The influence of weather and time of day on trap catches of males and females of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Vogt ◽  
T. L. Woodburn ◽  
R. Morton ◽  
B. A. Ellem
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractDifferences in responses of males and females of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) to carrion-baited traps were examined in Australia in relation to time of day, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and solar radiation. The differences were small compared with responses obtained for the combined sexes (total catch), but the results were inconsistent over the four seasons of trapping. The seasons with most data (1975–1976 and 1981–1982) gave reasonably consistent results. Seasonal differences, although significant, were small enough to neglect for the purpose of standardizing trap catches. Time-of-day effects were also unimportant, except that males tended to be less active than females during the early morning (dawn-0900 h) and more active than females during the late afternoon (1500 h-dusk). Separate models are presented for standardization of male and female catch rates; the estimates differ from those obtained from total catches, but the differences are small compared to the observed day-to-day variation in catch rates.

Influences of weather and time of day on trap catches of bush fly,Musca vetustissima Walker (Diptera: Muscidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
New South ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractField populations of Musca vetustissima Walker were sampled in a region of New South Wales at 2-h intervals on 35 occasions between spring 1984 and autumn 1985 using wind-oriented fly traps. Ambient temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind speed explained 84·3% of the within-day deviance of total catches (both sexes combined). Temperature and solar radiation jointly explained 82·6% of this deviance (71·1 and 11·5%, respectively), indicating that the other variables, although significant, did not greatly affect trap catches. As air temperature increased, log catch rates increased non-linearly up to a maximum at 27·5°C and declined thereafter. Log catch rates increased linearly as solar radiation increased and declined linearly as relative humidity and wind speed increased. Changes in log catch rates with time of day were explained almost entirely by the four weather variables, i.e. when weather effects were removed, time of day effects were no longer significant. These weather variables also accounted for 79·9% of the between-day variation in logarithms of trap catches. Relative responses of males and females to traps differed significantly with respect to relative humidity, wind speed and time of day. Male catches tended to increase relative to female catches between 1200 h and 1800 h and also declined more slowly with increases in relative humidity and wind speed. Separate models are presented for standardization of male and female catch rates; the estimates differ from those obtained from observed sex ratios and total catch rates, but the differences are small compared to the observed day-to-day variation in catch rates.

Catchability of the southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii. I. Effects of sex, season and catch history

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Ziegler ◽  
S. D. Frusher ◽  
C. R. Johnson ◽  
C. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Length ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Trap Catches

Seasonal variation in catchability of the southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii, was estimated in a scientific reserve in south-east Tasmania by comparing estimates of lobster density based on direct visual observations underwater with concomitant estimates from trapping surveys. Underwater density estimates of undersized and legal-sized male and female lobsters >80 mm carapace length, did not change significantly over the 14-month study period, with the exception of undersized males (≤110 mm carapace length). Sex ratios remained constant at approximately 1 : 1. In marked contrast, catch rates of males and females and the sex ratio of trapped lobsters varied strongly with season, implying that catchability varies seasonally and with sex. Catchability of males and females was highest in early summer and lowest in winter. Impact of capture on subsequent catchability appeared to be weak, since the ratios of tagged animals in the population observed underwater generally reflected recapture rates of tagged animals in trap catches. Recapture rates increased with size and were higher for medium-sized and large males than for similar-sized females. However, for each particular sex-size group, recapture rates remained relatively constant throughout the study period.

The analysis and standardisation of trap catches of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Vogt ◽  
T. L. Woodburn ◽  
R Morton ◽  
B. A. Ellem
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractField populations of Lucilia cuprina (Wied.) in New South Wales were sampled for periods of 3 h on numerous occasions between 1975 and 1982 using West Australian blowfly traps. Ambient temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and solar radiation explained 77·4% of the within-day deviance of the catches. Temperature alone accounted for 74·9% of this deviance, indicating that the other variables, although significant, did not greatly affect trap catches. As air temperatures increased, log catch rates increased linearly up to 26°C and then remained constant up to 35°C. Wind speeds above 25 m/s caused a linear decline in log catch rates. Log catch rates increased linearly as solar radiation increased and decreased linearly as relative humidity increased. Changes in catch rates with time of day were explained almost entirely by the four weather variables, i.e. there was no evidence that intrinsic behavioural changes with time of day affected catch rates. The combined effects of the four weather variables accounted for 47·1 % of the between-day variation in trap catches. Trap catches that have been standardised, i.e. adjusted to a ‘ standard’ set of weather conditions, provide relative measures of population size which differ from absolute measures by a constant (unknown) scaling factor.

Observations on the Mating Habits of Dasymutilla formicalia Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 411-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Linsley ◽  
J. W. MacSwain ◽  
Ray F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Large Concentration ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Males And Females

At a locality nine miles southwest of Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico, a number of females of Dasymutilla formicalia Rohwer and males of D. pallida Mickel were observed around our campsite during the second week of August, 1954. However, all of the males and most of the females were active only in the early morning and late afternoon. On August 10th, in a dirt roadway about three-quarters of a mile from camp an unusually large concentration of these mutillids was discovered at about 6 p.m. Since but a single species of Dasymutilla appeared to be involved the following observations on the activities of the males and females were recorded.

Calibration of trap catches and net catches for estimating population densities of the bush fly Musca vetustissima (Diptera: Muscidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.G. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractPopulation densities of male and female Musca vetustissima Walker were estimated from recapture rates of marked flies in baited fly traps. Marked flies of laboratory and field origin were equally trappable. Trap catches of field flies were also compared with net catches for which the human collector was the source of attraction, and relationships are presented for estimating population densities based on both sampling methods. Estimates of fly density from trap and net catches at fixed locations have similar precision, coefficients of variation being approximately 55% for both males and females of M. vetustissima. Comparison of estimated fly densities (flies/ha) and annoyance indices, estimated numbers of flies approaching a collector each minute at 29.5°C, in ‘good’ and ‘bad’ fly years suggests that M. vetustissima is a potential nuisance whenever population densities exceed 1000 flies/ha.

THE USE OF MONOTERPENES AS KAIROMONES BY IPS LATIDENS (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Miller ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ips Latidens ◽  
Differential Responses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractThe responses of Ips latidens (LeConte) to multiple-funnel traps baited with various monoterpenes were determined in stands of lodgepole pine in British Columbia. β-Phellandrene was attractive to I. latidens in the absence of the pheromone ipsenol. β-Phellandrene increased the attraction of I. latidens to ipsenol-baited traps while α-pinene, 3-carene, terpinolene, and myrcene reduced trap catches. Differential responses by males and females to sources of ipsenol with or without β-phellandrene suggest that the information conveyed to males differs from that conveyed to females. Species-specific responses to monoterpenes by I. latidens and three sympatric species of scolytids suggest that unique combinations of kairomones could be important in facilitating matings with conspecifics. Pheromones need not be the sole constituent of species-specific chemical messages.

Effects of Time of Day, Introversion and Neuroticism on Selectivity in Memory and Attention

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Interference Condition ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Task Priority

Two experiments examined the effects of time of day, introversion and neuroticism on selectivity in memory and attention. The first experiment showed that none of these factors interacted with task priority, which suggests that such variables do not produce the same changes in selectivity as do exogenous factors such as noise. In Exp. 2, colour names were read more quickly in the late afternoon than in the early morning, whereas patches of colour were named more quickly in the morning. Results from the Stroop interference condition showed that subjects classified as extraverts on the basis of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire scores were less susceptible to distraction than those scored as introverts, but the size of this effect was influenced both by time of day and by whether the subjects scored as stable or neurotic on the questionnaire.

Effects of bait age on the number, sex, and age composition of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Western Australian blowfly traps

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Vogt ◽  
TL Woodburn
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Western Australian

Daily catches of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, in Western Australian blowfly traps were not significantly affected by exposing the baits in traps for up to 3 days in the field before trapping. Exposure of the baits for longer periods significantly increased the daily catch totals of both sexes. Baits with a mean exposure time before trapping of 7 days (old baits) returned significantly higher catches than baits with a zero exposure time (fresh baits): 5-fold and 3-fold increases, respectively, for males and females. Exposure of baits for only 1 day was sufficient to produce significant changes in the reproductive age composition of female catches; proportions of newly emerged females increased and proportions of gravid females decreased. Coefficients of variation for old bait/new bait catch ratios were small, 16.4% for males and 12.3% for females, which confirmed that both baits exhibited consistent levels of attractiveness on different trapping dates. Procedures are suggested for estimating population densities of L. cuprina based on trap catches using fresh and old baits.

scholarly journals Long-term Surveillance of Physical Activity Habits of Latinas Enrolled in a 12-Month Physical Activity Intervention

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas J. Carr ◽  
Shira Dunsinger ◽  
Bess H. Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Early Afternoon

Background:Long-term physical activity surveillance has not been conducted among Latinas. This study explored the variability of daily physical activity habits of inactive adult Latinas participating in a 12-month physical activity intervention.Methods:We collected objective physical activity data (pedometer) from 139 Spanish speaking Latinas (age = 41.6 ± 10.1 years; BMI = 29.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2) enrolled in a 12-month physical activity intervention. Total and aerobic steps (>100 steps/minute) were computed by year, season, month, day of week, time of day, and hour.Results:Participants walked an average of 6509 steps/day of which 1303 (20%) were aerobic steps. Significant physical activity differences were observed for subgroups including generational status, education, employment, income, marital status and health literacy. Significant and similar differences were observed for both total steps and aerobic steps for day of the week (weekdays > weekends) and season (summer > spring > fall > winter). Opposing trends were observed over the course of the day for total steps (early afternoon > late morning > late afternoon > early morning > evening) and aerobic steps (early morning > evening > late morning > late afternoon > early afternoon).Conclusions:Both seasonality and week day predicted physical activity habits of Latinas. This is the first long-term study to track daily physical activity habits of Latinas. These data have potential to inform the design of future physical activity interventions targeting Latinas.

The responses of Glossina pallidipes and G. longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae) to odour-baited traps and targets at Galana Ranch, south-eastern Kenya

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Baylis ◽  
C. O Nambiro
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
A Value ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Identical Material ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Biconical Trap

AbstractFour designs of trap, all made from identical material, were compared at Galana Ranch, south-eastern Kenya, as sampling devices for Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. longipennis Corti. The NG2G and Epsilon traps caught more than twice as many female G. pallidipes as the biconical trap, and the F3 was intermediate. A similar, pattern was observed for males, although the differences were smaller, and not significant. The NG2G, Epsilon and F3 traps all caught approximately twice as many male and female G. longipennis as the biconical trap. Acetone (500 mg/h) significantly increased trap catches of G. pallidipes, and there was a synergism between acetone and 4-methylphenol (0.8 mg/h). There was little or no effect with 1-octen-3-ol (0.8 mg/h). Acetone, 1-octen-3-ol, and 4-methylphenol all increased trap catches of G. longipennis, and there were no synergisms among them. Cow urine (850 mg/h) increased the catches of both species in traps baited with acetone and 1-octen-3-ol, although not significantly for G. longipennis. There was no effect with 3-methylphenol (0.8 mg/h). The addition of 3-propylphenol to traps baited with acetone, 1-octen-3-ol and 4-methylphenol had no effect on the catches of either species. For G.pallidipes, a combination of acetone, 1-octen-3-ol, 4-methylphenol and 3-propylphenol was calculated to have a catch index of 6–8 over unbaited traps, a value lower than that reported for Zimbabwe and Nguruman, Kenya, and greater than that reported for Somalia. The catches of G. longipennis were approximately three times higher on electrified targets than in F3 traps, although there was no difference in the catch of G. pallidipes.

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