humans and supports independent studies showing no cholesterol-lowering effect and no antioxidant capacity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document