Long-term Productivity of Intensive Rice Cropping Systems on the Central Plain of Thailand

SUMMARYThe productivity of seven multiple rice-cropping systems, utilizing a short-duration cultivar under irrigation, were assessed over 5 years. Systems of one, two and three crops a year were compared. Multiple cropping reduced grain yield, panicles m-2, total dry matter and nitrogen uptake per crop. However, the unfertilized three-crop-per-year system averaged 9·1 t grain, 17·1 t DM and 126 kg N ha-1 per annum, without showing a long term decline in productivity. Recovery and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer were generally low compared to other experiments, and were highest for the early dry season cropping period.

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Simulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11111144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1144

Author(s):

Nittaya Cha-un ◽

Amnat Chidthaisong ◽

Kazuyuki Yagi ◽

Sirintornthep Towprayoon

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Management Options ◽

Irrigated Rice ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Rice Cropping Systems

Rice is an important economic crop in Thailand. However, paddy rice fields are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4) emissions. Therefore, suitable crop management practice is necessary to reduce CH4 emissions while rice grain yield is maintained. This study aimed to evaluate appropriate options of fertilizer and water management practices for Thai rice cultivation with regards to improving rice grain yield and reducing CH4 emissions. The Denitrification–Decomposition (DNDC) model was used to simulate grain yield and the emission of CH4 under the three fertilizer options (chemical fertilizer (F), manure (M) and chemical fertilizer + manure (F + M)) with three water management options (continuous flooding (CF), mid-season drainage (MD) and alternate wet and dry (AWD)) during the years 2011–2050. Rain-fed and irrigated rice cropping systems were used. A total of 24 sites distributed in 22 provinces were studied. The data sets of daily climate, soil properties, and rice management practices were required as inputs in the model. Model validation with observation data in a field experiment indicated that simulated grain yields (R2 = 0.83, slope = 0.98, NRMES = 0.30) and cumulative seasonal CH4 emissions (R2 = 0.83, slope = 0.74, NRMES = 0.43) were significantly and positively correlated with the observation. At the end of the simulation period (2046–2050), fertilizer management options of F and F + M gave more grain yield than the M management option by 1–44% in rain-fed rice cropping and 104–190% in irrigated rice cropping system, respectively. Among options, the lower CH4 emissions were found in AWD water management options. The appropriate options with regard to maintaining grain yield and reducing CH4 emissions in the long term were suggested to be F + M with AWD for the rain-fed rice, and F with AWD for the irrigated rice cropping systems.

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Long-Term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates Effect on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Uptake in Dryland Wheat and Sorghum Production

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports ◽

10.4148/2378-5977.7801 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

Author(s):

M. Majrashi ◽

A. K. Obour ◽

C. J. Moorberg

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Sorghum Production ◽

Fertilizer Rates

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Integrated soil fertility and yield trend in response to long-term fertilisation under the Chinese double rice-cropping systems

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/365/2019-pse ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 22-32

Author(s):

Qingyin Shang ◽

Xiuxia Yang ◽

Hui Yan ◽

Xiaohui Wang

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Double Rice ◽

Rice Cropping Systems

Soil fertility is fundamental in determining crop productivity and sustainability in farming systems. A long-term fertiliser experiment in Chinese double rice-cropping systems initiated in 2011 was used in this study to gain an insight into a complete estimating of soil fertility. The six fertiliser treatments included mineral fertiliser (NP, NK, and NPK), combined NPK with farmyard manure (NPKM) or crop straw (NPKS), and no fertiliser application as a control. Results showed that grain yield averaged 5.5–13.0 t/ha/year, and significant increasing trends were observed in the phosphorus-applied plots (NP, NPK, NPKM, and NPKS), but the treatments without phosphorus applied (control and NK) resulted in declining trends in both early- and late-rice yields. After long-term rice cultivation, the contents of total and available phosphorus significantly declined in phosphorus-deficient plots compared to other treatments. Regression analysis showed that the improvement in grain yields was positively correlated with the increased soil fertility over treatments. Relative to the NPK treatment, the NPKM treatment greatly enhanced soil fertility from 0.50 to 0.78, and particularly dramatically increased the content of available soil phosphorus. Therefore, the high grain yield and soil fertility can be simultaneously achieved by long-term balanced fertiliser applications in Chinese double rice-cropping systems.

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Residual effects of superficial liming on tropical soil under no-tillage system

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 1633-1642 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa ◽

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽

Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽

Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Matter Production ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Tillage System

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the long-term effects of the surface application of lime on soil fertility and on the mineral nutrition and grain yield of soybean, and of black oat and sorghum in crop succession. The experiment was carried out on a clayey Oxisol, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of lime the rates of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 kg ha-1, applied in October 2002 and November 2004. Soil samples were collected at five soil layers, down to 0.60-m depth. Surface liming was effective in reducing soil acidity and increasing Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in the subsurface. Moreover, it increased available phosphorus contents and soil organic matter in the long term (48 to 60 months after the last lime application). Surface liming improved plant nutrition, mainly for N, Ca, and Mg, and increased dry matter production and grain yield of the crops, even in years with regular distribution of rainfall. The greatest productivities of soybean, black oat, and sorghum were obtained with the respective estimated lime doses of 4,000, 2,333, and 3,281 kg ha-1, for shoot dry matter, and of 2,550, 3,555, and over 4,000 kg ha-1, for grain yield.

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Effects of Phosphorus and Carbofuran on the Growth and Nitrogen Fixation of Azolla pinnata and the Yield of Rice

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700015933 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 183-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. P. Singh ◽

P. K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Dry Season ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Azolla Pinnata ◽

Wet Season ◽

Area Index ◽

Nitrogen Yield ◽

Matter Production ◽

Dry Seasons

SUMMARYThe effects of phosphorus fertilizer and the insecticide carbofuran on the growth and N2-fixation of Azolla pinnata and on the growth, grain yield and nitrogen uptake of intercropped rice were examined in a wet and a dry season. Treatment with phosphorus or carbofuran increased the biomass of Azolla and the amount of nitrogen fixed (nitrogen yield) in both seasons, but the response was much better in the dry season. Azolla inoculation at 1.0 t ha−1 resulted in a greater bio mass and nitrogen yield than inoculation at 0.5 t ha−1. In the dry season, a combination of phosphorus and carbofuran enhanced the growth and N2-fixation of Azolla more than either treatment alone. Carbofuran treatment slowed the rate of decomposition of Azolla, particularly in the dry season. The plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production of rice at flowering time were increased in the plots treated with phosphorus or carbofuran in the wet season and these treatments increased rice grain yield and nitrogen uptake in both the wet and dry seasons.

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Nitrogen nutrition of grain sorghum under sprinkler and furrow irrigation in the tropical dry season. I. Plant establishment, nitrogen uptake, and grain yield

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/0378-4290(85)90069-3 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 203-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G.C. Wright ◽

M.A. Foale ◽

D.A. Charles-Edwards

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Dry Season ◽

Furrow Irrigation ◽

Plant Establishment

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Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects Rice Growth and Nitrogen Uptake but Not Grain Yield

cftm ◽

10.2134/cftm2018.01.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Jason M. Satterfield ◽

Gurpreet Kaur ◽

Bobby R. Golden ◽

John M. Orlowski ◽

Timothy W. Walker

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Rice Growth

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Replacing Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer with Different Types of Organic Materials Improves Grain Yield in China: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2429

Author(s):

Xiaoru Fan ◽

Zekai Chen ◽

Zihan Niu ◽

Ruiyao Zeng ◽

Jingmin Ou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Different Types ◽

Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer

Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer substitution (NSS) with different types of organic material is a cleaner agricultural practice for reducing the application of synthetic N input in farmlands while also relieving the environmental issues caused by the discharge of organic wastes. However, the effects of the NSS practice on crop yields, being the primary objective of agricultural activity, is still uncertain in China. This study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impacts of the NSS practices with different types of organic materials on crop yields. Results showed that the average crop yield was increased by 3.4%, with significant differences under NSS, thereby demonstrating that this practice contributed to improving crop yields, especially of rice and maize. According to published reports, the NSS practices involving chicken manure, pig manure, and crop straw increased crop yields by 4.79, 7.68, and 3.28%, respectively, with significant differences, thus demonstrating the superior effects needed for replacing synthetic N fertilizer. Moreover, substitution ratios (SR) between 0% and 60% could be suggested when using the NSS practice, with the high SR recommended when the original soil fertility was adequate for crops. Considering the long-term effects of applied organic materials, improving the grain yield with the NSS practice should be expected in the long-term. By effectively applying the NSS, this study attempted to scientifically decide on the type of organic materials and the appropriate SR based on the conditions of the soil and the crop. The results provide research information for the development of clean agricultural production and food security in China.

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Long-Term Green Manure Rotations Improve Soil Biochemical Properties, Yield Sustainability and Nutrient Balances in Acidic Paddy Soil under a Rice-Based Cropping System

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120780 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 780

Author(s):

Muhammad Qaswar ◽

Jing Huang ◽

Waqas Ahmed ◽

Dongchu Li ◽

Shujun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Green Manure ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Yield Sustainability ◽

Double Rice ◽

Winter Fallow

Cultivation of green manure (GM) crops in intensive cropping systems is important for enhancing crop productivity through soil quality improvement. We investigated yield sustainability, nutrient stocks, nutrient balances and enzyme activities affected by different long-term (1982–2016) green manure rotations in acidic paddy soil in a double-rice cropping system. We selected four treatments from a long-term experiment, including (1) rice-rice-winter fallow as a control treatment (R-R-F), (2) rice-rice-milkvetch (R-R-M), (3) rice-rice-rapeseed (R-R-R), and (4) rice-rice-ryegrass (R-R-G). The results showed that different GM rotations increased grain yield and the sustainable yield index compared with those of the R-R-F treatment. Compared with those of R-R-F, the average grain yield of early rice in R-R-M, R-R-R, and R-R-G increased by 45%, 29%, and 27%, respectively and that of late rice increased by 46%, 28%, and 26%, respectively. Over the years, grain yield increased in all treatments except R-R-F. Green manure also improved the soil chemical properties (SOM and total and available N and P), except soil pH, compared to those of the control treatment. During the 1983–1990 cultivation period, the soil pH of the R-R-M treatment was lower than that of the R-R-F treatment. The addition of green manure did not mitigate the soil acidification caused by the use of inorganic fertilizers. The soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and stocks of C, N and P increased over the years. Furthermore, GM significantly increased phosphatase and urease activities and decreased the apparent N and P balances compared with those in the winter fallow treatment. Variance partitioning analysis revealed that soil properties, cropping systems, and climatic factors significantly influenced annual grain yield. Aggregated boosted tree (ABT) analysis quantified the relative influences of the different soil properties on annual grain yield and showed that the relative influences of TN content, SOM, pH, and TP content on annual crop yield were 27.8%, 25.7%, 22.9%, and 20.7%, respectively. In conclusion, GM rotation is beneficial for sustaining high crop yields by improving soil biochemical properties and reducing N and P balances in acidic soil under double- rice cropping systems.

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