Variance in the reproductive success of flat oyster Ostrea edulis L. assessed by parentage analyses in natural and experimental conditions

SummaryIn order to document further the phenomena of variance in reproductive success in natural populations of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis, two complementary studies based on natural and experimental populations were conducted. The first part of this work was focused on paternity analyses using a set of four microsatellite markers for larvae collected from 13 brooding females sampled in Quiberon Bay (Brittany, France). The number of individuals contributing as the male parent to each progeny assay was highly variable, ranging from 2 to more than 40. Moreover, paternal contributions showed a much skewed distribution, with some males contributing to 50–100% of the progeny assay. The second part of this work consisted of the analysis of six successive cohorts experimentally produced from an acclimated broodstock (62 wild oysters sampled in the Quiberon Bay). Allelic richness was significantly higher in the adult population than in the temporal cohorts collected. Genetic differentiation (Fst estimates) was computed for each pair of samples and all significant values ranged from 0·7 to 11·9%. A limited effective number of breeders (generally below 25) was estimated in the six temporal cohorts. The study gives first indications of the high variance in reproductive success as well as a reduced effective size, not only under experimental conditions but also in the wild. Surprisingly, the pool of the successive cohorts, based on the low number of loci used, appeared to depict a random and representative set of alleles of the progenitor population, indicating that the detection of patterns of temporal genetic differentiation at a local scale most likely depends on the sampling window.

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REPRODUCTION IN CAGE POPULATIONS OF A POLYMORPHISM REGULARLY OBSERVED IN THE NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN FRANCE

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/88.4.755 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 755-759

Author(s):

Annie Fleuriet

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Rate Of Return ◽

Rapid Rate ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Co2 Sensitivity ◽

In The Wild ◽

Strong Forces

ABSTRACT Polymorphism for both alleles of a gene ref(2)P, which is a usual trait of French natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster, can be reproduced in experimental conditions. ref(2)P is a gene for resistance to the hereditary, noncontagious Rhabdovirus α, responsible for CO2 sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster. The equilibrium frequencies observed in cages are the same as in the wild, whether α virus is present or not. The rapid rate of return to these equilibrium frequencies indicates that strong forces, which remain to be determined, are responsible for the maintenance of this polymorphism.

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Home ground advantage: Local Atlantic salmon have higher reproductive fitness than dispersers in the wild

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aav1112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. eaav1112 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kenyon B. Mobley ◽

Hanna Granroth-Wilding ◽

Mikko Ellmen ◽

Juha-Pekka Vähä ◽

Tutku Aykanat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Local Adaptation ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Juvenile Fish ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Parentage Analysis ◽

Population Divergence ◽

Natal Habitat ◽

In The Wild

A long-held, but poorly tested, assumption in natural populations is that individuals that disperse into new areas for reproduction are at a disadvantage compared to individuals that reproduce in their natal habitat, underpinning the eco-evolutionary processes of local adaptation and ecological speciation. Here, we capitalize on fine-scale population structure and natural dispersal events to compare the reproductive success of local and dispersing individuals captured on the same spawning ground in four consecutive parent-offspring cohorts of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Parentage analysis conducted on adults and juvenile fish showed that local females and males had 9.6 and 2.9 times higher reproductive success than dispersers, respectively. Our results reveal how higher reproductive success in local spawners compared to dispersers may act in natural populations to drive population divergence and promote local adaptation over microgeographic spatial scales without clear morphological differences between populations.

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Sustainable large‐scale production of European flat oyster ( Ostrea edulis ) seed for ecological restoration and aquaculture: a review

Reviews in Aquaculture ◽

10.1111/raq.12529 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bérenger Colsoul ◽

Pierre Boudry ◽

María Luz Pérez‐Parallé ◽

Ana Bratoš Cetinić ◽

Tristan Hugh‐Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecological Restoration ◽

Large Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Ostrea Edulis ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Flat Oyster

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Gut Microbiota Dynamics in Natural Populations of Pintomyia evansi under Experimental Infection with Leishmania infantum

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061214 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1214

Author(s):

Rafael José Vivero ◽

Victor Alfonso Castañeda-Monsalve ◽

Luis Roberto Romero ◽

Gregory D. Hurst ◽

Gloria Cadavid-Restrepo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Leishmania Infantum ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Urban Environments ◽

High Load ◽

Leishmania Infection ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Negative Effect

Pintomyia evansi is recognized by its vectorial competence in the transmission of parasites that cause fatal visceral leishmaniasis in rural and urban environments of the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The effect on and the variation of the gut microbiota in female P. evansi infected with Leishmania infantum were evaluated under experimental conditions using 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. In the coinfection assay with L. infantum, 96.8% of the midgut microbial population was composed mainly of Proteobacteria (71.0%), followed by Cyanobacteria (20.4%), Actinobacteria (2.7%), and Firmicutes (2.7%). In insect controls (uninfected with L. infantum) that were treated or not with antibiotics, Ralstonia was reported to have high relative abundance (55.1–64.8%), in contrast to guts with a high load of infection from L. infantum (23.4–35.9%). ASVs that moderately increased in guts infected with Leishmania were Bacillus and Aeromonas. Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric variance statistical inference showed statistically significant intergroup differences in the guts of P. evansi infected and uninfected with L. infantum (p < 0.05), suggesting that some individuals of the microbiota could induce or restrict Leishmania infection. This assay also showed a negative effect of the antibiotic treatment and L. infantum infection on the gut microbiota diversity. Endosymbionts, such as Microsporidia infections (<2%), were more often associated with guts without Leishmania infection, whereas Arsenophonus was only found in guts with a high load of Leishmania infection and treated with antibiotics. Finally, this is the first report that showed the potential role of intestinal microbiota in natural populations of P. evansi in susceptibility to L. infantum infection.

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GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTANT POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/101.2.235 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 235-256

Author(s):

Rama S Singh ◽

Donal A Hickey ◽

Jean David

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Gene Frequency ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Allozyme Variation ◽

Clinal Variation ◽

Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽

African Populations ◽

Latitudinal Clines ◽

North And South

ABSTRACT We have studied allozyme variation at 26 gene loci in nine populations of Drosophila melanogaster originating on five different continents. The distant populations show significant genetic differentiation. However, only half of the loci studied have contributed to this differentiation; the other half show identical patterns in all populations. The genetic differentiation in North American, European and African populations is correlated with the major climatic differences between north and south. These differences arise mainly from seven loci that show gene-frequency patterns suggestive of latitudinal clines in allele frequencies. The clinal variation is such that subtropical populations are more heterozygous than temperate populations. These results are discussed in relation to the selectionist and neutralist hypotheses of genetic variation in natural populations.

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Flow cytometric analysis of European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, haemocytes using a monoclonal antibody specific for granulocytes

Fish & Shellfish Immunology ◽

10.1006/fsim.2000.0312 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 269-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Tristan Renault ◽

Qing-Gang Xue ◽

Stefan Chilmonczyk

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Ostrea Edulis ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Flat Oyster

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Presence of the parasite Marteilia sp. in the flat oyster (Ostrea edulis L) in Greece

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.008 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 259 (1-4) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. Virvilis ◽

P. Angelidis

Keyword(s):

Ostrea Edulis ◽

Flat Oyster

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In vivo immunostimulation of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis and tissue targeting by microspheres uptake

Fish & Shellfish Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.fsi.2013.03.290 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1731

Author(s):

M. Prado-Alvarez ◽

G. Darmody ◽

S. Lynch ◽

A. Maloy ◽

J. Cotterill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ostrea Edulis ◽

Tissue Targeting ◽

Flat Oyster

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An ecological explanation for hyperallometric scaling of reproduction

10.1101/2021.03.12.435090 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tomos Potter ◽

Anja Felmy

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Reproductive Output ◽

Resource Competition ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Scaling Exponent ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Wet Season ◽

Size Dependent ◽

In The Wild ◽

The Relationship

AbstractIn wild populations, large individuals have disproportionately higher reproductive output than smaller individuals. We suggest an ecological explanation for this observation: asymmetry within populations in rates of resource assimilation, where greater assimilation causes both increased reproduction and body size. We assessed how the relationship between size and reproduction differs between wild and lab-reared Trinidadian guppies. We show that (i) reproduction increased disproportionately with body size in the wild but not in the lab, where effects of resource competition were eliminated; (ii) in the wild, the scaling exponent was greatest during the wet season, when resource competition is strongest; and (iii) detection of hyperallometric scaling of reproduction is inevitable if individual differences in assimilation are ignored. We propose that variation among individuals in assimilation – caused by size-dependent resource competition, niche expansion, and chance – can explain patterns of hyperallometric scaling of reproduction in natural populations.

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