scholarly journals A Syriac Parallel to the Golden Rule

1921 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
William H. P. Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Golden Rule ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Form ◽  
Philosophical Dialogue

Numerous parallels to the Golden Rule of Matt. 7, 12 and Luke 6, 31 have been found in various writers. Most of these are Jewish or Christian, but some of them are far remote in time and place from Judaism and Christianity. Sometimes the precept is put in the positive form and sometimes in the negative, more frequently in the latter. A Syriac parallel, particularly interesting because it combines the two forms, seems to have been hitherto overlooked. It occurs in the philosophical dialogue entitled The Book of the Laws of the Countries, and is as follows: “For there are two commandments set before us, which are meet and right for free-will: one, that we should depart from everything that is evil and we hate to have done to ourselves; and the other, that we should do whatever is good and we love, and are pleased to have it done so also to ourselves.”

scholarly journals Les Amours de Psyché et de Cupidon de Jean La Fontaine comme exemple de prosimètre

2016 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Alicja Rychlewska-Delimat
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Dialogue ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Narrative Poem

The loves of Psyche and Cupid by La Fontaine is a romance of mixed genres, combining the features of a tale, a narrative poem and a philosophical dialogue. The author of this study classifies it as a prosimetrum, to focus her analysis, on the one hand – upon the interrelation between prose and verse, functions and means of introducing rhyming parts, etc., on the other hand – examining metatextual texts of the narrator who provokes interesting aesthetic reflection.

scholarly journals Motivational Situations of Choice

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Elliott ◽  
◽  
Paul Story ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
External Regulation ◽  
Extra Credit ◽  
Instructor Feedback ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
Regulation Strategies

The present research explores situations that demonstrate enhancing effects on motivation based on the amount of choice seen by individuals. Individuals who are intrinsically motivated see more choice in certain academic settings, including those that foster self-regulation and autonomy. Extrinsically motivated individuals are predicted to see more promise in reward and external regulation strategies. We identified six separate situations: a free will situation, a learning of materials situation, an instructor feedback situation, an extra credit situation, and two time-based situations. Four of these situations target a certain type of motivation, either intrinsic or extrinsic. The other two situations were used as a means to analyze pressure and tension due to time constraints. The goal of the present research was to identify correlations in these crafted situations with motivational measures from previous studies which examined choice and autonomy.

Animal rights – Jewish perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronen Pinkas
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Golden Rule ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Paradigmatic Change

This article raises the question why is it that, despite Jewish tradition devoting much thought to the status and treatment of animals and showing strict adherence to the notion of preventing their pain and suffering, ethical attitudes to animals are not dealt with systematically in the writings of Jewish philosophers and have not received sufficient attention in the context of moral monotheism. What has prevented the expansion of the golden rule: »Love your fellow as yourself: I am the LORD« (Lev 19,18) and »That which is hateful to you do not do to another« (BT Shabbat 31a:6; JT Nedarim 30b:1) to animals? Why is it that the moral responsibility for the fellow-man, the neighbor, or the other, has been understood as referring only to a human companion? Does the demand for absolute moral responsibility spoken from the face of the other, which Emmanuel Levinas emphasized in his ethics, not radiate from the face of the non-human other as well? Levinas’s ethics explicitly negates the principle of reciprocity and moral symmetry: The ›I‹ is committed to the other, regardless of the other’s attitude towards him. Does the affinity to the eternal Thou which Martin Buber also discovers in plants and animals not require a paradigmatic change in the attitude towards animals?

scholarly journals improvising inquiry in the community: the teacher profile

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (36) ◽  
pp. 01-17
Author(s):  
Eleonora Zorzi ◽  
Marina Santi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Dialogue ◽  
Jazz Pedagogy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Improvising involves participants adopting attitudes and dispositions that make them welcoming towards what happens, even when it is unforeseen. How is the discourse on improvisation and a disposition to improvise in the community connected to the concept of inquiry? What type of reasoning can be developed? This paper aims to reflect on two different perspectives. On the one hand, we consider the feasibility of improvising inquiry in the community, promoting inquiry as an activity that can be developed extemporaneously when teacher and students form a community with an “improvising” habitus. On the other hand, we underscore the intrinsic improvisational dimension of inquiry that takes shape in philosophical dialogue in the community. To develop these two educational and formative perspectives, participants students and particularly teachers must first acquire a “readiness” for improvisation which is a sort of complex attitude. Some results of previous research on improvisation are presented to explain and emphasize the features of this complex disposition. Teachers who improvise suddenly open a window on events happening in the community, serving as an example for the class which is invited to do the same. Teachers thus become improviser-facilitators within the community, embracing the feature of a new jazz-pedagogy at the same time. 

scholarly journals Mere Civility, or Genuine Forgiveness? Prosocial Consequences of Belief in Free Will

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Carmody ◽  
Kristi C. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Beliefs ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Pro Social Behavior

Recent empirical findings suggest that greater belief in free will predicts positive behavioral outcomes, such as lowered aggression, decreased cheating, bettered work performance, and improved learning. To expand on this research, the current investigation re-examines the link between stronger belief in free will and pro-social behavior in the context of transgressions in interpersonal relationships. Taking into account that one’s philosophical beliefs can fluctuate in strength and across time, we conducted a daily diary survey of 85 undergraduates who reported interpersonal offenses for 14 days. Data were analyzed with a multi-level approach. We found that believing more strongly in free will was associated with greater decisional forgiveness, but was unrelated to emotional forgiveness. Higher levels of belief in scientific determinism, on the other hand, were related to greater emotional forgiveness. These relationships were not mediated by relationship attributions.

scholarly journals Divine Foreknowledge and Human Free Will

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Zagzebski
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
The Other ◽  
Divine Foreknowledge ◽  
Christian Philosophy ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Future

If God knows everything he must know the future, and if he knows the future he must know the future acts of his creatures. But then his creatures must act as he knows they will act. How then can they be free? This dilemma has a long history in Christian philosophy and is now as hotly disputed as ever. The medieval scholastics were virtually unanimous in claiming both that God is omniscient and that humans have free will, though they disagreed in their accounts of how the two are compatible. With the Reformation the debate became even more lively since there were Protestant philosophers who denied both claims, and many philosophers ever since have either thought it impossible to reconcile them or have thought it possible only because they weaken one or the other.

FC31-05 - Mental disorder and moral responsibility

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1993-1993
Author(s):  
G. Meynen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The One

IntroductionMental disorders are often considered to be able to undermine a person's moral responsibility, at least in some respect. Yet, it is unclear exactly how mental disorders would be capable of compromising a person's responsibility. Sometimes, it is suggested that mental disorders undermine responsibility via some detrimental effect on free will.ObjectivesEstablishing to what extent the effect of mental disorder on moral responsibility might be due to an effect on free will, and to what extent other factors might play a role.AimsProviding an analysis of the concept of free will and assessing the relevance of the elements of this concept with respect to mental disorders. Second, establishing what other - not free will related - factors might be relevant to the intuition that mental disorders can undermine responsibility.MethodsConceptual analysis with respect to free will and moral responsibility on the one hand and specific features of mental disorders on the other.ResultsSome of the responsibility-undermining features of mental disorders could have to do primarily with free will related issues. However, for some other aspects it is less clear. In fact, they might be more epistemic in nature instead of having to do with free will.ConclusionsThe possible effects of mental disorders on moral responsibility are likely to involve also other than free will related factors.

scholarly journals Assessing Anas’ Methodology of Undercover Investigative Journalism in the Light of the Doctrine of Free Will

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Isaac Boaheng
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
General Public ◽  
The Other ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Corruption is a major problem in the world but more so in Africa. Different efforts have been put in place to curb this social problem but corruption still persists. In Ghana, investigative journalist Anas Aremeyaw Anas has joined the fight against corruption and has made various revelations that have helped the government and the general populace in one way or the other. Anas’ methodology has however attracted various comments from the general public concerning how ethical this approach could be. This article aims at assessing the investigative journalism methodology used by Ghanaian undercover investigative journalist Anas Aremeyaw Anas in the light of the doctrine of free will to determine if this methodology is a breach of free will or not. Analyzing data extracted from articles, books, and others, the paper concludes that the choice of Anas’ victims to involve themselves in corrupt practices is done out of their own free will and hence they are fully responsible for their decisions.

scholarly journals Sociality and Magical Language

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Good And Evil

On a certain reading, the respective theories of Freud and Nietzsche might be described as exploring the suffered relational histories of the subject, who is driven by need; these histories might also be understood as histories of language. This suggests a view of language as a complicated mode of identifying-with, which obliges linguistic subjects to identify the non-identical, but also enables them to simultaneously identify with each other in the psychoanalytic sense. This ambivalent space of psychoanalytic identification would be conditioned by relational histories. On one hand, this might lead to conformity within a system of language as a shared, obligatory compromise formation that would defend against the non-identical; magical language, typified in Freud’s critique of animism and in Nietzsche’s critique of “free will” guided by absolute normative signifiers (“Good” and “Evil”), would be symptomatic of this sort of defense. On the other hand, given other relational histories, it may produce the possibility for more transitional modes of identification, and thereby modes of language that can bear its suffered histories, and lead to proliferation of singular compromise formations. It is suggested that while the former is historically dominant, Nietzsche and various psychoanalytic thinkers contribute to conceiving of the possibility of working ourselves towards the latter.

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