The Bionomics of some Tree-hole Mosquitos

1929 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. F. Beattie ◽  
Lucy J. Howland
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Tree Holes

1. 138 larvae of Anopheles, Finlaya and Orthopodomyia, collected from three tree-holes described in Part I, were dissected and their contents examined.2. Small algae, a few animals, bacteria and considerable quantities of rotting vegetation were found in them.3. The algal and animal food seems to be insufficient for the anabolic processes of the larvae.4. It is possible that bacteria may play some part in their nutrition, especially of Orthopodomyia.5. It is also suggested that the larvae are able to utilise any food constituents present in the vegetable debris.I wish to thank Dr. P. A. Buxton for the interest he has shown during the progress of this work, and Professor F. E. Fritsch for help in identification of the algal species.

scholarly journals Larval breeding habitats and ecological factors influence the species composition of mosquito (Diptera : Culicidae) in the parks of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afroza Sultana ◽  
Sharmin Hasan ◽  
Mosharraf Hossain ◽  
Abdul Alim ◽  
Mohammad Al Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Tree Holes

Mosquito larval ecology is prerequisite for determining the larval abundance and species assemblage in mosquito control program. The study explored the association of five mosquito species with their breeding habitat diversity and species distribution in three selected parks from May to October, 2015. A total of 3217 mosquito larvae were reported from six breeding habitats, namely tree hole, leaf axils, water bottle, tire, drain and coconut shell. The frequency of the three species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus) coexistence was higher in tree holes (82.4%) than that of the other coexisting species. Pearson Chi-square result revealed that the association of species was significantly dependent on the breeding habitats. ANOVA further suggested that mosquito density varied across habitats where among the highest density of Cx. quinquefasciatus (3.87 ± 0.22) found in drain, followed by both Ae. albopictus (2.02 ± 0.17) and Ar. subalbatus (0.50 ± 0.09) in tree holes and Ae. aegypti (1.25 ± 0.23) in coconut shell. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus occurred in drain with the least observed density (0.03 ± 0.01). CCA results suggested that Aedes species were likely preferred to oviposit in shaded habitats where pH was associated with Ae. albopictus and dissolved oxygen was with Ae. aegypti and Ar. subalbatus. Culex species were positively associated with the habitats characterizing muddy bottom and emerging vegetation but not with any of the physico-chemical parameters. These findings concluded that ecological factors influence mosquito species to favor their breeding habitats can be helpful in controlling targeted vector species as well as the mosquito borne diseases.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(2): 111-122, 2017

scholarly journals Population Studies of Tree Hole Breeding Aedes Species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Dhaka University Campus and its Adjacent Suhrawardi Park, Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nargis Sultana ◽  
Tangin Akter ◽  
Shefali Begum
Keyword(s):  
Population Studies ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Species Trees ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Tree Holes ◽  
Bambusa Nutans

A survey of the larval population of tree hole breeding Aedes mosquito was conducted from January to December, 2010 in four different areas of Dhaka University Campus and its adjacent Suhrawardi park. A total of 689 mosquito larvae was collected during the survey. Among them 396 (57.47%) were Aedes albopictus, 51 (7.02%) were Ae. aegypti and 242 (35.12%) other Aedes species, and the number of male and female among them was counted 347 (50.36%) and 342 (49.63%), respectively. Among the varieties of plant species in the study area only 27 species of trees were found with 56 holes wherein 34 holes of 17 species trees were used by mosquitoes for breeding ground. The highest number (160) of larvae was found in bamboo (Bambusa nutans) stumps hole and lowest (13) in Delonix regia hole. The highest number of larval population was collected in September and the larval population increased from March to September and then gradually decreased. No mosquito larva was found in the tree holes in January and February. The number of larvae collected from different survey areas also varied which were 309 (44.84%), 152 (22.06%), 145 (21.04%) and 83 (12.04%) in Suhrawardi park, and the Arts building, Curzon hall and Botanical garden of Dhaka University, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i1.12887 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(1): 1-11, 2012

Tree hole mosquito species composition and relative abundances differ between urban and adjacent forest habitats in northwestern Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mangudo ◽  
J.P. Aparicio ◽  
G.C. Rossi ◽  
R.M. Gleiser
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Species Association ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Tree Holes

AbstractWater-holding tree holes are main larval habitats for many pathogen vectors, especially mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Along 3 years, the diversity and composition of mosquito species in tree holes of two neighbouring but completely different environments, a city and its adjacent forest, were compared using generalized linear mixed models, PERMANOVA, SIMPER and species association indexes. The city area (Northwest Argentina) is highly relevant epidemiologically due to the presence of Aedes aegypti L. (main dengue vector) and occurrence of dengue outbreaks; the Yungas rainforests are highly biologically diverse. In total seven mosquito species were recorded, in descending order of abundance: Ae. aegypti, Haemagogus spegazzinii Brèthes, Sabethes purpureus (Theobald), Toxorhynchites guadeloupensis Dyar and Knab, Aedes terrens Walker, Haemagogus leucocelaenus Dyar & Shannon and Sabethes petrocchiae (Shannon and Del Ponte). The seven mosquito species were recorded in both city sites and forested areas; however, their mosquito communities significantly diverged because of marked differences in the frequency and relative abundance of some species: Tx. guadeloupensis and Ae. aegypti were significantly more abundant in forest and urban areas, respectively. Positive significant associations were detected between Ae. aegypti, Hg. spegazzinii and Hg. leucocelaenus. The combined presence of Ae. aegypti, Haemagogus and Sabethes in the area also highlight a potential risk of yellow fever epidemics. Overall results show an impoverished tree hole mosquito fauna in urban environments, reflecting negative effects of urbanization on mosquito diversity.

scholarly journals Vertical Stratification of Insect Species Developing in Water-Filled Tree Holes

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Gossner ◽  
Jana S. Petermann
Keyword(s):  
Model Systems ◽  
Vertical Stratification ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Tree Holes

Forest ecosystems have a distinct vertical dimension, but the structuring of communities in this three-dimensional space is not well understood. Water-filled tree holes are natural microcosms structured in metacommunities. Here, we used these microcosms as model systems to analyze how insect communities and the occurrence and abundance of individual species are influenced by biotic and abiotic microhabitat characteristics, the vertical position of the tree hole, and stand-scale habitat availability. We found that both the characteristics of water-filled tree holes and their insect communities differ significantly between canopy and ground level. Individual insect species showed contrasting responses to the vertical position of the tree holes when important environmental factors at the stand and the tree-hole scale were considered. While some species, such as the mosquito Aedes geniculatus and the beetle Prionocyphon serricornis, decreased in abundance with increasing tree-hole height, the biting midge Dasyhelea sp., the non-biting midge Metriocnemus cavicola and the hoverfly Myiatropa florea increased in abundance. Our results suggest that vertical stratification in forests is most likely driven not only by variation in tree-hole microhabitat properties, i.e., niche separation, but also by individual species traits, such as adult dispersal propensity, food preferences and mating behavior of adult stages, and interspecific competition of larval stages. Therefore, communities of insect species developing in tree holes are likely structured by competition–colonization trade-offs predicted by metacommunity theory.

Observations on Toxorhynchites brevipalpis conradti Grünb. (Diptera, Culicidae) in Uganda

1963 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Corbet
Keyword(s):  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Tree Holes ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Made In

Observations made in Uganda on eight individuals of the mosquito Toxorhynchites brevipalpis conradti Grünb. reared in captivity from egg to adult are recorded. Larvae of this species are predatory and coexist in tree holes with those of mosquitos of medical importance.The identification of larvae and pupae is discussed, and information provided on the following subjects: the amount of food (living larvae of Aedcs acgypti (L.)) needed for larvae to complete development; the feeding and killing behaviour of fourth-instar larvae; duration of the pupal stage; and the rate of autogenous ovarian development in the unfed female adult.The compulsive killing behaviour shown by a fourth-instar larva about two days before it pupates could be expected to cause the death of all the other mosquito larvae in a tree hole of average size. This species is unusual among mosquitos in that pupae of females developed more rapidly than those of males.

Tree holes as larval habitats for Aedes aegypti in urban, suburban and forest habitats in a dengue affected area

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mangudo ◽  
J.P. Aparicio ◽  
R.M. Gleiser
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Tree Holes ◽  
Dengue Control ◽  
The City

AbstractAedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), the main vector of dengue and urban yellow fever in the world, is highly adapted to the human environment. Artificial containers are the most common larval habitat for the species, but it may develop in tree holes and other phytotelmata. This study assessed whether tree holes in San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, a city located in subtropical montane moist forest where dengue outbreaks occur, are relevant as larval habitat for Ae. aegypti and if the species may be found in natural areas far from human habitations. Water holding tree holes were sampled during 3 years once a month along the rainy season using a siphon bottle, in urban and suburban sites within the city and in adjacent forested areas. Larvae and pupae were collected and the presence and volume of water in each tree hole were recorded. Finding Ae. aegypti in forested areas was an isolated event; however, the species was frequently collected from tree holes throughout the city and along the sampling period. Moreover, larvae were collected in considerably high numbers, stressing the importance of taking into account these natural cavities as potential reinfestation foci within dengue control framework.

scholarly journals First extraction of eDNA from tree hole water to detect tree frogs: a simple field method piloted in Madagascar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Mullin ◽  
Izabela M. Barata ◽  
Jeff Dawson ◽  
Pablo Orozco-terWengel
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Tree Holes

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is becoming an increasingly used tool for monitoring cryptic species within terrestrial and aquatic systems. We present the first method for extracting water from tree holes for eDNA studies of tree-dwelling frogs, and the first use of eDNA for amphibian monitoring in Madagascar. This pilot study expands on a previously developed method and aims to provide a simple field protocol for DNA extraction from very small water samples, using a relatively inexpensive kit compared to other collection methods. We collected 20 ml of water from tree holes in Ambohitantely Special Reserve in Madagascar, with the aim to survey for the Critically Endangered tree frog Anodonthyla vallani, and we developed species specific cytochrome c oxidase 1 primers for this species. While our two samples did not detect A. vallani, we successfully extracted up to 16.6 ng/µl of eDNA from the samples and using 16S rRNA primers barcoded the tree frog Plethodontohyla mihanika in one of the samples. Despite just two samples being collected, we highlight the future potential of eDNA from tree holes for investigating cryptic habitat specialist amphibians given we extracted frog eDNA from just 20 ml of water. The method provides a rapid, simple, and cost-effective method which can assist cryptic species monitoring in challenging and time-consuming field conditions and should be developed further for frog surveying in Madagascar and beyond. The newly developed primers can be used for further work using this eDNA method to survey threatened Anodonthyla frog species.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULTS OF ARRENURUS (?MICRURACARUS) KITCHINGI SP.NOV. (ACARINA: ARRENURIDAE) FROM WATER-FILLED TREE HOLES IN AUSTRALIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Smith ◽  
Mark S. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Tree Hole ◽  
Tree Holes

AbstractAdults of Arrenurus (?Micruracarus) kitchingi sp.nov. are described. This is the first species of Arrenurus to be reported from a tree-hole habitat. Problems with the currently used subgeneric classification of Arrenurus are discussed.

The biology of the tree-hole breeding mosquito Aedes geniculatus (Olivier) (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern England

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Tree Holes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Oak Ash

AbstractThe biology of Aedes geniculatus (O1.) was studied in 1967–73 in Monks Wood National Nature Reserve, an oak-ash woodland, in southern England. Adult emergence from tree-holes occurred from May to September, and the sex ratio was approximately 1:1. Catches on man indicated that the maximum biting densities occurred in July and August and that females spend about two minutes obtaining a blood-meal. Significant positive correlations were found between their unfed weight and the weight of the blood-meal and also between female wing length and fecundity. The mean number of eggs per batch was 70. Studies with bamboo pots used as artificial oviposition sites in the field showed that the seasonal peak in oviposition spanned July and August, daily ovipositional activity was greatest in mid-afternoon and evening and ovipositing females preferred oviposition sites positioned within 4 m of the ground. A small proportion of eggs hatched during the summer in which they were laid, but most hatched in the following spring. Continuous or intermittent soaking failed to induce hatching until this time. In 'the laboratory, partially em'bryonated eggs required a minimum relative humidity of 88% to develop fully, but some embryonated eggs survived at 58%. Some eggs survived for 18–24 months in the field. The sampling of preadult stages dn tree-holes showed that larvae in the first two instars occurred almost throughout the year while third- and fourth-instar larvae were present in spring and summer. Pupae occurred only in the summer. It was concluded that A. geniculatus is univoltine in Monks Wood.

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKRO ALGA DI PESISIR PULAU KECAMATAN BULANG

SIMBIOSA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Notowinarto Notowinarto ◽  
Ramses Ramses ◽  
Mulhairi Mulhairi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Important Value Index

Bulang districts Batam Islands of  Riau province (Riau Islands), its consists of many islands with as well as having the potential diversity of coastal marine life in particular kinds of macro algae or seaweed. Conducted research aimed to determine the structure of macro- algal communities in the intertidal zone islands. The results of the identification of algal species found 16 species are: the Order of Chlorophyceae as 6 spesies; Order Phaeophyceae as 2 spesies; and Order Rhodophyceae as 8 spesies. The community structure at the five stations showed the highest values were found in the island of dominance Cicir (D ' = 0.79) , uniformity index values on Tengah Island (E ' = 0.99) , while the island Balak had the highest diversity index (H ' = 0.88) , with the abundance patterns of population structure on the island is pretty good Central . Results of correlation analysis of regression between IVI types of algae with the conditions of environmental quality suggests that there is a significance (Fhit ˃ F table and the value of r = > 90 %) between IVI algae Halimeda sp and Cryptarachne polyglandulosa at each station with a temperature parameter surface (⁰C) , depth temperature (⁰C) and pH values. Keywords : Algae, Community Structure, Important Value Index.

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