scholarly journals Portion size normality and additional within-meal food intake: two crossover laboratory experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Haynes ◽  
Charlotte A. Hardman ◽  
Jason C. G. Halford ◽  
Susan A. Jebb ◽  
Eric Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Previous Sample ◽  
Crossover Experiments ◽  
Reduce Energy Intake ◽  
Food Portion Size

AbstractReducing food portion size could reduce energy intake. However, it is unclear at what point consumers respond to reductions by increasing intake of other foods. We predicted that a change in served portion size would only result in significant additional eating within the same meal if the resulting portion size was no longer visually perceived as ‘normal’. Participants in two crossover experiments (Study 1: n 45; Study 2: n 37; adults, 51 % female) were served different-sized lunchtime portions on three occasions that were perceived by a previous sample of participants as ‘large-normal’, ‘small-normal’ and ‘smaller than normal’, respectively. Participants were able to serve themselves additional helpings of the same food (Study 1) or dessert items (Study 2). In Study 1 there was a small but significant increase in additional intake when participants were served the ‘smaller than normal’ compared with the ‘small-normal’ portion (m difference = 161 kJ, P = 0·002, d = 0·35), but there was no significant difference between the ‘small-normal’ and ‘large-normal’ conditions (m difference = 88 kJ, P = 0·08, d = 0·24). A similar pattern was observed in Study 2 (m difference = 149 kJ, P = 0·06, d = 0·18; m difference = 83 kJ, P = 0·26, d = 0·10). However, smaller portion sizes were each associated with a significant reduction in total meal intake. The findings provide preliminary evidence that reductions that result in portions appearing ‘normal’ in size may limit additional eating, but confirmatory research is needed.

scholarly journals Analysis of the National Adult Nutrition Survey (Ireland) and the Food4Me Nutrition Survey Databases to Explore the Development of Food Labelling Portion Sizes for the European Union

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gibney ◽  
Aifric O’Sullivan ◽  
Albert Flynn ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Hannelore Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Food Portion Size ◽  
The Eu

The present study set out to explore the option of developing food portion size for nutritional labelling purposes using two European Union (EU) dietary surveys. The surveys were selected as they differed in (a) methodologies (food diary versus food frequency questionnaire), (b) populations (Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) versus a seven-country survey based on the pan EU study Food4Me), (c) food quantification (multiple options versus solely photographic album) and (d) duration (4 consecutive days versus recent month). Using data from these studies, portion size was determined for 15 test foods, where portion size was defined as the median intake of a target food when consumed. The median values of the portion sizes derived from both the NANS and Food4Me surveys were correlated (r = 0.823; p < 0.00) and the mean of the two survey data sets were compared to US values from the Recognized as Customarily Consumed (RACC) database. There was very strong agreement across all food categories between the averaged EU and the US portion size (r = 0.947; p < 0.00). It is concluded that notwithstanding the variety of approaches used for dietary survey data in the EU, the present data supports using a standardized approach to food portion size quantification for food labelling in the EU.

scholarly journals Children's estimates of food portion size: the effect of timing of dietary interview on the accuracy of children's portion size estimates

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Foster ◽  
M. O'Keeffe ◽  
J. N. S. Matthews ◽  
J. C. Mathers ◽  
M. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment System ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Size Estimates ◽  
Food Portion Size ◽  
Dietary Interview ◽  
Food Consumed

For food intakes to be converted into nutrient intakes a measure or estimate of the amount of food consumed is required. A number of methods have been developed to assist subjects in providing an estimate of portion size. Children's ability to use perception, conceptualisation and memory skills to estimate food portion size has not been investigated systematically. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of the timing of a dietary interview on the accuracy of estimates of food portion sizes made by children, using food photographs, food models and an interactive portion size assessment system, developed for use with children and based on portion sizes of foods consumed by children. Children (n 108) aged 4–14 years were supplied with known quantities of foods and asked to estimate the portion size of each food using each of the three portion size assessment tools. Interviews took place (a) with the food in view, (b) just after the child had eaten the food or (c) 24 h after the child had eaten the food. There were no significant differences in children's ability to estimate food portion size (either as served or as eaten) with timing of interview. That is, children were as accurate in their estimates of portion size 24 h after consuming the food as when the food was in view. Under these conditions many children were able to estimate food portion size utilising perception, conceptualisation and memory skills.

scholarly journals Accuracy of estimates of food portion size using food photographs – the importance of using age-appropriate tools

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Foster ◽  
John NS Matthews ◽  
Michael Nelson ◽  
Julie M Harris ◽  
John C Mathers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Portion Size Estimation ◽  
Size Estimates ◽  
Food Portion Size

AbstractBackgroundIn order to obtain a measure of nutrient intake, a measure or estimate of the amount of food consumed is required. Weighing foods imposes a large burden on subjects, often resulting in underreporting. Tools are available to assist subjects in providing an estimate of portion size and these include food photographs. The application of these tools in improving portion size estimation by children has not been investigated systematically.ObjectivesTo assess the accuracy with which children are able to estimate food portion sizes using food photographs designed for use with adults, and to determine whether the accuracy of estimates is improved when age-appropriate portion size photographs are provided.DesignOriginal data from three separate studies, on the accuracy of portion size estimates by adults using food photographs, by children using adult photographs and by children using age-appropriate photographs, are analysed and compared.SubjectsOne hundred and thirty-five adults aged 18 to 90 years and 210 children aged 4 to 11 years.ResultsChildren's estimates of portion sizes using age-appropriate food photographs were significantly more accurate (an underestimate of 1% on average) than estimates using photographs designed for use with adults (an overestimate of 45% on average). Accuracy of children's estimates of portion size using age-appropriate photographs was not significantly different from that of adults. Children overestimated a food's weight by 18% on average and adults underestimated by 5%.ConclusionsProviding children with food photographs depicting age-appropriate portion sizes greatly increases the accuracy of portion size estimates compared with estimates using photographs designed for use with adults.

scholarly journals Integration of an Image-Based Dietary Assessment Paradigm into Dietetic Training Improves Food Portion Estimates by Future Dietitians

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Dang Khanh Ngan Ho ◽  
Wan-Chun Chiu ◽  
Yu-Chieh Lee ◽  
Hsiu-Yueh Su ◽  
Chun-Chao Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Remedial Teaching ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Dietetic Students ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Size Estimates ◽  
Food Portion Size

The use of image-based dietary assessments (IBDAs) has rapidly increased; however, there is no formalized training program to enhance the digital viewing skills of dieticians. An IBDA was integrated into a nutritional practicum course in the School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University Taiwan. An online IBDA platform was created as an off-campus remedial teaching tool to reinforce the conceptualization of food portion sizes. Dietetic students’ receptiveness and response to the IBDA, and their performance in food identification and quantification, were compared between the IBDA and real food visual estimations (RFVEs). No differences were found between the IBDA and RFVE in terms of food identification (67% vs. 71%) or quantification (±10% of estimated calories: 23% vs. 24%). A Spearman correlation analysis showed a moderate to high correlation for calorie estimates between the IBDA and RFVE (r ≥ 0.33~0.75, all p < 0.0001). Repeated IBDA training significantly improved students’ image-viewing skills [food identification: first semester: 67%; pretest: 77%; second semester: 84%) and quantification [±10%: first semester: 23%; pretest: 28%; second semester: 32%; and ±20%: first semester: 38%; pretest: 48%; second semester: 59%] and reduced absolute estimated errors from 27% (first semester) to 16% (second semester). Training also greatly improved the identification of omitted foods (e.g., condiments, sugar, cooking oil, and batter coatings) and the accuracy of food portion size estimates. The integration of an IBDA into dietetic courses has the potential to help students develop knowledge and skills related to “e-dietetics”.

scholarly journals Analysis of the National Adult Nutrition Survey (Ireland) and the Food4Me Nutrition Survey Databases to Explore the Development of Food Labeling Portion Sizes for the European Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Gibney ◽  
Aifric O'Sullivan ◽  
Albert Flynn ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Hannelore Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Food Portion Size ◽  
The Eu

The present study set out to explore the option of developing food portion size for nutritional labelling purposes using two European Union (EU) dietary surveys. The surveys were selected as they differed in (a) methodologies (food diary v food frequency questionnaire), (b) populations (Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey: NANS) versus a seven-country based on the pan EU study Food4Me), (c) food quantification (multiple options v, solely photographic album) and (d) duration (4 consecutive days v recent month). Using data from these studies, portion size was determined for 15 test foods, where portion size was defined as the median intake of a target food when consumed. The median values of the portion sizes derived from both the NANS and Food4Me surveys were correlated (r = 0.823; P&lt;0.00) and the mean of the two survey data sets were compared to US values from the Recognized as Customarily Consumed (RACC) database. There was very strong agreement across all food categories between the averaged EU and the US portion size (r = 0.947; P&lt;0.00). It is concluded that notwithstanding the variety of approaches used for dietary survey data in the EU, the present data supports using a standardized approach to food portion size quantification for food labelling in the EU.

scholarly journals Food Photography I: the perception of food portion size from photographs

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nelson ◽  
M. Atkinson ◽  
S. Darbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Portion Size ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Food Photography ◽  
Order Of Presentation ◽  
Food Portion Size

Fifty-one male and female volunteers aged 18–90 years from a wide variety of social and occupational backgrounds completed 7284 assessments of portion size in relation to food photographs. Subjects were shown six portion sizes (two small, two medium and two large) for each of six foods, and asked to compare the amount on the plate in front of them to (a) a series of eight photographs showing weights of portions from the 5th to the 95th centile of portion size (British Adult Dietary Survey), or (b) a single photograph of the average (median) portion size. Photographs were prepared either in colour or in black and white, and in two different sizes. The order of presentation of foods; use of black and white or colour; the size of photographs; and presentation of eight or average photographs were each randomized independently. On average, the mean differences between the portion size presented and the estimate of portion size using the photographs varied from -8 to + 6g (-4 to + 5%) for the series of eight photographs, and from -34 to −1g (-23 to + 9%) for the single average photograph. Large portion sizes tended to be underestimated more than medium or small portion sizes, especially when using the average photograph (from -79 to -14g, -37 to -13%). Being female, 65 years and over, or retired, or seeing photographs in colour, were all associated with small but statistically significant overestimations of portion size. Having a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 was associated with an 8% underestimate of portion size. We conclude that use of a series of eight photographs is associated with relatively small errors in portion size perception, whereas use of an average photograph is consistently associated with substantial underestimation across a variety of foods.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evidence of Children’s Weight Gain From 5 Months of Home Quarantine During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110066
Author(s):  
Keith Brazendale ◽  
Jeanette Garcia ◽  
Ethan T. Hunt ◽  
Michael Blankenship ◽  
Daniel Eisenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weight Data ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Purpose. Preventive measures to curtail the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—such as home quarantine, closure of schools/programs—are necessary, yet the impact of these restrictions on children’s weight status is unknown. The purpose of this case report was to investigate changes in children’s body mass index (BMI) and zBMI during COVID-19 quarantine. Methods. Children had their heights and weights recorded early March 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and 5 months later (early August 2020). Paired sample t tests examined changes in BMI and zBMI from baseline to follow-up. Results. Twenty-nine children (62% female; mean age 9.3 years; 27.5% with overweight or obesity) provided height and weight data at both time points. There was a significant difference in pre-COVID-19 BMI (mean [M] = 20.1, standard deviation [SD] = 6.0) and follow-up BMI (M = 20.7, SD = 6.4); t(57) = −3.8, P < .001, and pre-COVID-19 zBMI (M = 0.8, SD = 0.9) and follow-up zBMI (M = 0.9, SD = 0.9); t(57) = -3.1, P = .003. Five of the 29 children moved from normal weight to overweight (n = 4) or obese (n = 1) during 5 months of quarantine. Conclusions. Preliminary evidence shows most children increased their BMI and zBMI values from pre-COVID-19 assessment to the follow-up assessment, 5 months later. These initial findings identify potential incidental negative health consequences of children as a result of COVID-19 preventative measures such as home quarantine.

Influence of nutrition labelling on food portion size consumption

Appetite ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary T. McCann ◽  
Julie M.W. Wallace ◽  
Paula J. Robson ◽  
Kirsten L. Rennie ◽  
Tracy A. McCaffrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portion Size ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Food Portion Size

scholarly journals How is Satiety Affected When Consuming Food While Working on A Computer?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Ding ◽  
Nazimah Hamid ◽  
Daniel Shepherd ◽  
Kevin Kantono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

More people working at offices are choosing to eat meals at their desks, making “desktop dining” an increasingly common phenomenon. Previous studies have reported that environmental distractors, such as television viewing, can influence meal intake and subsequent snack intake. However, the impact of stressful mental tasks on eating behavior has received relatively less attention, focusing only on subsequent meal intake or concurrent snack intake. This study sets out to determine whether eating while working influenced current meal energy intake. This research also examined the relationship between dietary restraint status and energy intake. A crossover experimental design was employed requiring participants (14 males and 29 females) to eat pizza quietly and at rest (control), and while working on a computer (work). Measurements included BMI, energy intake, state anxiety, restrained eating behavior, stress levels (pre- and post-eating), and appetite (before and after both work and control sessions). The findings showed that consuming food while working on a computer significantly increased stress but had no influence on energy intake compared to the control condition. However, post-eating hunger levels were significantly higher in the work condition compared to the control condition. As expected, satiety levels decreased significantly from pre- to post-eating for both work and control conditions. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between restrained eating behavior and energy intake in both work and control conditions. These results suggest that eating while working affected satiety of normal weight participants, as indicated by the significant difference in post-meal satiety levels between work and control conditions.

scholarly journals Can front-of-pack labels influence portion size judgements for unhealthy foods?

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 2776-2781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenobia Talati ◽  
Simone Pettigrew ◽  
Bridget Kelly ◽  
Kylie Ball ◽  
Bruce Neal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computer ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Star Rating ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Daily Intake Guide

AbstractObjectiveBy clearly conveying the healthiness of a food, front-of-pack (FOP) labels have the potential to influence the portion size considered appropriate for consumption. The present study examined the how the Daily Intake Guide (DIG), Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL) and Health Star Rating (HSR) FOP labels affect judgements of appropriate portion sizes of unhealthy foods compared with when no FOP label is present.DesignRespondents viewed mock packages of unhealthy variations of pizzas, cookies, yoghurts and cornflakes featuring the DIG, MTL, HSR or no FOP label, and indicated the portion size they believed should be eaten of each food on a single occasion.SettingThe survey was completed on the respondent’s personal computer.SubjectsA total of 1505 Australian adults provided 4166 ratings across 192 mock packages relating to four product categories: pizza, yoghurt, cornflakes and cookies.ResultsCompared with no FOP label, the HSR resulted in a small but significant reduction in the portion size selected as appropriate for consumption of pizzas and cornflakes (P<0·05). The MTL resulted in smaller portions of cornflakes being selected compared with no FOP label (P<0·05).ConclusionsRespondents perceived smaller portion sizes as appropriate for some, but not all, of the foods tested when FOP labels with more interpretative formats (HSR, MTL) appeared on-pack compared with no FOP label. No effect was found for the less interpretive FOP label (the DIG). Interpretive FOP labels may have the potential to influence portion size judgements, albeit at modest levels.

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