MEDIATION OF ADAPTATION CONFLICTS IN THE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF A MILITARY UNIVERSITY

The article presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of the problem of adaptive conflict of cadets of the first year of training in a military university and the pedagogical method of its solution. The issues of conflict regulation, including adaptation, are quite actively discussed in the psychological discourse in the military team, and they have not yet received sufficient coverage in the pedagogical one. At the same time, the complication of the structure of relations between medical personnel by military personnel actualizes the need to enrich and expand pedagogical knowledge in the military environment. The authors of the article focus on the mediation method, which allows you to build a trajectory of trust in the interaction between both students and trainees, as well as within these groups. Mediation as a pedagogical method is attractive because it provides an opportunity for a meaningful understanding of the concept of mediation in the process of resolving conflicts in the educational environment, and also allows you to build a trajectory of trust in the interaction between students and trainees, as well as between these groups. In a military university, mediation will allow preserving, on the one hand, the traditionalism of the educational and educational environment, and on the other, it will direct its vector to humanization. Special attention is paid to the definition of the conceptual foundations of mediation, as well as the methods by which the method of pedagogical mediation is implemented. According to the authors, the pedagogical method of mediation should solve not only the issue of reducing the terms of adaptation and professional development of future officers, but also resolve the contradiction that has developed in the system of modern military education between the desire to preserve the traditionalism of the educational and educational environment, and the demand of the modern educational space for humanization.

THE PROBLEM OF CONFLICT REGULATION IN THE DR CONGO FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RALPH DARENDORFF'S CONCEPT OF CONFLICT REGULATION

The question of studying the essence of conflict as a process in the context of modern political studies raises the question of applying a new method – an interdisciplinary one based on the synthesis of paradigms and approaches. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to analyze the conflict in this region in the light of the relevance of assessing support strategies in regions with political and military instability in Africa. The purpose of this study is to consider the essential parameters of the conflict process in the DRC, this conflict process is constitutional and one of the bloodiest in the history of independent African states, complicated by a huge number of participants in the conflict at different stages. It is also necessary to analyze the role of the so-called managers in the conflict in the context of the essential transition and political transformation of the Congo after 1960 and the acquisition of formal independence against the background of the continuing expansion of Western corporations into the economic sector of the DRC. The main problem to solve was the need to assess the procedure for resolving conflict contradictions in the DRC and the possibility of reducing the presence of a violent component in the interaction, and the role of socio-political institutions of society that could favorably act as institutions for peace-building and peace enforcement, with the activities of MONUC and the UN as a whole not losing relevance. The main result of the research is the development of the concept of conflict resolution in the DRC, based on the theory of social conflict by R. Darendorf. The author comes to the conclusion that the reduction of violence in the conflict in the DRC and the settlement of the conflict in this region are possible only with proper methodological and theoretical support for the peace-building process. The author also emphasizes the importance of increasing the pace of development of the army and police in the DRC, the importance of the influence of international actors in resolving the conflict through authority, and not through direct intervention in the conflict.

Overcoming Identity Crisis: Limits of Consociationalism and Stagnation in Northern Ireland Conflict Regulation

For many decades, Northern Ireland has been characterized by a tense conflict of identities with frequent outbreaks of political and religious violence. At the end of the 20th century, a consensus was reached between the opposing sides on the need for a peaceful settlement of the contradictions, which was reflected in the 1998 Belfast Agreement. The most important part of the agreement was a transition to the consociational model of governance. Consociationalism was assumed to “cure” the Northern Irish region, save it from violence and antagonism, and help to establish a dialogue between the representatives of the region’s key collective identities — unionists and nationalists. However, although 22 years have passed since the introduction of the consociational system, the settlement of the conflict has not seen any obvious progress. The article attempts to trace the reasons for this state of affairs and, in particular, to find out whether consociational model could, in principle, live up to the expectations. Based on the analysis of the fundamental characteristics of this model, as well as the institutional patterns in the Northern Irish politics, P.Maksimova comes to the conclusion that consociational practices not only failed to contribute to the elimination of the antagonistic moods in the society, but also helped to preserve them. According to the author, consociational system is merely an instrument of crisis management, which, if misinterpreted, can only intensify confrontation and block the final settlement of the conflict. This is exactly what happened in Northern Ireland, where the specific features of the consociational system made it almost impossible to abandon group identities.

New opportunities to redesign the capacity of extension and advisory services amid COVID-19 pandemic

Agricultural extension and advisory services (AEAS) aim to improve the capacity of resource-poor farmers in terms of farm practices and market participation, formation of social groups and pro­ducer associations, conflict regulation and/or overall political empowerment by providing access to the necessary knowledge, information, and technologies. AEAS may also provide important contributions to building the resilience of resource-poor farmers against COVID-19 turbulences by increasing their accessibility to information and inputs. Yet, AEAS globally are under tremendous pressure after the onslaught of COVID-19. Mobility of advisors has been temporarily suspended, regular services have been disrupted, and tension among farmers is on the rise. Farmers and extension personnel are in­creasingly concerned that a continuing pandemic will negatively affect productivity, aggravate economic problems, and ultimately threaten the existence of many farm enterprises. . . .

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF CONFLICTS: BASIC APPROACHES AND RESEARCH PROBLEMS

The paper presents the results of a research of ideas about the political institutionalization that have developed within the framework of the conflict theory and the neo-institutional theory. This article aims to determine the correlation between theoretical approaches in the study of the problems of political institutionalization of conflicts, in particular, in the interaction of institutions of various types. The research method is a comparative analysis of the main provisions of these two approaches. It was revealed that the problem of conflict regulation is most often solved in a normative way. The main methodological differences are associated with the choice of the research objects. In the theory of conflict, researchers focus on the possibilities giving the conflict a regulated and constructive character. The nature of the regulatory impact is not critical. From the neoinstitutionalists' point of view, the nature of political institutions and the possibility of combining different types of institutionalization are of decisive importance. Conflicts are considered along with other processes that need to be regulated. The possibility of overcoming them within the framework of political institutions is included. Simultaneously, a conflict can be stimulated by a clash of norms, and the process of institutionalization itself has a potential for conflict.

Legal Regulation and the Juridification of Party Governance

Although democratic states increasingly regulate political parties, we know little about how legal environments shape parties' internal lives. This article conceptualizes and measures the "juridification" of party organizations' conflict regulation regimes: that is, the extent to which parties replicate external legal standards (e.g. norms of due process) within their own procedures. Formulating hypotheses on juridification within different parties and legal environments, we examine intra-party juridification across four democracies with most different party law provisions. While party juridification varies—reflecting parties' ideological differences—in contexts where organizational governance remains unregulated, once intra-organizational governance is subject to statutory constraints, parties emulate legal norms embedded in the state legal system, transcending what is legally required, which has important repercussions for how the law shapes civil society organizations generally.