A Physiological Study of Mosquito Larvae which were treated with Anti-malarial Oils

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Officer ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
New Method ◽  
Physiological Study ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
The West ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Standing Water

On 25th August 1914, the medical officer in charge of a rubber estate in Malaya wrote to the manager a report about a new method of polluting Anopheline breeding-places: “It will interest your Directors to learn that by oiling with the mixture in use on Sungei Way, one of the ravines in the West Divisions has been kept free from Anopheles for several months. Formerly they bred freely in it. I am encouraged to think that this is not merely due to the physical difficulty the larvae would have of getting air when oil is on the water, but that some change has actually taken place in the water as a consequence of the oil, and a change which would make it uncongenial to the stream-breeding mosquito. My reason for thinking this is that in the bottom of the ravine a green slime has developed, in the presence of which I have never found dangerous anophelines” (Watson, M. 1921). Before 1914 oil had been used on standing water, and poisons had been used in running water (Howard, Dyar & Knab, 1912) to reduce the breeding of mosquitoes. But this discovery, that it could be effectively and economically used even on fast-flowing streams to control Anopheles, made the use of oil par excellence the great standby in emergencies of malaria; while it may be the method of choice if control measures are only required for two or three months in each year.

Diplomacy Beyond History: Analytic-Violence, Producer-Centred Research, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097492842098307
Author(s):  
Deep K. Datta-Ray
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nuclear Diplomacy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

The history of Indian diplomacy conceptualises diplomacy racially—as invented by the West—and restrictively—to offence. This is ‘analytic-violence’ and it explains the berating of Indians for mimicking diplomacy incorrectly or unthinkingly, and the deleting, dismissing, or denigrating, of diplomatic practices contradicting history’s conception. To relieve history from these offences, a new method is presented, ‘Producer-Centred Research’ (PCR). Initiating with abduction, an insight into a problem—in this case Indian diplomacy’s compromised historicisation—PCR solves it by converting history’s racist rationality into ‘rationalities’. The plurality renders rationality one of many, permitting PCR’s searching for rationalities not as a function of rationality but robust practices explicable in producer’s terms. Doing so is exegesis. It reveals India’s nuclear diplomacy as unique, for being organised by defence, not offence. Moreover, offence’s premise of security as exceeding opponent’s hostility renders it chimerical for such a security is, paradoxically, reliant on expanding arsenals. Additionally, doing so is a response to opponents. This fragments sovereignty and abdicates control for one is dependent on opponent’s choices. Defence, however, does not instigate opponents and so really delivers security by minimising arsenals since offence is eschewed. Doing so is not a response to opponents and so maintains sovereignty and retains control by denying others the right to offense. The cost of defence is courage, for instance, choosing to live in the shadow of nuclear annihilation. Exegesis discloses Balakot as a shift from defence to offence, so to relieve the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) leadership of having to be courageous. The intensity of the intention to discard courage is apparent in the price the BJP paid. This included equating India with Pakistan, permitting it to escalate the conflict, and so imperiling all humanity in a manner beyond history.

scholarly journals On What Scale Can We Predict the Agronomic Onset of the West African Monsoon?

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1571-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory G. J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Caroline L. Bain ◽  
Peter Knippertz ◽  
John H. Marsham ◽  
Douglas J. Parker
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
West African Monsoon ◽  
West African ◽  
New Method ◽  
The West ◽  
African Monsoon ◽  
Spatial Consistency ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Local Rainfall

Abstract Accurate prediction of the commencement of local rainfall over West Africa can provide vital information for local stakeholders and regional planners. However, in comparison with analysis of the regional onset of the West African monsoon, the spatial variability of the local monsoon onset has not been extensively explored. One of the main reasons behind the lack of local onset forecast analysis is the spatial noisiness of local rainfall. A new method that evaluates the spatial scale at which local onsets are coherent across West Africa is presented. This new method can be thought of as analogous to a regional signal against local noise analysis of onset. This method highlights regions where local onsets exhibit a quantifiable degree of spatial consistency (denoted local onset regions or LORs). It is found that local onsets exhibit a useful amount of spatial agreement, with LORs apparent across the entire studied domain; this is in contrast to previously found results. Identifying local onset regions and understanding their variability can provide important insight into the spatial limit of monsoon predictability. While local onset regions can be found over West Africa, their size is much smaller than the scale found for seasonal rainfall homogeneity. A potential use of local onset regions is presented that shows the link between the annual intertropical front progression and local agronomic onset.

scholarly journals Titus Phase Archeology at the S. Stockade Site (41TT865) on Tankersley Creek, Titus County, Texas

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Bo Nelson ◽  
LeeAnna Schniebs
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
The West ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Small Rise ◽  
Dense Concentration

The S. Stockade site was discovered on a small rise (330 feet amsl) in the Tankersley Creek floodplain during a recent archeological survey for the Texas Department of Transportation. Tankersley Creek is a southward-flowing tributary to Big Cypress Creek, and enters that creek’s floodplain a few miles below the Lake Bob Sandlin dam. There is a dense concentration of prehistoric archeological sites throughout the Tankersley Creek valley, particularly post-A.D. 800 Caddo Indian sites. This paper discusses the archeology of the S. Stockade site, a Late Caddoan Titus phase settlement. The rise at the S. Stockade site is grass-covered (with a surface visibility of less than 10%), except along the eroded slopes, where the clay B-horizon subsoil is exposed. The old creek channel immediately to the west of the rise has recently been channelized, and between the rise and the channelized creek are several low-lying marshy areas with standing water.

scholarly journals PERDEBATAN PENGGUNAAN HERMENEUTIKA SEBAGAI METODE PENAFSIRAN AL-QUR'AN

ALQALAM ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
MASRUKHIN MUHSIN
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
New Method ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
To Come

The word hermeneutics derives from the Greek verb, hermeneuin. It means to interpret and to translate. Hermeneutics is divided into three kinds: the theory of hermeneutics, the philosophy hermeneutics, and the critical hermenmtics. Hasan Hanfi is known as the first scholar who introduces hermeneutics in the Islamic World through his work dealing with the new method of interpretation. Nashr Hamid Abu-Zaid is another figure who has much studied hermenmtics in the classical interpretation. Ali Harb is a figure who also much involved in discussing the critism of text even though he does not fully concern on literature or art, but on the thoughts. Muslim thinker who has similar view with Ali Harab in seeing that the backwardness of Arab-Islam from the West is caused by the system of thoguht used by Arah-Muslim not able to come out of obstinary and taqlid is Muhammad Syahmr. On the other side, ones who refuse hermeneutics argue that since its heginning, hermeneutics must be studied suspiciously because it is not derived from the Islamic tradition, but from the unbeliever scientific tradition, Jews and Chrtians in which they use it as a method to interpret the Bible. Practically, in interpreting the Qur'an, hermeneutics even strengthens something, namely the hegemony of scularism-liberalism in the Muslim World that Muslims must actually destroy. Keywords: Hermeneutics, Tafsir, al qur'an

scholarly journals The Analysis of Residents’ Behavior, The Condition of Ratproofing Houses and Their Effects on the Incidence of Leptospirosis Cases in Ponorogo Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Hanifah Agda Nursitasari
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
P Value ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Hands And Feet

Leptospirosis is a disease with high fatality, it is transmitted by animals infected with Leptospira bacteria either through direct or indirect contact. Ponorogo is one of endemic areas to Leptospirosis whereas the incidence of this zoonotic disease reported annually. The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of respondents and ratproofing house conditions against the incidence of leptospirosis in Ponorogo Regency. This research was an observational study with case control research design (ratio of 1: 3 with a comparison of the number of cases of 9 participants and control of 27 participants). The data were obtained by observation and interviews using observation sheets and questionnaires as instruments to obtain information about respondents' behavior and the condition of rats-free houses. The results of statistical tests using chi square showed that contact with standing water is significantly associated with the Leptospiroris incidence with OR = 10.0 (p value=0.03, 95% CI = 1,1 – 91,4) and condition of sewage system (SPAL) also significantly associated with OR = 0.10 (p value 0.02;) 95% CI: 0,01 – 0,79). Poor personal habits such as contact with standing water after working has positive association with odds ratio 10 times higher of causing leptospirosis and the condition of house sewage system (SPAL) that are covered by sewage nets to prevent the entry of mice into the house has negative association or a protective factor against the occurrence of leptospirosis. Suggestions that can be given are educating the general public within the observation area about the dangers of leptospirosis and its prevention, improving the diagnostic ability of Leptosirosis in the Primary Health Care (Puskesmas), improving daily residents behavior or habits by rinsing hands and feet in running water using soap, and closing wire gutters to prevent access rat into the house.

Population Estimate of the Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the West Indies by Visual and Acoustic Techniques

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Winn ◽  
R. K. Edel ◽  
A. G. Taruski
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
New Method ◽  
Population Estimate ◽  
The West ◽  
Acoustic Techniques

Visual track census and a new method, acoustic counting, were used to estimate the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) population in the West Indies. Results produced by the two methods differed to some extent. The average or best estimate was 1018 whales with a range of 785–1157. Silver and Navidad banks, containing approximately 85% of the total population, are presently the major nursery grounds in the West Indies. The humpback whale population in the western North Atlantic has increased since the early part of the century.

Florida Container Mosquitoes

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
L. Philip Lounibos ◽  
Eva A. Buckner
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Aquatic Habitat ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Container Mosquitoes ◽  
Artificial Water

Container mosquitoes inhabit small natural and artificial water-filled vessels during their immature stages. This publication lists and illustrates fifteen species of them, including two exotics that are the most important vector species of dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. It also describes available control measures, the best for homeowners being to eliminate aquatic habitat by draining standing water in containers near homes.

Notes on the Breeding-habits of Two Mosquitos

1927 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-409
Author(s):  
L. D. Cleare
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
The North ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Aedes Taeniorhynchus ◽  
Sea Wall ◽  
Sketch Map

The observations herein recorded were carried out on a portion of the foreshore and of the low-lying front-lands in the vicinity of Georgetown, British Guiana, during the months of January, 1925, and July and August, 1926. The results obtained appear to be of sufficient interest to warrant their being placed on record as throwing further light on the breeding-habits of two important mosquitos of this Colony, namely, Anopheles tarsimaculatus, Goeldi, and Aëdes taeniorhynchus, Wied.The principal area in which the investigations were carried out is situated to the north of Kitty Village outside of the Sea Wall and is bounded on the south by that wall, on the west by the Kitty Groyne, and on the east by another groyne (Case Groyne) erected a few years ago as part of the sea-defences. The area measures roughly from east to west about 700 yards and from north to south about 200 yards at its greatest width, and about 60 yards at its narrowest part, these being situated at the western and eastern boundaries respectively. The accompanying sketch-map gives a general plan of the area. The places from which mosquito larvae were collected are indicated on the plan, Anopheles by black spots, Aëdes by concentric rings.

A New Method on Low-Cycle Corrosion Fatigue of Pipelines Taking Strain as Parameter

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
Wen Jun Bi ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Ying Jin
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Corrosion Fatigue ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
New Method ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
The West ◽  
Transport Project ◽  
Welded Pipe

As for the more and more severe corrosion fatigue of pipelines in service and the results of the former analyzing means and tests, a new method was brought forward to study the low-cycle corrosion fatigue by using a large pure-bended sample (480 mm×38 mm×12 mm). The experimental samples were obtained from the gas-transmission spiral welded pipe (X65) used in the west-east gas transport project of China. The experiential formula about crack growth speed, , is established via the experimental results under two different environments of air and 3% NaCl solution, and the two constants of a and b were identified.

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