The alluvial architecture of the Coevorden Field (Upper Carboniferous), the Netherlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kombrink ◽  
J.S. Bridge ◽  
E. Stouthamer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Upper Carboniferous ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Sandstone Body ◽  
Alluvial Architecture ◽  
Tectonic Movements

AbstractA detailed reconstruction of the alluvial architecture of the Coevorden gas Field (Tubbergen Formation, Upper Carboniferous), which is located in the northeastern part of the Netherlands, is presented. This reconstruction is based on well logs, cross-sections and paleogeographic maps. Sedimentological analysis of a 93 m long core allowed to refine the interpretation of the depositional environment. Accurate width determinations are necessary to correctly correlate fluvial sandbodies and reconstruct alluvial architecture. Without using sedimentological information, sandbody width is likely to be overestimated. A method developed by Bridge and Tye (2000) was used to calculate the width of one sandstone body from cross-set thicknesses. On the basis of this calculation and the paleogeographic reconstructions, it may be stated that on average the width of the channel belts we studied in the Coevorden field does not exceed 4 km. Moreover, our paleogeographic reconstructions, which point to a northwestern direction of paleoflow, are in accordance with earlier observations from the study area. The Tubbergen Formation and time-equivalent sediments in Germany are reviewed briefly to put the Coevorden Field in a regional context. The thickness of the Tubbergen Formation is ∼450 m in our study area. In the adjacent German area, time-equivalent sedimentary sequences reach higher thicknesses. This may be attributed to tectonic movements along the Gronau Fault zone and the coming into existence of the Ems Low, of which the Coevorden Field is the westernmost part.

scholarly journals From apex to shoreline: fluvio-deltaic architecture for the Holocene Rhine–Meuse delta, the Netherlands

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Marc J. P. Gouw ◽  
Marc P. Hijma
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Channel Belt ◽  
Sand Body ◽  
Spatial Trends ◽  
Alluvial Architecture

Abstract. Despite extensive research on alluvial architecture, there is still a pressing need for data from modern fluvio-deltaic environments. Previous research in the fluvial-dominated proximal and central Rhine–Meuse delta (the Netherlands) has yielded clear spatial trends in alluvial architecture. In this paper, we include the backwater length to establish architectural trends from apex to shoreline. Channel-belt sand body width / thickness ratios and interconnectedness were determined, and the proportions of fluvial channel-belt deposits, fluvial overbank deposits, organics and intertidal deposits were calculated for the complete fluvio-deltaic wedge based on high-resolution geological cross sections. It was found that the average width / thickness ratio of channel-belt sand bodies in the proximal delta is 5 times higher than in the distal delta. Other down-valley trends include an 80 % decrease in the channel deposit proportion (CDP) and a near-constant proportion of overbank deposits. Additionally, interconnectedness in the proximal delta is 3 times higher than in the distal delta. Based on the Rhine–Meuse dataset, we propose a linear empirical function to model the spatial variability of CDP. It is argued that this relationship is driven by four key factors: channel lateral-migration rate, channel-belt longevity, creation of accommodation space and inherited floodplain width. Additionally, it is established that the sensitivity of CDP to changes in the ratio between channel-belt sand body width and floodplain width (normalized channel-belt sand body width) varies spatially and is greatest in the central and distal delta. Furthermore, the proportion of fluvial channel-belt sands is generally an appropriate proxy for the total sand content of fluvio-deltaic successions, although its suitability as a total sand indicator rapidly fades in the distal delta. Characteristics of the backwater zone of the Rhine–Meuse delta are (1) sand body width / thickness ratios that are lower as a consequence of channel narrowing (not deepening), (2) a rapid increase and then a drop in the organic proportion, (3) an increase in the total sand proportion towards the shoreline, and (4) a drop in the connectedness ratio. For this paper, unique high-resolution quantitative data and spatial trends of the alluvial architecture are presented for an entire delta, providing data that can be used to further improve existing fluvial stratigraphy models.

scholarly journals Methane emissions in the Netherlands: The Groningen field

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara I. Yacovitch ◽  
Bruno Neininger ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
Hugo Denier van der Gon ◽  
Sander Jonkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Individual Site

The Groningen natural gas field in the Netherlands – one of Europe’s major gas fields – deploys a “production cluster” infrastructure with extraction, some processing and storage in a single facility. This region is also the site of intensive agriculture and cattle operations. We present results from a multi-scale measurement campaign of methane emissions, including ground and airborne-based estimates. Results are compared with inventory at both the facility and regional level. Investigation of production cluster emissions in the Groningen gas field shows that production volume alone is not a good indicator of whether, and how much, a site is emitting methane. Sites that are nominally shut down may still be emitting, and vice-versa. As a result, the inventory emission factors applied to these sites (i.e. weighted by production) do a poor job of reproducing individual site emissions. Additional facility-level case studies are presented, including a plume at 150 ± 50 kg CH4 hr–1 with an unidentified off-shore emission source, a natural gas storage facility and landfills. Methane emissions in a study region covering 6000 km2 and including the majority of the Groningen field are dominated by biogenic sources (e.g. agriculture, wetlands, cattle). Total methane emissions (8 ± 2 Mg hr–1) are lower than inventory predictions (14 Mg hr–1) but the proportion of fossil fuel sources is higher than indicated by the inventory. Apportionment of methane emissions between thermogenic and biogenic source types used ethane/methane ratios in aircraft flasks and ground-based source characterization. We find that emissions from the oil and gas sector account for 20% of regional methane, with 95% confidence limits of (0%, 51%). The experimental uncertainties bound the inventory apportionment of 1.9%, though the central estimate of 20% exceeds this result by nearly 10 times. This study’s uncertainties demonstrate the need for additional research focusing on emissions apportionment, inventory refinement and offshore platforms.

Age and depositional environment of the Sainte-Anne Formation (Armorican Massif, France): the oldest (Emsian) evidence for mountain erosion in the Variscan belt

2009 ◽  
Vol 180 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Ducassou ◽  
Christine Strullu-Derrien ◽  
Michel Ballevre ◽  
Marie-Pierre Dabard ◽  
Philippe Gerrienne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Variscan Orogeny ◽  
Variscan Belt ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
Volcanic Origin ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Erosion Level ◽  
Continental Area ◽  
Armorican Massif

Abstract The palaeogeography of the internal zones of the Variscan belt during the early stages of the convergence remains unclear. Sedimentary sequences that recorded the denudation of an early relief have generally been removed by erosion. In the Chalonnes area (southeast of the Armorican Massif), the reefal carbonates of the Chalonnes Formation (Fm) are overlain by the immature, poorly-sorted sandstones of the Sainte-Anne Fm. This formation is characterised by the occurrence of gravity flow deposits and contains immature and poorly sorted sandstones with a large amount of plant debris and lithic fragments, suggesting a depositional environment in a delta front dominated by floods. A revision of the palaeoflora content allows to assign an Emsian age to the Sainte-Anne Fm. Lithic fragments are mainly of sedimentary and volcanic origin, suggesting moderate erosion level of the source area. Palaeocurrent data indicate a southern origin for the sediments. These features collectively demonstrate that the Sainte-Anne Fm is the record of the erosion of a continental area located farther south, and experiencing incipient tectonic uplift during the Emsian. The Sainte-Anne Fm could represent therefore the earliest record in France of the very first stages of the Variscan orogeny.

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