scholarly journals Replacing Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer with Different Types of Organic Materials Improves Grain Yield in China: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2429
Author(s):  
Xiaoru Fan ◽  
Zekai Chen ◽  
Zihan Niu ◽  
Ruiyao Zeng ◽  
Jingmin Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer

Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer substitution (NSS) with different types of organic material is a cleaner agricultural practice for reducing the application of synthetic N input in farmlands while also relieving the environmental issues caused by the discharge of organic wastes. However, the effects of the NSS practice on crop yields, being the primary objective of agricultural activity, is still uncertain in China. This study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impacts of the NSS practices with different types of organic materials on crop yields. Results showed that the average crop yield was increased by 3.4%, with significant differences under NSS, thereby demonstrating that this practice contributed to improving crop yields, especially of rice and maize. According to published reports, the NSS practices involving chicken manure, pig manure, and crop straw increased crop yields by 4.79, 7.68, and 3.28%, respectively, with significant differences, thus demonstrating the superior effects needed for replacing synthetic N fertilizer. Moreover, substitution ratios (SR) between 0% and 60% could be suggested when using the NSS practice, with the high SR recommended when the original soil fertility was adequate for crops. Considering the long-term effects of applied organic materials, improving the grain yield with the NSS practice should be expected in the long-term. By effectively applying the NSS, this study attempted to scientifically decide on the type of organic materials and the appropriate SR based on the conditions of the soil and the crop. The results provide research information for the development of clean agricultural production and food security in China.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Digestate Use for Fertilization in an Agricultural Cropping System

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1734
Author(s):  
Modupe Olufemi Doyeni ◽  
Urte Stulpinaite ◽  
Ausra Baksinskaite ◽  
Skaidre Suproniene ◽  
Vita Tilvikiene
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer

The need to find and maximize the use of alternative sources of nutrients for plants and soil environment have been on the forefront of research in sustainable agriculture. These alternatives have to be affordable, accessible, reproduceable, and efficient to compete with established inorganic fertilizers while at the same time reduce any potential negative impacts on the environment. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of digestate fertilization in an agricultural system over a period of three years. The digestate utilized in the study consisted of animal waste-based digestates, namely pig manure digestate, chicken manure digestate, and cow manure digestate, and were compared with synthetic nitrogen fertilizer. Every year, the digestate and the synthetic nitrogen fertilizer were split applied at the rate of 90 and 80 kg N ha−1. The soil chemical composition after three years of fertilization showed a slight decrease, significantly different nitrogen and carbon changes while phosphorus and potassium were significantly higher in the digestate treatments. The third year of digestate application showed higher grain yield than previous years and the yield from the digestate treatments were significantly different from the synthetic nitrogen fertilizer. The nitrogen use efficiency for the three years was in the range of 20–25 percent in the digestate treatments, with a strong correlation between the nitrogen use efficiency and the grain yield. There were varied results in the grain quality and straw quality in the digestate and synthetic nitrogen fertilizer with no clear trend observed. Our results showed a relatively high potential of animal waste digestates over the short to mid-term use with a positive result obtained in comparison to synthetic nitrogen fertilizer under favorable climatic conditions.

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and its Interaction with Temperature and Nitrogen on Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekides Woldegiorgis Gardi ◽  
Bettina I.G Haussmann ◽  
Waqas Ahmed Malik ◽  
Petra Högy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
The Mean

Abstract AimsThe general aim of this meta-analysis is to synthesize and summarise the mean response of barley yield variables to elevated CO2 (eCO2) and its interaction with temperature and N fertilization. Methods The present study quantitatively synthesized the response of barley to eCO2 and its interaction with temperature, and Nitrogen (N). A meta-analysis procedure was used to analyse five yield variables of barley extracted from 76 articles to determine the effect size and the magnitude in relation to eCO2 and its interaction with temperature and N. Results CO2 enrichment increased biomass (23.8%), grain number (24.8%), grain yield (27.4%), and thousand-grain weight (5.6%). However, responses to eCO2 were affected by genotype, additional stress, and experimental conditions. In comparison, genotype “Anakin” shows the highest response of biomass (47.1%), while “Genebank accessions” had a higher grain number (46.1%) and grain yield (57.1%) under eCO2. The maximal enhancement of barley yield was observed when plants grow under a combination of eCO2 and higher nitrogen fertilizer (>100 kg ha-1). Nevertheless, biomass (-12%), and grain yield (-17%) responses were lower when eCO2 is combined with high temperature (>25 °C). It was further noted the response of barley yield to eCO2 was higher in the growth chamber than in other CO2 exposure methods. Moreover, comparing pot-rooted versus field-rooted barley plants, a higher response of biomass and grain yield was observed for pot-rooted plants. ConclusionsOverall, results suggest that the maximal barley production under eCO2 will be obtained in combination with high nitrogen fertilizer and optimal temperature (21-25 °C).

scholarly journals Outcomes of Long-Term Conservation Tillage Research in Northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Azumah Chimsah ◽  
Liqun Cai ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Renzhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Total N

Sustainable food production has long been a priority for mankind and this is being challenged by limited arable land, challenged landscapes, and higher human population growth. China started conservation farming around the 1950’s. However, main Conservation Tillage (CT) research started in 1992. Using a systematic meta-analysis approach, this review aims at examining China’s approach to CT and to characterize the main outcomes of long-term CT research across northern China. Data from organizations in charge of CT research in China showed an improvement in crop yield of at least 4% under double cropping systems and 6% under single cropping systems in dry areas of northern China. Furthermore, long-term CT practices were reported to have improved soil physical properties (soil structure, bulk density, pore size, and aggregate stability), soil nutrient levels, and reduction in greenhouse gas emission. Other benefits include significant increase in income levels and protection of the environment. Limitations to CT practice highlighted in this study include occasional reduction in crop yields during initial years of cropping, significant reduction in total N of soils, increase in N2O emission, and the need for customized machinery for its implementation. Outcomes of CT practice are ecologically and economically beneficial though its limitations are worth cogitating.

Interactions between liming and availability of C and P regulate nitrogen transformations and denitrifying potential in an acidic arable soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Liang ◽  
Diego Abalos ◽  
Lars Elsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Limed Soil

<p>Liming to increase pH of acidic soils is a common agricultural practice to optimize crop yields, which also modulates greenhouse gas emissions from soils. In particular, soil pH has been identified as a primary regulator of denitrification pathways with enhanced ratio of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) to dinitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) emissions (i.e., enhanced N<sub>2</sub>O/N<sub>2</sub> ratio) at lower soil pH. Therefore liming could represent a potential management option to mitigate soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. However, changes in soil pH have pervasive effects on general microbial activity and on soil properties, including transformations of carbon (C) and bioavailability of phosphorus (P), with a feedback on microbial processes. Thus, the eventual net effects of liming on microbially derived N<sub>2</sub>O emissions may be complex. The aim of this study was to discern the interaction between liming (soil pH), and availability of C and P in regulating N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from acidic fertilized agroecosystems. Using coarse sandy soils from a long-term liming field experiment, N<sub>2</sub>O/N<sub>2</sub> ratios from denitrifying enzyme activity was shown to be strongly affected by liming, i.e., with gradually decreasing ratios at increasing soil pH. Although liming acidic soil (pH, 3.6) to almost neutral (pH, 6.4) favored the reduction of N<sub>2</sub>O to N<sub>2</sub>, it also enhanced the overall denitrification rate, which eventually resulted in the highest N<sub>2</sub>O emission from moderately limed treatments (pH, 4.7). Interactions between P availability and denitrification (and N<sub>2</sub>O emission) occurred, where P addition generally increased cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O emissions with strongest effect at the moderately limed soil. Mechanistic hypotheses for this effect are discussed. Overall, our results suggest that a critical liming rate should be pursued which may lead to substantial mitigation of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from acidic arable soil.</p>

scholarly journals FUNCTIONING OF NITROGEN FIXATION SYMBIOSIS AND PEAS PRODUCTIVITY UNDER THE APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND DOSES OF FERTILIZERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
L. V. Tsentylo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Sowing Seed

The efficiency of different types and doses of fertilizers and pre-sowing bacterization of pea seeds (Starter variety) on the formation and functioning of symbiotic nitrogen fixation system, crop productivity and protein content in grain was studied in long-term field experiment on the typical black soil for five years. It was shown that fertilizer doses not exceeding N60P60K60 were the most appropriate to use in the cultivation technology of pea. The use of manure, compost and organic-mineral fertilizer in crop rotation had positively affected the productivity of peas. Pre-sowing seed bacterization was proved to be an important agricultural practice as its application increases crop productivity and improves product quality.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of long-term effects of conservation agriculture on maize grain yield under rain-fed conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Rusinamhodzi ◽  
Marc Corbeels ◽  
Mark T. van Wijk ◽  
Mariana C. Rufino ◽  
Justice Nyamangara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain

RESPONSE OF WHEAT–RICE AND MAIZE/MILLET SYSTEMS TO FERTILIZER AND MANURE APPLICATIONS IN THE MID-HILLS OF NEPAL

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Sherchan ◽  
C. J. Pilbeam ◽  
P. J. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Double Cropping

Farmers in the mid-hills of Nepal have a mix of rainfed land on which millet is grown in relay after maize (maize/millet), and irrigated land on which wheat is grown sequentially after rice (wheat–rice). Double cropping is the norm but the diminishing quantities of organic materials, coupled with the trend towards increased use of inorganic fertilizers, have raised questions about the long-term productivity and sustainability of the cropping systems. The aim of this work was to examine the long-term effects (eight years) on grain yield of additions of manure and fertilizer either singly or in combination. Maize/millet and wheat–rice rotations were established on a Dystochrept at Pakhribas Agricultural Centre at about 1450 m altitude. Manure and fertilizer applications were applied to the maize (eight combinations in May) and the wheat (different rates in seven combinations in November) every year with the succeeding crops (millet and rice) utilizing residual nutrients. Yields of maize, millet and rice were greater when manure rather than fertilizer was applied but yields of wheat were less. The combined application of manure and fertilizer significantly increased yields of maize and wheat compared with applications of either manure or fertilizer alone. However, for the subsequent crops (millet and rice) there was either a small residual benefit of the combined application when compared with fertilizer alone, or no benefit when compared with manure alone. Overall, the combined application increased total grain yields by about 35% in the maize/millet rotation and by 16% in the wheat–rice rotation. There was no trend in yields in response to treatment with time.

Long-term Productivity of Intensive Rice Cropping Systems on the Central Plain of Thailand

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Walcott ◽  
M. Chauviroj ◽  
A. Chinchest ◽  
P. Choticheuy ◽  
R. Ferraris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Rice Cropping Systems

SUMMARYThe productivity of seven multiple rice-cropping systems, utilizing a short-duration cultivar under irrigation, were assessed over 5 years. Systems of one, two and three crops a year were compared. Multiple cropping reduced grain yield, panicles m-2, total dry matter and nitrogen uptake per crop. However, the unfertilized three-crop-per-year system averaged 9·1 t grain, 17·1 t DM and 126 kg N ha-1 per annum, without showing a long term decline in productivity. Recovery and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer were generally low compared to other experiments, and were highest for the early dry season cropping period.

Robust method for estimating grain yield in western Kenya during the growing seasons

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Mugalavai ◽  
Emmanuel C. Kipkorir
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Aquacrop Model

Uncertainties caused by climate change and population explosion require suitable methods for estimating grain yield during the growing seasons. This paper evaluates the applicability of the AquaCrop model in the region of western Kenya. The objectives of the study were to: simulate the long-term maize crop yields for the region using AquaCrop model for variable climate scenarios, and estimate the expected yield for the ongoing season. Climate was classified into below normal (<x̅ − 1∂), normal (between x̅ − 1∂ and x̅ + 1∂) and above normal (>x̅ + 1∂) conditions based on the Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) convention. Simulation of grain yield was based on model calibration results, periodic KMD forecasts and the long-term mean for the seasons. The calibrated model is able to estimate both long-term seasonal grain yield and expected harvest for the ongoing season based on climatic conditions that are compared with the long-term seasonal characteristics and complemented by meteorological forecasts. The ongoing season yield simulation was based on persistence theory of Markov processes whose results strongly correlated (r = 0.9) with actual seasonal observed yield.

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