scholarly journals Increasing intake of dietary soluble nutrients affects digesta passage rate in the stomach of growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke Schop ◽  
Alfons J. M. Jansman ◽  
Sonja de Vries ◽  
Walter J. J. Gerrits
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Digesta Passage ◽  
Nutrient Solubility

AbstractThe passage rate of solids and liquids through the gastrointestinal tract differs. Increased dietary nutrient solubility causes nutrients to shift from the solid to the liquid digesta fraction and potentially affect digesta passage kinetics. We quantified: (1) the effect of three levels of dietary nutrient solubility (8, 19 and 31 % of soluble protein and sucrose in the diet) at high feed intake level (S) and (2) the effect of lowv.high feed intake level (F), on digesta passage kinetics in forty male growing pigs. The mean retention time (MRT) of solids and liquids in the stomach and small intestine was assessed using TiO2and Cr-EDTA, respectively. In addition, physicochemical properties of digesta were evaluated. Overall, solids were retained longer than liquids in the stomach (2·0 h,P<0·0001) and stomach+small intestine (1·6 h,P<0·001). When S increased, MRT in stomach decreased by 1·3 h for solids (P=0·01) and 0·7 h for liquids (P=0·002) but only at the highest level of S. When F increased using low-soluble nutrients, MRT in stomach increased by 0·8 h for solids (P=0·041) and 0·7 h for liquids (P=0·0001). Dietary treatments did not affect water-binding capacity and viscosity of digesta. In the stomach of growing pigs, dietary nutrient solubility affects digesta MRT in a non-linear manner, while feed intake level increases digesta MRT depending on dietary nutrient solubility. Results can be used to improve predictions on the kinetics of nutrient passage and thereby of nutrient digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Wheat bran and oat hulls have dose-dependent effects on ad-libitum feed intake in pigs related to digesta hydration and colonic fermentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 8298-8308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Ratanpaul ◽  
Dagong Zhang ◽  
Barbara A. Williams ◽  
Simon Diffey ◽  
John L. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Digesta Passage ◽  
Dose Dependent

Undigested nutrients and fermentable fibre in the distal ileum and colon stimulate intestinal brakes, which reduce gastric-emptying and digesta-passage-rate, and subsequently limit feed/food-intake.

Quantification of energy expenditures of the gastrointestinal tract of steers fed three diets at two levels of intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Kelly ◽  
T. Mutsvangwa ◽  
L. P. Milligan ◽  
D. R. Waldo ◽  
B. W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
High Level

Forty eight yearling Holstein steers [257 ± 7.7 kg body weight (BW)] were fed switchgrass hay plus 10% soybean meal (diet S), orchard grass silage (diet O) and alfalfa silage (diet A) at 65 or 90 g DM kg–0.75 BW for 155 to 164 d in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment designed to evaluate the effects of dietary composition and level of feed intake on patterns of O2 consumption in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tissues. At the end of the growth period, steers were stunned, exsanguinated and eviscerated. The various GIT components were then emptied of their contents and weighed. Ventral sac rumen, jejunal and large intestinal tissue samples were quickly acquired and placed in oxygenated M199 media. Mucosa and muscularis weights of these tissues were determined along with their total O2(TO2), ouabain-sensitive O2 (OSO2) and ouabain-insensitive O2 (OIO2) consumption. Oxygen consumption parameters were determined polarographically using a YSI Clark-style electrode. Total weights of rumen (P < 0.001), small intestine (P < 0.001) and large intestine (P < 0.05) were higher in steers fed the high level of intake compared to those fed the low level of feed intake. In all GIT tissues studied, increasing the level of feed intake (P <0.05) elevated mucosa and muscularis dry weights. Steers fed diet S had lower (P < 0.05) GIT tissue weights compared to those fed diets O and A. Weight-specific (i.e., expressed per unit tissue weight) TO2, OSO2 and OIO2 consumption for rumen, small intestine and large intestine were not affected by dietary composition and level of feed intake (P > 0.05), except for OSO2 consumption, which was higher (P < 0.05) in ruminal mucosa of steers fed diets S and A compared to those fed diet O. It is concluded that level of feed intake and dietary composition altered GIT O2 consumption via changes in visceral organ mass, rather than changes in weight-specific O2 consumption. Key words: Na+, K+-ATPase, gastrointestinal tract, Holstein steers

Effects of diet density and environmental temperature on performance and carcass quality of pigs fed ad libitum to bacon weight

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
S.A. Edwards ◽  
A.W. Armsby ◽  
H.H. Spechter
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Ad libitum feeding from hoppers offers a simple system for feeding growing pigs and maximises liveweight gain. High feed intake in the later stages of production often results in excessive backfat deposition, making it difficult to achieve optimum carcass gradings with pigs kept to bacon weight. Both nutrient density of the diet and ambient temperature may influence voluntary feed intake. This experiment investigated the extent to which these factors could be used under commercial conditions to manipulate growth rate and fat deposition of pigs on an ad libitum feeding system.

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