Adalékok Janus Pannonius De stella aestivo meridie visa című elégiájának értelmezéséhez

Mindmáig nem jutott nyugvópontra a kutatás azon kérdésben, hogy milyen égitest tűnik föl Janus Pannonius De stella aestivo meridie visa című elégiájában. Bollók János az égitestet az 1462 nyarán Kínában megfigyelt üstökössel azonosította. Álláspontját azonban kétkedés fogadta, s az elégiát elemző újabb tanulmányok a Venus bolygóval való azonosítás mellett foglalnak állást. Tanulmányunkban a kutatásban eleddig figyelmen kívül hagyott irodalmi párhuzamok vizsgálatával amellett érvelünk, hogy a leírás üstököst kíván ábrázolni. Megvizsgáljuk Tito Vespasiano Strozzi Borsias című eposzának hasonló tárgyú leírását, s kimutatjuk, hogy a kedvező hatású üstökösökről vallott asztrológiai fölfogása azonos volt Januséval. Ezt erősítik meg a Matteo Maria Boiardo eclogáiban föllelhető, Janustól származó kölcsönzések is. Úgyszintén figyelmen kívül hagyta a kutatás T. Calpurnius Siculus 1. eclogájának jótékony hatású üstökösét. A szövegszerű megfelelések vizsgálatával megkíséreljük igazolni, hogy ez az ecloga Janus elégiájának egyik fontos előképe volt, s hatása nemcsak az üstökös leírásában, hanem az elégia aranykori motívumokat megidéző fohászkodásában is kimutatható.So far there is no unanimity among researchers concerning the identification of the celestial body appearing in Janus Pannonius’ elegy De stella aestivo meridie visa. János Bollók identified it with the comet observed in China in the summer of 1462. However, his view was not generally accepted, and recent studies on the elegy have argued for an identification with the planet Venus. Based on the analysis of literary parallels so far left out of consideration, in our paper we claim that the description aimed to depict a comet. We examine the similar description found in Tito Vespasiano Strozzi’s epic poem Borsias and show that his astrological views on comets with a beneficial influence were the same as that of Janus. This is further supported by the expressions taken over from Janus in the eclogues of Matteo Maria Boiardo. Researchers have also neglected the beneficial comet in Eclogue I of T. Calpurnius Siculus. Based on the examination of textual parallels we aim to prove that this eclogue was an important model for the elegy of Janus – its influence can not only be detected in the description of the comet but also in the invocation in the elegy alluding to motives of the Golden Age.

Intersection numbers on $$ {\overline{M}}_{g,n} $$ and BKP hierarchy

In their recent inspiring paper, Mironov and Morozov claim a surprisingly simple expansion formula for the Kontsevich-Witten tau-function in terms of the Schur Q-functions. Here we provide a similar description for the Brézin-Gross-Witten tau-function. Moreover, we identify both tau-functions of the KdV hierarchy, which describe intersection numbers on the moduli spaces of punctured Riemann surfaces, with the hypergeometric solutions of the BKP hierarchy.

Comparative Assessment of NMR Probes for the Experimental Description of Protein Folding Pathways with High-Pressure NMR

Multidimensional NMR intrinsically provides multiple probes that can be used for deciphering the folding pathways of proteins: NH amide and CH groups are strategically located on the backbone of the protein, while CH3 groups, on the side-chain of methylated residues, are involved in important stabilizing interactions in the hydrophobic core. Combined with high hydrostatic pressure, these observables provide a powerful tool to explore the conformational landscapes of proteins. In the present study, we made a comparative assessment of the NH, CH, and CH3 groups for analyzing the unfolding pathway of ∆+PHS Staphylococcal Nuclease. These probes yield a similar description of the folding pathway, with virtually identical thermodynamic parameters for the unfolding reaction, despite some notable differences. Thus, if partial unfolding begins at identical pressure for these observables (especially in the case of backbone probes) and concerns similar regions of the molecule, the residues involved in contact losses are not necessarily the same. In addition, an unexpected slight shift toward higher pressure was observed in the sequence of the scenario of unfolding with CH when compared to amide groups.

RESEARCH OF THE CONTENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN, APPROACHES AND METHODS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE ENTERPRISE

Organizational design is currently, to a certain extent, a new direction of research, the goal of combining modern achievements in the field of production organization, design analysis, project management, planning, control and management of organizational behavior to create new competitive organizations or improve (increase the efficiency) of those that are already carrying out business activities. The study of the content of "organizational design" gave grounds to generalize the opinion of scientists and determine that organizational design is an extremely complex process of creating an organization design in which all elements of the system should be optimally combined so that it allows to implement the strategy and achieve the goals of the business entity. This process has its own tasks, subject, object and principles of implementation. It was found that scientists distinguish two groups of approaches to determining the content of the organizational design process: object (information, target, system-target) and subjective (game). Attention is focused on the fact that now in the scientific literature it is most often recommended to use three approaches to organizational design, namely: normative-functional (experimental-statistical, function-oriented), functional-technological (process-technological), object-target (object-synergetic approach), the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are considered. It was found that the methods of organizational design are classified from the standpoint of production (method of analogies, typical design, program-target method, simulation modeling) and from the standpoint of management (method of analogies, expert-analytical, method of structuring goals, organizational design), the advantages of each method are determined. It is noted that domestic scientists agree with the expediency of using the considered methods of organizational design and give a similar description of their content, but divide them into two groups: methods of a qualitative nature (analogy method, method of standard structures, expert-analytical method, method of goal structuring); formalized methods (regression, models, optimization models, organizational modeling).

SŪSRŪTA SYSTEM OF INTENSIVECARE –A PROSPECTIVE OVERVIEW

In Vŗhatryee, Sūsrūta has the doctrine of surgical management along with related descriptions of anatomy, physiology. Though Charaka and Vāgbhata have similar description but are not up to the content like Sūsrūta. Sūsrūta was the first who described surgical operations and had broad view on sterilization pre and post-operative management along with intensive care which are unique and has prime importance. In modern system of medicine intensive care plays a vital role for patient’s life and sustenance. It was inter-esting to evaluate that Sūsrūta system of intensive care has been described considering all aspects where he has given importance to the major specialties required. In the line of shlokas all the meanings are buried and are yet to be understood in the line of description. It is also very important to know that the present system of surgery though so advanced but also existed before 1000 B.C and which is clearly evident from the description found. Sūsrūta had felt the necessity of multispecialty physician cum surgeon’s advice dur-ing critical care as per the prevailing system. During Sūsrūta time different names (probably nominated specialists of different wings) were given due importance to the critical management of the patients are usually seen nowadays in modern system of medicine. In the present paper efforts have been taken to de-cipher the every term used by Sūsrūta in parlance to modern system concerned to ancient system of critical care.

IRANIAN EPIC MOTIVES IN “TARAS BULBA” BY NIKOLAY GOGOL

Статья посвящена анализу фольклорно-эпических мотивов иранского происхождения, которые наличествуют в исторической повести «Тарас Бульба» Николая Гоголя. Они обнаруживают параллели как в нартовском эпосе осетин, так и в поэме Фирдоуси «Шахнаме», сказаниях таджиков Систана и татов Дагестана. Делается вывод, что сюжет и многие детали этой знаменитой повести, как и многих других произведений Гоголя, отражают эпическую традицию ираноязычного населения причерноморских степей, которое стало этническим субстратом украинцев. Первым на данную параллель указал Василий Иванович Абаев, сравнивая описания повседневности запорожских казаков, как это имеет место в произведении Н.В. Гоголя «Тарас Бульба», с аналогичным описанием образа жизни нартов в нартовском эпосе. Описываемая повседневность включает в себя не только практику военных походов, но и веселья, включая специфический характер песен, танцев, системы ценностей, языческого мировоззрения. В качестве сравнительного материала автором привлекаются ритуальные пляски массагетов в описании Геродота, а также саков в описании Страбона. Проводится параллель между гоголевским Тарасом Бульбой и иранскими эпическими героями – нартом Батрадзом, Рустамом из поэмы Фирдоуси «Шахнамэ». Схожие черты выявляются в зоонимике, связанной с потусторонними силами, в характере казни убийц, в отношении к данному слову и реакции последствий за его нарушение. Несомненно, в повести отражены древние эпические мотивы степей Причерноморья, восходящие к ираноязычным кочевникам, позже ассимилированных славянами. Они обнаруживают параллели как в нартовском эпосе осетин, имеющем скифские и сармато-аланские корни, так и в персидском литературном эпосе, преданиях систанцев, сказках татов, имеющих отношение к южноиранской эпической традиции, возможно, имеющей скифо-сакские истоки. The article is devoted to the analysis of folklore-epic motifs of Iranian origin, which can be traced in the historical novel “Taras Bulba” by Nikolay Gogol. They find parallels both in the Narts’ epos of the Ossetians, and in Firdousi’s poem “Shahname”, the tales of Tajik Sistans and the Tats of Dagestan. It is concluded that the plot and many details of this famous story, like many other works by Gogol, reflect the epic tradition of the Iranian-speaking population of the Black Sea steppes, which has become the ethnic substrate of the Ukrainians. The first to point to this parallel was Vasily Ivanovich Abaev, comparing the descriptions of the everyday life of the Zaporozhye Cossacks, as is the case in the work of N.V. Gogol's "Taras Bulba", with a similar description of the lifestyle of the Narts in the Nart epic. The described everyday life includes not only the practice of military campaigns, but also fun, including the specific nature of songs, dances, a system of values, a pagan worldview. As a comparative material, the author uses the ritual dances of the Massagets in the description of Herodotus, as well as the Saka in the description of Strabo. A parallel is drawn between Gogol's Taras Bulba and Iranian epic heroes - Nart Batradz, Rustam from Firdousi’s poem “Shahname”. Similar features are revealed in the zoonymy associated with otherworldly forces, in the nature of the execution of murderers, in relation to this word and the reaction of the consequences for its violation. Undoubtedly, the story reflects the ancient epic motifs of the steppes of the Black Sea, dating back to the Iranian-speaking nomads, later assimilated by the Slavs. They find parallels both in the Nartian Ossetian epos, which has Scythian and Sarmatian-Alanian roots, and in the Persian literary epos, the traditions of the Sistans, and tales of the Tats, related to the South Iranian epic tradition, possibly having Scythian-Saka sources.

Etymologization as a Case of Pedagogical Lying in Plato

In the Cratylus, Plato criticizes the traditional rendering of Hades’ name as the ‘in-visible’ while in the Phaedo he endorses it. Despite this conflict, in both cases, the etymologies are used to oppose the negative characterization of this god by the tradition, just as prescribed in the Republic. Furthermore, both dialogues convey a similar description of Hades as an intellectual realm. Thus, there is an underlying conceptual coherence and a use of conflicting etymologies serving the same practical prescription. This article will verify if this scenario constitutes an instance of the serviceable lies presented in the Republic. Taking Hades’ different etymologizations as a case study, we will be able to better understand the justification for the pedagogical use of lies based on the complex interaction between souls with true and false beliefs. Two types of pedagogical lies emerge. Syrup lies characterize situations in which some true information is conveyed through an illegitimate but attractive cover such as etymologization or tales. In this way, they can capture the attention of souls who are hostage to false beliefs. Moreover, there is also the case for vaccine lies in which the illegitimate method used to convey some information has in itself a self-eroding element. Thus, those who receive the information are also encouraged to question the method in due course. After these determinations, it will be possible to evaluate how such a conception of lying scores morally.

The JISP16 potential applied to the nucleon induced deuteron breakup process

The JISP16 nucleon-nucleon potential is applied to investigate the nucleon induced deuteron breakup reaction at energies E=13 and 65 MeV. Our study reveals that this force delivers, in general, a qualitatively similar description of the exclusive cross section for the studied reaction to the one based on the standard realistic nucleon-nucleon AV18 interaction. However, in some regions of the phase space the differential cross sections based on the JISP16 and on the AV18 forces differ by more than 100% and 50% at E=13 MeV and E=65 MeV, respectively. Such specific parts of the phase space can be used to fine-tune the JISP16 potential parameters.

Quartet structure of self-conjugate nuclei

We provide a description of even-even N = Z nuclei in a formalism of quartets. Quartets are four-body correlated structures characterized by isospin T and angular momentum J. We show that the ground state correlations induced by a realistic shell model interaction can be well accounted for in terms of a restricted set of T = 0 low–J quartets, the J = 0 one playing by far a leading role among them. A conceptually similar description of odd-odd self-conjugate nuclei is given in terms of two distinct families of building blocks, one formed by the same T = 0 quartets employed for the even-even systems and the other by collective pairs with either T = 0 or T = 1. Some applications of this formalism are discussed for nuclei in the sd shell.