TOWARDS A HISTORY OF GLOBAL HUMANITARIANISM

We are currently witnessing the emergence of global humanitarianism as a fully fledged historical field. Eighteenth-century transatlantic abolitionists, nineteenth-century imperial missionaries, twentieth-century aid workers, and twenty-first-century activists inhabit the pages of more and more published books and articles. Global humanitarianism denotes a sphere of action as well as an object of study. Questions as to where or what the global is persist. The books under review all operate within the sphere of Western influence: North America, the British empire, or former colonies. They also have similar protagonists. They are largely populated with practitioners of humanitarianism, rather than the objects of their beneficence. This raises some questions. Where does global humanitarianism take place and who does it encompass? Is global humanitarianism inherently enmeshed with Western expansionism and unequal power dynamics?

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Culture Chronology and Change

Graphing Culture Change in North American Archaeology ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198871156.003.0002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-28

Author(s):

R. Lee Lyman

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

North America ◽

North American ◽

First Century ◽

American People ◽

Chronological Order ◽

Native North American ◽

History Of ◽

Chronological Sequence ◽

Twenty First Century

Archaeology emerged as part of the general discipline of anthropology in North America, the overall focus of which for the first five or six decades of the twentieth century was to write the history of the culture of each group of native North American people. The goal of writing a culture’s history could only be accomplished by placing artifacts in a chronological sequence, which demanded a chronometer. It was not always possible to refer to stratigraphic superposition, so various techniques of seriation—arranging artifacts based on their formal attributes in what was believed to be a chronological order—were invented and used. The results of the seriation techniques and stratigraphic superposition studies were initially summarized in tables of artifact frequencies but eventually were graphed in several ways. Interest in culture chronology and change among North American archaeologists has extended throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century.

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Rule Britannia. Subjects and Empire The Oxford History of the British Empire. Editor-in-Chief Wm. Roger Louis. Volume I, The Origins of Empire, edited by Nicolas Canny, pp. xx, 505; Volume II, The Eighteenth Century, edited by P. J. Marshall, pp. xxi, 609; Volume III, The Nineteenth Century, edited by Andrew Porter, pp. xxii, 741; Volume IV, The Twentieth Century, edited by Judith M. Brown and Wm. Roger Louis, pp. xxvi, 739; Volume V, Historiography, edited by Robin W. Winks, pp. xxiv, 700. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998-99.

Modern Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0026749x0221207x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 36 (02) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. A. Low

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

British Empire ◽

Oxford University ◽

History Of ◽

Oxford University Press

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Modernist Dante

The Oxford Handbook of Dante ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198820741.013.40 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 633-650

Author(s):

Daniela Caselli

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

James Joyce ◽

Virginia Woolf ◽

Ezra Pound ◽

First Century ◽

Djuna Barnes ◽

Dorothy Richardson ◽

Anglophone Literature ◽

The Past ◽

History Of

This chapter traces a history of Dante’s reception in anglophone literature between the 1870s and the 1950s. It acknowledges his importance in Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, and James Joyce, but engages more closely with Samuel Beckett, Djuna Barnes, and Virginia Woolf. It shows that the modernist Dante that emerges from these authors’ work is both a formal and political one: recruited as an anti-authoritarian voice from the past and seen anew from feminist and queer perspectives, this is not a twenty-first century Dante forced against his will to virtue-signal, however; on the contrary, this is a Dante anachronistically familiar with key ‘vices’ of twentieth-century authors, readers and commentators. Focusing on sullenness, resistance, and fatigue, the chapter argues for a new understanding of modernist experiments with Dante’s political and formal complexity that refuse to use him as a ‘code or a weapon […] to crush someone’, as Dorothy Richardson put it.

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Seizures among the Participants of the Inconfidência Mineira as a Source for Research on the History of Books and Libraries (1789)

História (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/1980-436920170000000035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Author(s):

André Figueiredo Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

North America ◽

Literary Culture ◽

Historical Context ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Reading Habits ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Books ◽

Separatist Movement

ABSTRACT This article discusses the seizure of assets owned by the participants in the Minas Gerais State separatist movement known as the Inconfidência Mineira in Brazil, and whether these seizure records may serve as a source for research on the history of books, libraries, and general reading habits in Minas Gerais in the second half of the eighteenth century. First, the historical context of books and the intersection between the seizures and the region’s literary culture were examined. The possibilities and the limits to the use of these seizure records in the study of private libraries is also analyzed. Finally, some of the conspirators’ reading habits, which were influenced by the revolutionary ideas that circulated Europe and North America, are presented.

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William Robertson’s Unfinished History of America. The Foundation of the British Empire in North America and t

Transatlantica ◽

10.4000/transatlantica.10326 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Florence Petroff

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

British Empire ◽

History Of

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Conclusion

Profit and Passion ◽

10.1525/california/9780520297296.003.0009 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nicole von Germeten

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Sex Work ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Government Regulation ◽

First Century ◽

Spanish American ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

The conclusion surveys how in nineteenth-century Mexico, Europe, and regions around the world under European colonial rule, sex work took place in an environment of increasing government intervention, a phase in the history of sexuality that extends into the twenty-first century. The concern about disease control took on a more scientific, sanitary tone in the eighteenth century. This discourse remained critical to sex work law, as it does to the present day. Through prolific regulations, scientific studies, works of literature, and statements made by sex workers themselves, the nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw an enormous increase in the archiving and inscribing of women who sold sex. But their roles remained the same: either pathetic victims (usually of non-whites or non-Christians or other feared populations), lascivious and scandalous disturbers of the peace, or dehumanized and horrific threats to public health. Imperialism and international conceptions of race/gender difference led to increasing government regulation in locations as dispersed as the disappearing Spanish American viceroyalties, extending outwards to Europe, Asia, and Oceania.

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Marry Me?

Love, Inc. ◽

10.1525/california/9780520295018.003.0004 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 83-112

Author(s):

Laurie Essig

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

First Century ◽

Financial Resources ◽

The Real ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Real Change ◽

History Of ◽

Twenty First Century ◽

Diamond Ring

Getting engaged now requires more emotional and financial resources than ever before. Here Essig traces the history of engagements from the birth of companionate marriages in the nineteenth century to the invention of rituals like the bended knee and fetish items like the diamond ring in the early twentieth century. But the real change happened at the beginning of the twenty-first century, as engagements became “spectacular,” requiring not just highly staged events but also highly produced videos and images that could then be disseminated to the larger world.

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Britain, Commonwealth and the End of Empire

The British Constitution in the Twentieth Century ◽

10.5871/bacad/9780197263198.003.0016 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Holland

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Great Britain ◽

British Empire ◽

Public Discourse ◽

Due Process ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

History Of ◽

British Commonwealth

This chapter examines the history of Great Britain, the British Commonwealth, and the end of the British Empire in the twentieth century, suggesting that the twentieth century ended in Britain as it began, with the constitutional structure of the United Kingdom a contested and vital subject of public discourse. It concludes that the transitions that characterised the Empire-Commonwealth over the twentieth century were ultimately constrained within the due process of British constitutionalism.

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3. The history of political thought and Marxism

10.1093/actrade/9780198853725.003.0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-50

Author(s):

Richard Whatmore

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Working Class ◽

Political Thought ◽

Karl Marx ◽

Historical Materialism ◽

History Of Political Thought ◽

Scientific Philosophy ◽

History Of ◽

Friedrich Engels

‘The history of political thought and Marxism’ focuses on Marxism, which became the most global and scientific philosophy in the twentieth century. An important figure here is Karl Marx, the outcast from Prussian Trier that famously contributed to the science of historical materialism. Marx’s The Condition of the Working Class in England justified revolution through a philosophy that emerged from reading European history. Marx, along with Friedrich Engels, accepted that the progress of commerce by the end of the eighteenth century made European states more powerful than others in history. Marx’s contemporaries believed that the study of societies in every stage of history is vital in understanding the future.

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Introduction

Anton Wilhelm Amo's Philosophical Dissertations on Mind and Body ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197501627.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-147

Author(s):

Stephen Menn ◽

Justin E. H. Smith

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Early Modern ◽

Detailed Analysis ◽

The Political ◽

Medical Philosophy ◽

Archival Documents ◽

History Of ◽

Intellectual Context ◽

Academic Dissertations

The life of Anton Wilhelm Amo is summarized, with close attention to the archival documents that establish key moments in his biography. Next the history of Amo’s reception is considered, from the first summaries of his work in German periodicals during his lifetime, through his legacy in African nationalist thought in the twentieth century. Then the political and intellectual context at Halle is addressed, considering the likely influence on Amo’s work of Halle Pietism, of the local currents of medical philosophy as represented by Friedrich Hoffmann, and of legal thought as represented by Christian Thomasius. The legacy of major early modern philosophers, such as René Descartes and G. W. Leibniz, is also considered, in the aim of understanding how Amo himself might have understood them and how they might have shaped his work. Next a detailed analysis of the conventions of academic dissertations and disputations in early eighteenth-century Germany is provided, in order to better understand how these conventions give shape to Amo’s published works. Finally, ancient and modern debates on action and passion and on sensation are investigated, providing key context for the summary of the principal arguments of Amo’s two treatises, which are summarized in the final section of the introduction.

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