A Medical Theory and the Text at Lactantius, Mort. persec. 33.7 and Pelagonius 347

1988 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Medical Theory ◽  
Similar Description

It would be a mistake to attempt to identify in modern terms the disease of Galerius described so graphically by Lactantius, Mort. 33 (cf. the similar description at Eus. H.E. 8.16). Consumption by lice or worms, if not genital ‘gangrene’, was a typical end for a tyrant or the impious, and there must be an element of literary exaggeration in Lactantius' account. But whatever one makes of the nature of the illness, Lactantius did set out to give the passage a scientific plausibility by his use of technical medical phraseology, and by an allusion to a medical theory at 33.7. Recognition of this theory allows one to settle the text at one point, where editors have failed to agree. There is also a second place in the chapter where familiarity with medical Latin points one towards the solution of a textual problem.

Nature, poetry and medicine in late 18th century England: a unified perspective of Erasmus Darwin

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-537
Author(s):  
M. McNEIL
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Nature Poetry ◽  
Medicine And Philosophy ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
Lunar Society Of Birmingham ◽  
Organizational Principles ◽  
Century Science ◽  
Erasmus Darwin

Erasmus Darwin was the focus and embodiment of provincial England in his day. Renowned as a physician, he spent much of his life at Lichfield. He instigated the founding of the Lichfield Botanic Society, which provided the first English translation of the works of Linnaeus, and established a botanic garden; the Lunar Society of Birmingham; the Derby Philosophical Society; and two provincial libraries. A list of Darwin's correspondents and associates reads like a "who's who" of eighteenth century science, industry, medicine and philosophy. His poetry was also well received by his contemporaries and he expounded the evolutionary principles of life. Darwin can be seen as an English equivalent of Lamarck, being a philosopher of nature and human society. His ideas have been linked to a multitude of movements, including the nosological movement in Western medicine, nineteenth century utilitarianism, Romanticism in both Britain and Germany, and associationist psychology. The relationships between various aspects of Darwin's interests and the organizational principles of his writings were examined. His poetical form and medical theory were not peripheral to his study of nature but intrinsically linked in providing his contemporaries with a panorama of nature. A richer, more integrated comprehension of Erasmus Darwin as one of the most significant and representative personalities of his era was presented.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of NMR Probes for the Experimental Description of Protein Folding Pathways with High-Pressure NMR

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Vincent Van Deuren ◽  
Yin-Shan Yang ◽  
Karine de Guillen ◽  
Cécile Dubois ◽  
Catherine Anne Royer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Staphylococcal Nuclease ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Folding Pathway ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Folding Pathways ◽  
Partial Unfolding ◽  
Protein Folding Pathways ◽  
Similar Description

Multidimensional NMR intrinsically provides multiple probes that can be used for deciphering the folding pathways of proteins: NH amide and CH groups are strategically located on the backbone of the protein, while CH3 groups, on the side-chain of methylated residues, are involved in important stabilizing interactions in the hydrophobic core. Combined with high hydrostatic pressure, these observables provide a powerful tool to explore the conformational landscapes of proteins. In the present study, we made a comparative assessment of the NH, CH, and CH3 groups for analyzing the unfolding pathway of ∆+PHS Staphylococcal Nuclease. These probes yield a similar description of the folding pathway, with virtually identical thermodynamic parameters for the unfolding reaction, despite some notable differences. Thus, if partial unfolding begins at identical pressure for these observables (especially in the case of backbone probes) and concerns similar regions of the molecule, the residues involved in contact losses are not necessarily the same. In addition, an unexpected slight shift toward higher pressure was observed in the sequence of the scenario of unfolding with CH when compared to amide groups.

JEREMY BENTHAM'S LIST OF DATA NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN (1797)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-447
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Political Theorist ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
Musical Sounds

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), English philosopher, jurist, political theorist, and founder of the doctrine of utilitarianism, was also influential in the field of medical theory and practice. Spector1 has called attention to the following data set down by Bentham more than a century and a half before the emergence of modern interest in child development. This list shows Bentham's prescience in conceptualizing the data that would need to be collected before one could properly understand the temporal steps in a child's development. 1. Advances independent of instruction: First indication of fear, smiling, recognizing persons Indication of a preference for a particular person Indication of a dislike for a particular person Attention to musical sounds Appearance of first tooth Appearance of each of the successive teeth; duration and degree of pain and illness in cutting teeth Giving toys or food to others Attempt to imitate sound laughter General progress in bodily or intellectual requirements whether uniform or by sudden degree 2. Advances dependent upon instruction: Standing, supported by one arm Standing, supporting itself by resting the hands Token of obedience to will of others Command of natural evacuation Walking, supporting itself by chairs Standing alone Walking alone Pointing out the seat of pain.

scholarly journals Names for Actors in the Medical Field in the 1920 Issues of Medicina, the First Medical Magazine in Independent Lithuania

Lituanistica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmira Zemlevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Military

The article deals with the names referring to persons engaged in medicine and related sciences as used in the 1920 issues of Medicina, a medical theory and practice magazine of independent Lithuania. The author identifies their meanings and typical groups, discusses their composition and characteristics, and, to some extent, touches upon the matters of their structure and origin. The names of the actors in the medical field carry a high degree of semantic diversity and fall into four identifiable core groups: (1) the names of persons administering treatment, (2) the names of medical training persons, (3) the names of pharmacy persons, and (4) the names of persons undergoing treatment. Within these groups, names further branch off into subgroups based on a set of different, often individual aspects. Still, there are several frequently occurring aspects that should be distinguished: these are the aspects of college medical education, the connection with the military, and the qualifying degree. Although all names of these actors in the medical field are covered by the overarching seme of medicine, they all vary in differential semes. In terms of word formation, the prevailing names for the actors in the medical field are compound words with their key components mostly deriving from Lithuanian terms. Obviously, the prevalence of compounds is the outcome of the need to name different persons associated with medical science and practice, as well as patients, something that cannot be done with single-word terms. Today, many think of a scientific text as one defined by an abundance of foreign terms. The subject source of the names for the actors in the medical field is a science magazine, yet most of the names are of Lithuanian origin. Many of them are suffixal derivatives: gydytojas ‘physician’, mokovas ‘expert’, slaugytojas ‘nurse’, pribuvėja ‘midwife’, seselė ‘sister’, vaistininkas ‘pharmacist’, ligonis ‘a sick person’, džiovininkas ‘a consumptive’, etc. Loanwords are dominated by words of Latin (daktaras ‘doctor’, medikas ‘medic’, pacientas ‘patient’, provizorius ‘pharmaceutical chemist’, sanitaras (‘orderly’), etc.) and Greek (anatomas ‘anatomist’, chirurgas ‘surgeon’, fiziologas ‘physiologist’, terapeutas ‘therapist’, etc.) origin. Hybrids are not very common and usually have a borrowed root and a Lithuanian suffix (stipendininkas ‘scholar’, farmacininkas ‘pharmacist’, venerininkas ‘a male with a venereal disease’, kretinaitė ‘a female with cretinism’, and so on). Conformity with the terminological criterion can mostly be observed in the names of persons administering treatment, whereas a number of the names of persons undergoing treatment are not very terminological due to them being expressed by substantival adjectives and, typically, participles (apsikrėtusysis ‘one who has caught a disease’, pažeistasis ‘(the) affected’, sergantysis ‘(the) sick’, sveikasis ‘(the) healthy’, etc.), or descriptive word combinations (akių liga sergantysis ‘one with an eye disease’, grįžtamąja šiltine sergantysis (‘one with recurrent typhus’, etc.). In addition to linguistic and terminological evidence, the names of actors in the medical field convey a certain amount of subject-related (medical) information. Their meanings provide insight into the medical situation in Lithuania in 1920, practitioners, the most common illnesses of the period, and so on.

Medical Theory in Heraclides of Pontus

Mnemosyne ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 126-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.M. Lonie
Keyword(s):  
Medical Theory

Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von Tl4TiS4, TI4SnS4 und Tl4TiSe4 / Preparation and Crystal Structure of Tl4TiS4, TI4SnS4 and Tl4TiSe4

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt O. Klepp ◽  
Günther Eulenberger
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Lone Electron Pair ◽  
Electron Pair ◽  
Monoclinic System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Similar Description ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
Stereochemical Activity

AbstractThe isostructural compounds Tl4TiS4, Tl4SnS4 and Tl4TiSe4 crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 8.328, b = 8.191, c = 15.248 Å, β = 104.53°; a = 8.395, b = 8.280, c = 15.398 A, ft = 103.69°, and a = 8.517, b = 8.389, c = 15.672 Å, β = 103.50°, respectively. There are four formula units in the unit cell. The crystal structures were determined and refined from single crystal diffractometer data. They are characterized by isolated tetrahedral thioanions which are connected with each other by Tl+ ions. The mean bond lengths are Ti-S = 2.26 Å, Sn-S = 2.40 Å and Ti -Se = 2.38 Å. The Tl atoms are surrounded by six and seven chalcogen atoms, respectively, in an irregular and polar arrangement, thus indicating stereochemical activity of the lone electron pair of the Tl+ ions. Tl-S distances vary from 2.93 to 3.98 Å, Tl-Se distances from 3.03 to 3.96 Å. The Tl atoms have nearest Tl neighbours at distances ranging from 3.46 to 3.65 Å. The crystal structure can be described as built from pseudotetragonal slabs oriented parallel to (001) which contain the cations and the tetrahedral anions. It is shown that a similar description is valid also for the crystal structures of Tl4GeS4 [1] and Na4SnS4 [2, 3].

Melancholic Madness and the Puritans

1973 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Sena
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
Erratic Behavior ◽  
Established Church

Since the resurgence of interest in the Augustan period, the myriad of sixteenth- seventeenth- and eighteenth-century literary attacks on the Puritans have been enumerated, catalogued, analyzed, and elucidated. Although the Puritans were accused of a seemingly endless series of malefactions, most of the anti-sectarian assaults, we have been told, charged them with ignorance — the inability to see the value of the established church — or hypocrisy — the desire to use religion to advance political ambitions, secure riches, or satisfy libidinous interests. By mid-seventeenth century, however, a change occurred in the nature of the attacks which has not been adequately discussed. Instead of questioning the sincerity of the Puritans' religious countenance or ascribing the usual peccadillos to them, Puritan traducers charged the sectaries with insanity. Although societies in all ages have protected themselves from unpopular and dissenting opinions by declaring them products of a deranged mind, anti-sectarians in the Restoration and eighteenth century established a rationale for their charges of madness by employing contemporary medical theory to demonstrate that the Puritans suffered from mental and emotional disorders as a result of natural physical causes. Enthusiasts were seen as splenetic sufferers, and their erratic behavior and religious delusions were explained as the inevitable consequence of melancholic vapors.

‘Vein by Vein’: The Pneumatics of Retribution in John Marston’s Antonio’s Revenge

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-242
Author(s):  
Christopher Crosbie
Keyword(s):  
Self Healing ◽  
Emotional Trauma ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
Stoic Philosophy ◽  
Ontological Framework ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Visceral Response

This chapter argues that John Marston’s Antonio’s Revenge adopts a Galenic understanding of corporeal pneumatics to debunk Stoic apatheia and reveal it as inherently incompatible with nature. Marston’s play not only represents the body’s subtlest operations as instinctively countering the trauma wrought by tragedy through its pneumatic systems. He also, by affiliating revenge with a pneumatic process of instinctive self-healing, undercuts Stoicism's broader cosmological notion of pneuma as a “containing cause,” a pervasive force that imbues the universe with rationality and provides for the Stoic sage tranquility amid suffering. By appropriating Galen's theory of corporeal pneumatics and sharing the physician-philosopher's anti-stoic sentiment, Marston creates an ontological framework for his play that situates Antonio's final vengeance as acting in accordance with how his world, at its most rudimentary levels, operates. Drawing on Galenic medical theory and anti-stoic philosophy, Marston surprisingly figures retribution as physiologically beneficial, a visceral response to trauma that addresses the body’s intrinsic need for constitutional equilibrium. In doing so, Marston’s play introduces a therapeutic register to revenge attentive, unlike the rigors of Stoicism, to the body's inherent impulse – extending even to its most attenuated material components – toward attaining palliation for the debilitating effects of physical and emotional trauma.

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