Career Ambitions and Legislative Participation: The Moderating Effect of Electoral Institutions

What motivates politicians to engage in legislative activities? In multilevel systems politicians may be incentivized by ambitions to advance their careers either at the state or federal level. This article argues that the design of the electoral institutions influences how politicians respond to these incentives. Analyzing a unique dataset of both ‘stated’ and ‘realized’ career ambitions of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), it finds that those who seek to move from the European to the national (state) level participate less in legislative activities than those who plan to stay at the European (federal) level. For MEPs who aim to move to the state level, attendance and participation in legislative activities is substantively lower among legislators from candidate-centered systems. Importantly, the effect of career ambitions on legislative participation is stronger in candidate-centered systems than in party-centered systems. These findings suggest that the responsiveness associated with candidate-centered systems comes at the expense of legislative activity.

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Institutions Respond to Changing Federal and State Environments

Higher Education Response to Exponential Societal Shifts - Advances in Higher Education and Professional Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2410-7.ch004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 67-90

Author(s):

Nancy Kleniewski

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Financial Aid ◽

Research Funding ◽

Government Regulation ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Institutions Of Higher Education ◽

Federal Level ◽

The Past ◽

Regulation Changes

Institutions of higher education must respond to the changing landscape of federal and state expectations. This chapter explores how that landscape has changed over the past two decades and how some institutions are responding. At the federal level, changes have affected financial aid, research funding, and government regulation. Changes at the state level include significant reductions in state support and increases in tuition. These changes are occurring as higher education becomes more of a marketplace than a public service. The chapter offers some strategies for institutions hoping to garner increased support, particularly at the state level.

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IDEOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF CONFLICT REGULATION IN EASTERN UKRAINE

Almanac of Ukrainian Studies ◽

10.17721/2520-2626/2019.24.1 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 8-11

Author(s):

Larysa Abyzova

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Communication ◽

A Priori ◽

Practical Interest ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Political Strategy ◽

National State ◽

Post Colonial ◽

Political Processes ◽

Conflict Regulation

The article researches ideological principles of conflict regulation, in particular, the conflict in Eastern Ukraine in the context of forming of national-state ideology. This indicates theoretical and practical interest to a certain topic, which gets new sense and sound at each stage of national and state existence. It has been found out that political strategies should enable planning and forecasting political processes, minimize political bias, and meet reform projects. It is noted that the main vector of socio-cultural transformations had been proclaimed to be the posttotalitarian, post-colonial vector that a priori should permanently protect the state from the disadvantages and tragedies of the previous political era. Philosophical reflection is aimed at understanding of one of the most important components of national-state ideologies – a national idea. At present, there is no single national-state ideology in Ukraine, since new forms of understanding of social reality are in the process of formation. Obviously, it will be formed in the context of political forces’ struggle and compromising. The crisis of unity in Ukrainian society is interpreted as a factor that does not contribute to the formation and implementation of a rational political strategy of the state. It is concluded that European spirit of Ukraine and national self-esteem should be formed on state level in internal and foreign politics, on theoretical level in the programs of state reforms, in the concepts and programs of education and upbringing, on daily life level in ideological regulations of interpersonal communication rules. It is concluded that there are the following steps towards peace, first, the cessation of hostilities and pressure, second, the establishment of dialogue, and third, the search for a solution to the contradictions through negotiations.

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Federal Administration

Public Administration in Germany - Governance and Public Management ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8_5 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 61-79

Author(s):

Julia Fleischer

Keyword(s):

Information Security ◽

State Level ◽

Armed Forces ◽

The State ◽

Public Employees ◽

Administrative System ◽

Federal Level ◽

Foreign Service ◽

Federal Administration ◽

Municipal Level

AbstractThe federal administration is significantly small (around 10 percent of all public employees). This speciality of the German administrative system is based on the division of responsibilities: the central (federal) level drafts and adopts most of the laws and public programmes, and the state level (together with the municipal level) implements them. The administration of the federal level comprises the ministries, subordinated agencies for special and selected operational tasks (e.g. the authorisation of drugs, information security and registration of refugees) in distinct administrative sectors (e.g. foreign service, armed forces and federal police). The capacity for preparing and monitoring government bills and statutory instruments is well developed. Moreover, the instruments and tools of coordination are exemplary compared with other countries, although the recent digital turn has been adopted less advanced than elsewhere.

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The Tax Elasticity of Capital Gains and Revenue-Maximizing Rates

American Economic Review: Insights ◽

10.1257/aeri.20200535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 399-416

Author(s):

Ole Agersnap ◽

Owen Zidar

Keyword(s):

Rate Increase ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Capital Gains ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Tax Rates ◽

Capital Gains Tax ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Federal Level ◽

Long Run

This paper uses a direct-projections approach to estimate the effect of capital gains taxation on realizations at the state level and then develops a framework for determining revenue-maximizing rates at the federal level. We find that the elasticity of revenues with respect to the tax rate over a 10-year period is −0.5 to −0.3, indicating that capital gains tax cuts do not pay for themselves and that a 5 percentage point rate increase would yield $18 to $30 billion in annual federal tax revenue. Our long-run estimates yield revenue-maximizing capital gains tax rates of 38 to 47 percent. (JEL E62, H25, H71)

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US 2018 midterms are likely to weaken Democrats' clout

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db225030 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Supreme Court ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

The Political ◽

Court Ruling ◽

Donald Trump ◽

Supreme Court Ruling ◽

Content Type ◽

Federal Level ◽

Presidential Primaries

Significance The Democrats are seeking to revive their party’s fortunes in legislative and electoral battles from the nadir following the political upsets of 2016. As the party seeks to orientate itself towards the administration of President Donald Trump at the federal level, its congressional leaders must balance the centrist considerations of legislative strategy under Republican rule with the expectations of frustrated progressive voters and activists in the party base. The Democrats also face electoral tests in the 2018 midterms and -- more importantly -- when Trump seeks re-election in 2020. Impacts House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi is likely to face a post-midterms leadership challenge. More extreme Republican primary challengers backed by Steve Bannon could cost the Republicans otherwise winnable Senate seats. A sizeable contingent of Democratic senators are likely to vote with the 2020 presidential primaries in mind. A conservative Supreme Court ruling allowing partisan gerrymandering in key states will hinder Democratic House gains. Democratic weakness at the state level will have negative electoral and policymaking consequences at federal level.

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Die Verwaltungshaftung zwischen Bund und Ländern bei der Ausführung der Bundesgesetze

10.5771/9783748925859 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angelika Milger

Keyword(s):

State Level ◽

The State ◽

The Other ◽

Third Party ◽

Legal Basis ◽

Federal Law ◽

Federal Level ◽

Legal Problems ◽

German Constitution ◽

Damage Claims

This thesis analyzes liability between the federal and the state in the execution of federal law in Germany. Under the German constitution the federal and the state level share the task of executing federal law. In doing so they may cause damages to each other. This may occur in the inccorrect administration of funds or taxes of the respective other federal level. Another example are third party damage claims for which the other federal level is liable vis-à-vis third parties. Suchs claim may easily reach high sums. The crucial legal basis for damage claims ist Art. 104a Sec. 5 Sentence 1 Part 2 GG. According to this provision the federal level and the state level shall be liable to one another for ensuring proper administration. This raises numerous legal problems that have not been solved yet.

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On Some Regularities of the Transformation of the Civilizational Idea in Modern Russia

Siberian Journal of Philosophy ◽

10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-3-87-101 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 87-101

Author(s):

M. R. Zazulina

Keyword(s):

Political Identity ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

National State ◽

Economic Issues ◽

Development Path ◽

Political Discourses ◽

Economic Discourses

The paper analyzes the changes in the content of the civilizational idea in modern Russia. It is shown that the substantive changes concern both the traditional fluctuations between the orientation to the European and Eurasian development path, and the emergence of new features, in particular related to environmental and economic issues. At the same time, there is a reconfiguration of the civilizational idea regarding economic and political discourses. There is a fusion of civilizational identity with political identity, which manifests itself in the form of active use of national-state resources for the formation of national-civilizational identity. It is concluded that at the state level, civilizational identity is supported by political and economic discourses, and the Russian-Eurasian discourse itself is being transformed, turning from a discourse about the integration of cultures into a discourse about the integration of economies based on the integration of cultures.

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Medicaid 101: A Primer for Speech-Language Pathologists in Education Settings

Perspectives on School-Based Issues ◽

10.1044/sbi12.1.3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

Janet Deppe ◽

Marie Ireland

Keyword(s):

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Inspector General ◽

Medical Necessity ◽

School Settings ◽

Speech Language Pathologist ◽

School Based ◽

Emerging Trends

This paper will provide the school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP) with an overview of the federal requirements for Medicaid, including provider qualifications, “under the direction of” rule, medical necessity, and covered services. Billing, documentation, and reimbursement issues at the state level will be examined. A summary of the findings of the Office of Inspector General audits of state Medicaid plans is included as well as what SLPs need to do in order to ensure that services are delivered appropriately. Emerging trends and advocacy tools will complete the primer on Medicaid services in school settings.

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