Diplomacy Beyond History: Analytic-Violence, Producer-Centred Research, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097492842098307
Author(s):  
Deep K. Datta-Ray
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nuclear Diplomacy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

The history of Indian diplomacy conceptualises diplomacy racially—as invented by the West—and restrictively—to offence. This is ‘analytic-violence’ and it explains the berating of Indians for mimicking diplomacy incorrectly or unthinkingly, and the deleting, dismissing, or denigrating, of diplomatic practices contradicting history’s conception. To relieve history from these offences, a new method is presented, ‘Producer-Centred Research’ (PCR). Initiating with abduction, an insight into a problem—in this case Indian diplomacy’s compromised historicisation—PCR solves it by converting history’s racist rationality into ‘rationalities’. The plurality renders rationality one of many, permitting PCR’s searching for rationalities not as a function of rationality but robust practices explicable in producer’s terms. Doing so is exegesis. It reveals India’s nuclear diplomacy as unique, for being organised by defence, not offence. Moreover, offence’s premise of security as exceeding opponent’s hostility renders it chimerical for such a security is, paradoxically, reliant on expanding arsenals. Additionally, doing so is a response to opponents. This fragments sovereignty and abdicates control for one is dependent on opponent’s choices. Defence, however, does not instigate opponents and so really delivers security by minimising arsenals since offence is eschewed. Doing so is not a response to opponents and so maintains sovereignty and retains control by denying others the right to offense. The cost of defence is courage, for instance, choosing to live in the shadow of nuclear annihilation. Exegesis discloses Balakot as a shift from defence to offence, so to relieve the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) leadership of having to be courageous. The intensity of the intention to discard courage is apparent in the price the BJP paid. This included equating India with Pakistan, permitting it to escalate the conflict, and so imperiling all humanity in a manner beyond history.

scholarly journals The Psychoprophylactic Method of Painless Childbirth in Socialist Czechoslovakia: from State Propaganda to Activism of Enthusiasts

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Hrešanová
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
The West ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Pharmacological Method ◽  
Insight Into

This paper explores the history of the ‘psychoprophylactic method of painless childbirth’ in socialist Czechoslovakia, in particular, in the Czech and Moravian regions of the country, showing that it substantially differs from the course that the method took in other countries. This non-pharmacological method of pain relief originated in the USSR and became well known as the Lamaze method in western English-speaking countries. Use of the method in Czechoslovakia, however, followed a very different path from both the West, where its use was refined mainly outside the biomedical frame, and the USSR, where it ceased to be pursued as a scientific method in the 1950s after Stalin’s death. The method was imported to Czechoslovakia in the early 1950s and it was politically promoted as Soviet science’s gift to women. In the 1960s the method became widespread in practice but research on it diminished and, in the 1970s, its use declined too. However, in the 1980s, in the last decade of the Communist regime, the method resurfaced in the pages of Czechoslovak medical journals and underwent an exciting renaissance, having been reintroduced by a few enthusiastic individuals, most of them women. This article explores the background to the renewed interest in the method while providing insight into the wider social and political context that shaped socialist maternity and birth care in different periods.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Katarak Kongenital di RSUD Provinsi NTB Periode 2018-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 946-956
Author(s):  
Rani Salsabilla ◽  
Marie Yuni Andari ◽  
Monalisa Nasrul
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Congenital Cataracts ◽  
Natural Birth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Descriptive Method

Congenital cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in children. Lens opacity in early life has the potential to cause permanent visual impairment if not treated promptly. Cataract surgery performed at the right time can prevent children from amblyopia (lazy eye). This study aims to determine the characteristics of congenital cataracts at the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial General Hospital in the 2018-2019 period. This research uses descriptive method. The data used is secondary data from medical records of congenital cataract patients at the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial General Hospital in the 2018-2019 period. In the 2018-2019 period, 40 children had congenital cataracts. Most of the cataract sufferers were women (52.5%); living outside the city of Mataram (92.5%) with an age distribution of under 12 months (95%) and the rest over 12 months. For infants under 12 months, 53 percent have been diagnosing at the age of 1-2 months. The characteristics of congenital cataracts found were generally bilateral (52.5%), had standard birth weight (52.5%), history of natural birth delivery (67.5%), and had other extraocular congenital abnormalities (72.5%). Most patients with congenital cataracts in the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial General Hospital have been diagnosing at a (pretty/moderately) early age of 1-2 months at the beginning of their lives. So, with appropriate and prompt therapy, hoping that it can reduce the risk of amblyopia.

scholarly journals Immunooncology: Can the Right Chimeric Antigen Receptors T-Cell Design Be Made to Cure All Types of Cancers and Will It Be Covered?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Au
Keyword(s):  
Cell Design ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Antigen Receptors ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptors ◽  
Look Back ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
History Of Cancer

Immunooncology (IO) is the buzz word today and it has everyone doing IO research. If we look back at the history of cancer treatment, the survival rate was measured in months which, according to oncologists, was a lot back then because the mortality rate in most cancers was 100%. However, most traditional chemotherapies were not well tolerated because they would kill both cancerous and healthy cells, which lead to major side effects such as loss of hair, nausea and vomiting, and risk of infection. Survival was better but not much better depending on the type of cancer and the patient’s own genetic and physiological make-up. IO therapies target specific receptors on the cancer cells. However, with more advance technologies, the cost to develop these types of therapies increases significantly because the biology is more complex and it is more difficult to produce. Find out why these therapies are more complex and therefore more expensive. But the enhanced efficacy of these therapies does justify the cost.

Recognition, Deference, and Respect: Generalizing the Lessons of an Asymmetric Asian Order

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brantly Womack
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Meiji Japan ◽  
End Of History ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The End Of History ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractAs many distinguished academics and officials have pointed out, the current rise of China is not a completely new phenomenon, but rather the return of China to a position of regional centrality and world economic share that were considered normal less than two hundred years ago.1 This fact underlines the importance of history in putting the present into perspective, and at the same time, to the extent that all history is history of the present, it requires a reevaluation of the structure of China's traditional relationships. Hitherto, China's place in modern social science has been in an exotic corner, a failed oriental despotism. To be sure, traditional China did collapse, and today's China is a different China rising in a different world. We might assume that China is rising now precisely because of its differences from traditional China, that it is the last step toward the end of history rather than a resonance with the past. However, the convenience of such an assumption makes it suspect. If China is simply the latest avatar of Western modernity, then it requires of the West some readjustment, but not rethinking. However, the only certainty about China's rise is that it is a complex phenomenon, and the convenience of constructions such as China-as-Prussia or China-as-Meiji Japan derives from their preemption of open-ended study rather than from their insight into complexity. To the extent that China is China, both past and present require reconsideration.

The Soviet Approach to the Right of Peoples to Self-determination: Russia’s Farewell to jus publicum europaeum

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Mälksoo
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The West ◽  
The Real ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
The Right

The aim of this article is to explore the theory and practice of the Soviet position on the right of peoples to self-determination in 1917 and afterwards. It is a misunderstanding to mention Lenin’s (the Bolsheviks’) and Wilson’s concepts of self-determination in one breath, as ‘precursors’ in international law. The Soviet concept of the right of peoples to self-determination was adopted for tactical and propagandistic purposes, and it had little in common with the liberal democratic concept of this right that saw the right of peoples to self-determination as an end in itself. The real contribution of the Russian Bolsheviks to the history of international law has, to some extent, been overlooked. Throughout the 20th century, the West and the ussr had different regional standards and usages of the right of peoples to self-determination, thus presenting a continuous challenge to the idea of the universality of international law.

scholarly journals THE FOURTH BASTION OF SEVASTOPOL: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERY OF 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
В. Л. Мыц ◽  
С. Л. Соловьев ◽  
А. Ф. Покровская ◽  
Н. Ф. Соловьева
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Adaptive Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

В 2018-2019 гг. основным объектом исследований Севастопольской экспедиции ИИМК РАН стали оборонительные сооружения, расположенные на Историческом бульваре г. Севастополя. Археологические раскопки Четвертого бастиона позволили проследить историю его строительства. Впервые были получены достоверные данные о местоположении, характере и конструкции основных элементов фортификации правого фланга 4-го бастиона: валганга, горжи, эскарпа и контрэскарпа. Открыты орудийные дворики, части бруствера с орудийными амбразурами, вспомогательные площадки для размещения боеприпасов, погреба для хранения пороха и бомб, блиндажи для личного состава. Во рву обнаружены вырубленные в скале навесы-убежища и 14 входов в контрминные галереи, потайной ход для скрытного перемещения войск. В ходе раскопок собрана представительная археологическая коллекция предметов войны и быта защитников бастиона и их противников, достойная пополнить экспозиции музеев Севастополя, посвященных его обороне в годы Крымской войны. В 2019 г. специалистами ИИМК РАН и Эрмитажа разработана и представлена в Министерство культуры РФ концепция музеефикации и приспособления для современного использования выявленных сооружений в районе правого фаса 4-го бастиона на Мемориальном комплексе памятников обороны города в 1854-1855 гг. «Исторический бульвар» (г. Севастополь). In 2018-2019 defensive fortifications located in the Istoricheskiy (Historical) Boulevard of Sevastopol (Fig. 1) became the main object of excavations carried out by the Sevastopol expedition of the Institute for the History of Material Culture (RAS). The archaeological excavations of the fourth bastion provide an insight into the history of its construction. Reliable data on location, characteristic features and technical design of the key fortification elements of the bastion right flank such as terreplein, neck line, escarp and counterscarp were obtained for the first time. The excavations revealed gun positions, parts of breastwork with gun ports, auxiliary areas for ammunition storage, a magazin for gun powder and bombs, dugout shelters for manpower. Shelter awnings cut out in rock and 14 entries into countermine galleries as well as a secret passage for surreptitious movements of troops (Fig. 3; 4) were identified. A representative archaeological assembly of war items and paraphernalia of bastion defenders and their enemy was collected during the excavations. It will replenish expositions of the Sevastopol museums dedicated to its defense in the Crimean war (Figs. 5-8). In 2019 specialists of the Institute for the History of Material Culture prepared a concept note for museification and adaptive use of constructions discovered in the right side of the fourth bastion at the 1854-1855 Memorial Ensemble of the City Defense Sites known as ‘the Historical Boulevard' (Sevastopol). The concept note was forwarded to the Russian Ministry of Culture.

scholarly journals Michael Vinson. Bluffing Texas Style: The Arsons, Forgeries, and High-Stakes Poker Capers of Rare Book Dealer Johnny Jenkins.

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Brian Shetler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
New Yorker ◽  
Short Text ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Career ◽  
Insight Into

The story of Johnny Jenkins, rare book dealer, forger, gambler, and misterioso, has haunted me since my days in library school nearly a decade ago. I first encountered Jenkins through his publication Rare Books and Manuscript Thefts: A Security System for Librarians, Booksellers, and Collectors, which was printed in 1982 while Jenkins served as president of the Antiquarian Booksellers Association of America (ABAA). I was doing research related to the history of book theft in the United States and found Jenkins’s short text (only 27 pages) to be a helpful insight into how the ABAA viewed book theft and security. Pursuing Jenkins a bit further, I quickly came upon Calvin Trillin’s fascinating 1989 New Yorker article that chronicled Jenkins’s demise. The details of Jenkins’s secret life of forgeries, gambling, and arson were fascinating; the details of his death (shot in the back of the head, no weapon found, ruled a suicide?) were macabre and confounding. A few years later, while on break at a conference in Austin, TX, I walked into a used bookstore and found a copy of Jenkins’s Audubon and Other Capers (1976), which told the tale of his exploits in helping the FBI track down book thieves in the early 1970s. The completely contradictory life that Jenkins led, coupled with his untimely and odd death, stuck in my brain in the form of unanswered questions, unclear details, and an unresolved murder or suicide. While it was not up to me to put the pieces together and offer a clear picture of Johnny Jenkins’s life, career, and death, it had to be done by someone. That someone, it turns out, was another rare book dealer specializing in Texas and the West, Michael Vinson.

scholarly journals Reconsidering Inclusion: Western theory and post-Soviet reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Hallett ◽  
David Allan ◽  
Graham Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Political History ◽  
The West ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Western Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Insight Into

This article analyses the views of individuals from a post-Soviet context in order to better understand current thinking around difference and disability. In this study, the multiplicity of human experience articulated by the research participants highlights immediate, rather than philosophical, priorities. The particular social, cultural and political history of the Republic of Armenia offers an insight into the challenges of, and opportunities for, the development of inclusive practices in the former Soviet Union. As such, it could be argued that the West has much to learn from national contexts that might be dismissed as exclusionary.

scholarly journals The Pliocene-Pleistocene Development, Uplift and Emergence History of the Manawatu Strait, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aidan Milner
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
The West ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

<p>The Manawatu Saddle is located within the structural and topographical low separating the Ruahine and Tararua axial ranges of the lower North Island. Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary rocks unconformably drape over Cretaceous aged basement rock in the structural low and record the existence of a paleo seaway known as the Manawatu Strait, which connected the West Coast (Whanganui Basin) to the East Coast (Ruataniwha Strait). The sedimentary sequence shows a succession of alternating marine and terrestrial units recording the development of the Manawatu Strait. These sedimentary rock formations range in age from Opoitian to Castlecliffian.   This study investigates the stratigraphy, lithofacies and resulting geological history of the Manawatu Strait spanning the development, uplift and final emergence history of the strait. Five key measured sections were constructed to take advantage of new outcrop exposure allowed detailed descriptions of the Manawatu Saddle geology to be presented. Four formations are identified and the formation boundary overlaps between past authors is constrained based on field observations. The age range for each formation is also constrained. Based on these results for the first time a detailed lithofacies scheme is applied to the sedimentary rocks within the Manawatu Saddle to understand the changing depositional environments within the Manawatu Strait throughout its development and uplift. A series of 3D schematic paleogeographic figures are presented showing the depositional environments within the Manawatu Strait, at key time intervals.   Results highlighted by this thesis show four major formations within the Manawatu Saddle. The oldest formation, the Mangatoro Formation (Opoitian), records the initial formation of the Manawatu Strait attributed to a regional subsidence event known as the Tangahoe pull down event. The Mangatoro Formation also shows sedimentary deposited during peak marine transgression within the Manawatu Strait. The Te Aute Formation (Waipipian-Mangapanian) provides an insight into the uplift timing of the axial ranges and the resulting effect on the Manawatu Strait. The Kumeroa Formation (Nukumaruan) shows the influence of eustatic sea level change in the Manawatu Saddle. The youngest formation within the Manawatu Saddle is the Mangatarata Formation (Castlecliffian), and marks the final uplift and emergence of the Manawatu Strait, indicated by the presence of marginal marine lithofacies this also marks the final separation of the West Coast (Rauataniwha Strait) and West Coast (Whanganui Basin).</p>

scholarly journals Observations on the permanency of the variation of the compass at Jamaica. In a letter from Mr. James Robertson to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, K. B. P. R. S. &c

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 241-242
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Short History ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Considerable Period ◽  
Boundary Lines

The object of Mr. Robertson, who resided in Jamaica, as a King’s Surveyor of Land, upwards of twenty years, is to show that no alteration has, for a considerable period, taken place there in the va­riation of the compass. In that island all grants of land have a dia­gram thereof annexed to the patent, which diagram is delineated from an actual survey of the land to be granted, and has a meridional line, according to the magnetical needle, laid down upon it; but no notice is taken of the true meridian. The boundary lines are marked upon the land; and in all disputes where the keeping up of these lines been neglected, surveyors are appointed to make actual re­surveys, which are compared with those preserved in the secretary of the island’s office; and it is expected that the lines and meridians of the former will coincide with those of the latter. It is evident, however, that this coincidence could not happen if any alteration in the variation had taken place in the interval between the two sur­veys. Mr. Robertson’s business, as a surveyor, having been very ex­tensive, he has had many opportunities of investigating the fact here treated of; and it appears from his observations, that the courses of the lines and meridians delineated on diagrams annexed to patents granted so long ago as the year 1660, coincide with, and are parallel to, the lines and meridians delineated on the re-surveys annexed to deeds, &c., or on the new diagrams, from recent surveys made by means of the magnetical needle, consequently no variation of the needle could have taken place, in Jamaica, during the above period of time. Our author subjoins to his paper a short history of the practice of surveying in Jamaica, from the Restoration to the present time, in order to obviate any doubt whether the quantity of the magnetical variation was not ascertained and allowed for in the first diagrams annexed to patents; and whether the present variation of 65 degrees east, might not then have agreed with the true meridian. He re­marks, that until the year 1700, when Dr. Halley published his theory of the variation of the compass, no observations to ascertain the quantity of the variation in the West Indies had (so far as he knows) been published; and the variation at Jamaica, as laid down by Dr. Halley, appears to have been the same as it is at present. Be­sides, had the first surveyors allowed for the variation, in delineating their diagrams, they would not have omitted to mention it; and the same system of surveying would have been continued, since a dif­ference of 65° would have so totally deranged all boundaries, as to have demanded legislative interference and correction. But no in­ stance of this kind has occurred.

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