Egg mortality of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and green leafhoppers, Nephotettix spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), on rice in Sri Lanka

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Fowler ◽  
M.F. Claridge ◽  
J.C. Morgan ◽  
I.D.R. Peries ◽  
L. Nugaliyadde
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
A Minor

AbstractRice plants, infested with eggs of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) or Nephotettix spp. in laboratory cultures, were used to trap egg parasitoids in rice fields at two sites over a period of four days in Sri Lanka. Levels of egg parasitism per plant varied from 0 to 54% in N. lugens and 45 to 100% in Nephotettix spp. Egg predation was a minor cause of mortality, but attack by a species of Panstenon (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) killed up to 18% Nilaparvata lugens eggs. N. lugens eggs were parasitized by Anagrus sp. nr flaveolus Waterhouse, A. optabilis (Perkins) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and Oligosita sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Nephotettix spp. eggs were parasitized by two species of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and one of Paracentrobia (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). There was no overlap in field host range between the two parasitoid assemblages. Gonatocerus spp. and Paracentrobia spp. seldom attacked the same Nephotettix sp. egg batch, suggesting the possibility that these species compete in the field. Overall egg parasitism of Nilaparvata lugens was positively related to host egg density at the spatial scale of the rice plant, but unrelated at the tiller or batch scale. Nephotettix spp. egg parasitism showed a negative density dependent relationship at the spatial scales of the tiller and plant and no relationship at the batch level. The potential role of these egg parasitoids in preventing outbreaks of hopper pests in Sri Lanka is discussed.

scholarly journals Benefits of Flowering Plant as Refuge to Improve the Ecosystems Services by Egg Parasitoids of the Rice Brown Planthopper

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Nike Grace Hanjelina Sinulingga ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono ◽  
Edhi Martono ◽  
Buyung Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Outbreaks of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal., tend to increase in 2017. There has been significant interest to reduce reliance on pesticides by manipulating habitat plant species and communities to benefit natural enemies of insect. Flowering plants as refuge can contribute in enhancing the ecosystem services. This study aimed to assess the benefit of flowering plants as refuge to improve the role of egg parasitoids of brown planthopper. We sampled three rice fields: rice field adjacent to refuge, far from refuge, and rice field with no refuge using trapping procedure. We found two genera of parasitoid in Banyumas: Oligosita and Anagrus. The parasitism in the three rice fields was 46.14, 43.05 and 42.32%, respectively, showing no differences. However, the number of parasitoids emerged from the traps placed in the rice field with refuge was higher (31.08 adults/trap) than the other two rice fields (25.67 and 20.71 adults/trap). In addition, the number of unhatched parasitoids was lower in the rice with refuge (5.9%) compared to no refuge (14.54%). These findings show that the refuge provides better environments for the parasitoid by improving the number of progeny produced which eventually could increase their role in managing N. lugens population.

Establishing the role of detoxifying enzymes in field-evolved resistance to various insecticides in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayakumar Maheshwari Malathi ◽  
Sushil K. Jalali ◽  
Dandinashivara K. Sidde Gowda ◽  
Muthugounder Mohan ◽  
Thiruvengadam Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Profiling of Rice Reveals Positive Role of OsNCED3 in Rice Resistance Against Brown Planthopper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Litong Sun ◽  
Yongyan Liu ◽  
Ali Noman ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Jitong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Differential Expression Genes ◽  
Loss Index ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Abstract Background: Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) could improve rice resistance to brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens. The 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is the rate-limiting enzyme for ABA biosynthesis in higher plants. In rice, OsNCED3 gene promoted ABA synthesis and improved abiotic stress tolerance, but the function of OsNCED3 in regulating rice defense against BPH remains unclear. Results: In this study, the average injury level, functional plant loss index and EPG results of rice conferred that insect-resistance of OE rice lines was significantly higher than that of WT. Then transcriptome analysis of overexpression (OE), RNA interference (RNAi) and wild type (WT) of OsNCED3 in Zhonghua11 rice lines after BPH infestation were performed. Seventeen RNA libraries were obtained from OE, RNAi and WT rice lines at 12 h post BPH infestation. The number of all differential expression genes (DEGs) between OE and WT or RNAi and WT were mostly up-regulated. These accounted for more than 75% of the total number of DEGs for each other. The number of DEGs between RNAi and WT rice lines fed by BPH increased significantly, higher than that between OE and WT, and most of these DEGs were related to the adversity stress and the biosynthesis of JA (jasmonic acid).Conclusions: overexpression of OsNCED3 gene could improve rice resistance to BPH.

scholarly journals Adaptation by the Brown Planthopper to Resistant Rice: A Test of Female-Derived Virulence and the Role of Yeast-like Symbionts

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 908
Author(s):  
Finbarr G. Horgan ◽  
Ainara Peñalver Cruz ◽  
Arriza Arida ◽  
Jedeliza B. Ferrater ◽  
Carmencita C. Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Manipulative Experiments ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

The adaptation by planthoppers to feed and develop on resistant rice is a challenge for pest management in Asia. We conducted a series of manipulative experiments with the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) on the resistant rice variety IR62 (BPH3/BPH32 genes) to assess behavioral and bionomic changes in planthoppers exhibiting virulence adaptation. We also examined the potential role of yeast-like symbionts (YLS) in virulence adaptation by assessing progeny fitness (survival × reproduction) following controlled matings between virulent males or females and avirulent males or females, and by manipulating YLS densities in progeny through heat treatment. We found virulence-adapted planthoppers developed faster, grew larger, had adults that survived for longer, had female-biased progeny, and produced more eggs than non-selected planthoppers on the resistant variety. However, feeding capacity—as revealed through honeydew composition—remained inefficient on IR62, even after 20+ generations of exposure to the resistant host. Virulence was derived from both the male and female parents; however, females contributed more than males to progeny virulence. We found that YLS are essential for normal planthopper development and densities are highest in virulent nymphs feeding on the resistant host; however, we found only weak evidence that YLS densities contributed more to virulence. Virulence against IR62 in the brown planthopper, therefore, involves a complex of traits that encompass a series of behavioral, physiological, and genetic mechanisms, some of which are determined only by the female parent.

scholarly journals Change in geomagnetic field intensity alters migration-associated traits in a migratory insect

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 20190940
Author(s):  
Guijun Wan ◽  
Ruiying Liu ◽  
Chunxu Li ◽  
Jinglan He ◽  
Weidong Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Intensity ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Variable Environments ◽  
Insect Migration ◽  
Cryptochrome 1

Geomagnetic field (GMF) intensity can be used by some animals to determine their position during migration. However, its role, if any, in mediating other migration-related phenotypes remains largely unknown. Here, we simulated variation in GMF intensity between two locations along the migration route of a nocturnal insect migrant, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens , that varied by approximately 5 µT in field intensity. After one generation of exposure, we tested for changes in key morphological, behavioural and physiological traits related to migratory performance, including wing dimorphism, flight capacity and positive phototaxis. Our results showed that all three morphological and behavioural phenotypes responded to a small difference in magnetic field intensity. Consistent magnetic responses in the expression of the phototaxis-related Drosophila-like cryptochrome 1 ( Cry1 ) gene and levels of two primary energy substrates used during flight, triglyceride and trehalose, were also found. Our findings indicate changes in GMF intensity can alter the expression of phenotypes critical for insect migration and highlight the unique role of magnetoreception as a trait that may help migratory insects express potentially beneficial phenotypes in geographically variable environments.

The role of chemosensory protein 10 in the detection of behaviorally active compounds in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Waris ◽  
Aneela Younas ◽  
Muhammad Muzammal Adeel ◽  
Shuang‐Gang Duan ◽  
Sundas Rana Quershi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Chemosensory Protein

scholarly journals The Role of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus Flowers in the Life of Anagrus nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwik Sugiharti ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono ◽  
Edhi Martono ◽  
Witjaksono Witjaksono
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Anagrus nilaparvatae is a potential egg parasitoid to control the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) The parasitoid needs to consume suitable food to maximize its biotic potential and parasitizing ability. This study was aimed to determine the benefits provided by the presence of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus flowers on the life of A. nilaparvatae. This study consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was designed to determine the effects of the tested flowers on the parasitism and hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae on N. lugens eggs. The flowers were set inside the rearing cage of parasitoid in the presence of N. lugens eggs in Ciherang rice seedlings. In addition, honey and the control (no feed added) were included into the treatments, totalling of four treatments. The parasitism rate of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flowers or honey was similar to those unfed. However, the hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae was much higher on those fed with flower or honey than those unfed. The number of A. nilaparvatae unable to eclose from eggs of N. lugens for the unfed parasitoid was 37.4% in comparison with 8.19 to 15.67% for those fed with flower or honey. The second experiment was a follow-up to address the question on the fitness of progeny of A. nilaparvatae fed with the tested flowers. The flowers and honey did not increase the longevity of A. nilaparvatae progeny. However, A. nilaparvatae fed with flowers or honey produced progeny that resulted in higher number of offspring compared to those unfed. C. sulphureus flower significantly increased the number of offspring produced by A. nilaparvatae. This suggest that the diet of the parental parasitoid determines the fitness of the progeny. Improving the hatching rate and the fecundity of progeny produced by the adults of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flower of T. subulata and C. sulphureus would contribute to the increasing population of this parasitoid which could lead to a better control of N. lugens in the rice field. IntisariAnagrus nilaparvatae merupakan parasitoid telur yang potensial untuk mengendalikan serangan wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.). Parasitoid perlu mendapatkan sumber pakan yang sesuai untuk memaksimalkan potensi biologis dan kemampuan memarasit inang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji manfaat pemberian bunga Turnera subulata dan Cosmos sulphureus pada kehidupan A. nilaparvatae. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama dirancang untuk mengetahui pengaruh bunga yang diuji terhadap tingkat parasitasi dan penetasan telur A. nilaparvatae pada telur N. lugens. Bunga diletakkan di dalam tabung rearing parasitoid yang di dalamnya terdapat bibit padi varietas Ciherang yang mengandung telur N. lugens. Selain itu, terdapat pula perlakuan madu dan kontrol (tanpa bunga dan tanpa madu), dengan total empat perlakuan. A. nilaparvate yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu memiliki tingkat parasitasi yang sama dengan yang tidak diberi pakan. Namun, tingkat penetasan telur A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu jauh lebih tinggi daripada yang tidak diberi pakan. Jumlah A. nilaparvatae yang tidak menetas dari telur N. lugens pada parasitoid yang tidak diberi pakan adalah 37,4% dibandingkan dengan parasitoid yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu yang berkisar 8,19 - 15,67%. Percobaan kedua adalah tindak lanjut untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang kebugaran keturunan A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan dengan bunga yang diuji. Bunga dan madu tidak meningkatkan lama hidup keturunan A. nilaparvatae. Namun, A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan dengan bunga atau madu menghasilkan keturunan yang memiliki fekunditas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan keturunan dari A. nilaparvatae yang tidak diberi pakan. Bunga C. sulphureus secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan jumlah keturunan yang dihasilkan oleh A. nilaparvatae. Ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis pakan induk parasitoid menentukan kebugaran keturunannya. Peningkatan penetasan dan fekunditas dari keturunan yang dihasilkan oleh induk A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan bunga T. subulata dan C. sulphureus akan berkontribusi pada peningkatan populasi parasitoid sehingga dapat mengendalikan serangan N. lugens di pertanaman padi dengan lebih baik.

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