The Importance of Underpinning Indigenous Research Using African Indigenous Philosophies

This study uses secondary data to discuss views of indigenous scholars on the importance of using African indigenous philosophies as underpinnings for indigenous research in order to reclaim the dignity of African indigenous knowledge. For many years, African indigenous knowledge has been marginalized and constructed using Western worldviews and methods. African indigenous philosophies were deemed non-existent and non-fitting to be in the academic space by many non-indigenous scholars who believed that indigenous research methods cannot be developed because there are no specific generalized frameworks. In correcting and reclaiming the knowledge and dignity of African indigenous knowledge, this study argues for the decolonization and indigenization of research by utilizing African indigenous philosophies which focuses on African philosophical beliefs and values, that constitute their own way of living, doing, and being. Such research will prevent indigenous people's knowledge from being misrepresented, divided, mystified, commodified, condensed, and misinterpreted.

Singer of the Trans-Baikal Cossacks: F. F. Tyutchev in the Russian-Japanese War

Russian Army and Border guard Colonel Fyodor Fyodorovich Tyutchev (1860–1916), a well – known chronicler of the Russian army and the border guard, served in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905.The purpose of the publication is a comprehensive description of the stay in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904– 1905. The work used sources that had not been previously introduced into scientific circulation, which allowed analyzing the formation of F. F. Tyutchev as a military professional, as well as concretizing the literary and aesthetic concept of the writer. Russian-Japanese War correspondent F. F. Tyutchev, being a correspondent of the newspaper Novoe Vremya, promptly transmitted “hot” information about the affairs of the Russian army to the editorial office. The writer collecting material for future literary works talked with the participants of the Japanese campaign, valuing the opportunity to have conversations not only with the lower ranks who were on the front line but also with the generals whose decisions the outcome of hostilities sometimes depended on. According to the works by Fyodor Fedorovich, we can judge not only the events that took place in the Far East but also analyze the writer’s civil and author’s position, investigate his philosophical beliefs on what is happening, clarify his thoughts, compare the assessments given to him from what he saw and experienced in the war. The presented article develops scientific ideas and traditions in the field of national historiography, generalizing and analyzing individual, previously unknown materials about the Russian-Japanese war and its participants. F. F. Tyutchev, being on the staff of the 1st Argun regiment not only participated in the fighting but also proved himself as a talented artist of the word, conveying the truth of the Japanese campaign in his writings, creating a portrait gallery of the personnel of the regiments of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army.

Historiography as a Subject of Conceptual and Axiological Analysis (Based on Sources about MICHEL MONTAIGNE)

The paper presents the procedure and results of conceptual and axiological analysis based on sources related to life and work of the XVIth century writer, humanist, and philosopher Michel Montaigne. The aim of the conceptual and axiological analysis is to identify notional, ontological, and value-based categories in the prepared historiographical corpus. The analysis was based on Russian, English, French, Italian, German, and Ukrainian texts related to scientific and historical discourse of various themes but united in personality of M. Montaigne. The study appeals to the term personal historiography introduced and used as textual repertory, which forms a well-balances corpus representing the information about a person in the example of M. Montaigne. Several conceptual and axiological components are revealed on the paratextual layer. The linguistic-axiological analysis of titles of texts about M. Montaigne aims to reveal recurrent means used to express verbal subjective evaluations and axiological dominants in modern researchers` discourse dedicated to life, work, and art of the Renaissance philosopher. The overall purpose of the multidisciplinary study of titles, which includes lexical, semantical, conceptual, axiological and content-analysis is to classify concepts, representing central concerns of Montaigne`s researchers, but also to identify axiological dominants of these researches. The analysis resulted in the determination of several basic concept fields perceived as set of concepts` representations with common features. All the recurrent concepts belong to highly various fields: philosophical beliefs; writing; values and anti-values; others; self-identity; intertextuality; politics; physicality; teaching and education. The formed historiographical corpus contains researches focused on all-round reconstruction of personality, creation, ways of thinking, and acts of M. Montaigne. The relevance of the study is ensured by the discovered conceptual multivalence, which indicates the lack of consensus between scientists in the field of M. Montaigne`s personality.

THE DECLINE OF POLITICAL THEORY?

Рассматривается идея заката, упадка, смерти политической теории, декларируемая западными авторами. This theme is discussed by philosophers and scientists. The idea of the decline of political theory, declared by some Western authors, is analyzed within the article’s format as possessing no sound epistemological foundations able to prove its validity. Its supporters wrongly assume that political science as a form of scientific knowledge should not be conceivable as different from political philosophy which is based on another sort of philosophical beliefs and knowledge structure.

A Few Words about Health Care Law

Every person has the right to health care and the opportunity to achieve the highest possible level of health. Every person is obliged to take care of their health. No one should endanger the health of other people. Every person is obliged to provide first aid to an injured or sick person in accordance with their knowledge and abilities and to provide them with access to the nearest medical institution. Every citizen has the right to health care while respecting the highest possible standard of human rights and values, i.e. the right to physical and mental integrity and security of his personality, as well as respect for his moral, cultural, religious and philosophical beliefs.

Social Media Utilization in Discourse Coalitions: The Opt-Out Movement in Ohio

Background While journalists claim social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have been central to the growth of the opt-out movement, there is a lack of empirical research that examines its use by participants. We address this gap by highlighting findings related to the usage of social media by opt-out participants in Ohio. Purpose This study examines how the ideologically diverse participants in the Ohio opt-out movement utilized social media to support their activism. Subjects 183 Ohioans who opted their child(ren) out during the 2014–15 academic year completed a survey about their reasons for opting out. Fifteen of the survey respondents were also interviewed. Research Design This mixed methods study uses both survey data and qualitative interviews as sources of evidence. Results The findings show participants utilized social media for networking, knowledge acquisition, knowledge mobilization, and support. Social media was a valuable tool for coordinating the efforts of participants. Conclusions This study demonstrates how social media supported the development of a discourse coalition by enabling connections among actors with diverse political and philosophical beliefs and extending valuable networking opportunities across district and state lines.