Nabulsi Ulama in the Late Ottoman Period, 1864–1914

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Yazbak
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Late Ottoman

One of the main arguments used to prop up the thesis that, as of the 16th century, there was a steady decline in virtually all spheres of the Ottoman Empire's administration and society has been that Muslim societies in the Ottoman Middle Eastproved incapable, or even unwilling, to open up and accept the process of Western modernization. In recent years, however, newly discovered local sources together with a change in methodological approach have led to a growing body of critical studies that challenge the decline theory on a number of points. The 19th century, for example, is increasingly viewed as still very much an Ottoman century, in which the Porte, instead of seeing its power in the provinces diminish under the growing impact of the West, succeeded in strengthening its hold through the centralization policies of the Tanzimat. Another significant example is that of local elites who, instead of opposing Istanbul's reformist policies across the board, are often found to identify and cooperate with the central government.

scholarly journals Islam als Problem: Celal Nuri und Ahmed Hilmis (Filibeli) spätosmanischer Materialismusstreit

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Enur Imeri
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The West ◽  
Epistemological Tradition ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Late Ottoman

AbstractThe so-called Materialismusstreit evolved in the second half of the 19th century as a new genre of popular literature and was carried out as a public debate mainly by German popularisers. In the Ottoman context, however, the reception of the Materialismusstreit demonstrates how a universalised perception of the West had already become the main frame of reference among secularly educated Ottoman intelligentsia in the course of late Ottoman modernity. This fact not only constitutively shaped their modern discourse on Islam. Moreover, it brought about at the same time fundamental semantic shifts in concepts holding a prominent role within the Islamicate epistemological tradition. Consequently, the entanglement between this abovementioned frame of reference and concepts inherited from a traditional knowledge order resulted in a conceptual rupture with the traditional epistemologies. In an attempt to exemplify the argument, this paper builds on a less-known dispute on materialism between Celal Nuri and Ahmed Hilmi (Filibeli), and shows the transformation in their usage of epistemic concepts such as ʿilm, fenn, and dīn, as well as their reception of the Orientalist Islam discourse. Prior to the analysis of two core primary sources, the first part of this paper elaborates on the theoretical and methodological modalities of making fruitful the intellectual output of late Ottoman modernity for a globally entangled intellectual history.

scholarly journals Numerus surdus y armonía musical. Sobre el temperamento igual y el fin del reinado pitagórico de los números

2021 ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Lianggi Espinoza ◽  
Juan Redmond ◽  
Pablo César Palacios Torres ◽  
Ismael Cortez Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The West ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Equal Temperament ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe development of philosophical ideas throughout history has sometimes been assisted by the use of handcrafted instruments. Some paradigmatic cases, such as the invention of the telescope or the microscope, show that many philosophical approaches have been the result of the intervention of such instruments. The aim of this article is to show the determining role that stringed musical instruments with frets had in the crisis and generation of philosophical paradigms. In fact, just as the observations of the moon with the telescope broke more than a thousand years of Aristotelian hegemony, the fretted string instruments, predecessors of the guitar, played a central role in the collapse of one of the most influential approaches in the history of Philosophy: Pythagorism. We focus on the fundamental hallmarks of Pythagorism and on how, during the 16th century and from the fretted string instruments, the mathematical-musical notion of equal temperament emerged, which from the middle of the 19th century will be established as the prevailing philosophical-musical paradigm of the West.

scholarly journals The Slavic Qur’an Translation of the 16th–18th Centuries: Poland and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-82
Author(s):  
D. V. Mukhetdinov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Research Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Ethnocultural Group ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
Modern Russian

This paper aims to continue and develop the research cycle on history of Qur’an translations in Europe. The paper deals with rethinking of possible background of Russian Qur’an translations, commonly traced back up to the first half of the 19th century. Ca. 1800 the tradition of Qur’an translating in Russia was already rich and varied in its scientific, literary and religious contexts. However, its origin could be found in the earlier similar tradition of Lithuanian Tatars, which was developed at least from the 16th century in intellectual space of the three states, namely Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rzeczpospolita and Tsardom of Russia. This Muslim ethnocultural group shaped their own Qur’an translation school in the West Russian (Ruthenian, Old Belorusian) language closely related to modern Russian.

scholarly journals Ar baigėsi posocializmas Lietuvoje? Antropologija ir posocializmo transformacijų etnografija

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) 2020 ◽  
pp. 9-35
Author(s):  
Kristina Šliavaitė
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
The West ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Cultural Transformations

Has Post-Socialism Ended in Lithuania? The Anthropology and Ethnography of Post-Socialist Transformations The main aim of the paper is to overview ethnographic research on post-socialist transformations in Lithuania by contextualising it within the broader framework of the field of anthropology of post-socialism. The author refers to numerous discussions in the field on the validity of the use of the term post-socialism long after the collapse of the Soviet system (Sampson 1999; Humphrey 2002; Műller 2019, etc), and discusses whether and how selected ethnographies on social cultural transformations in Lithuania after the 1990s and later use the term postsocialism, and how the period is defined conceptually and chronologically. The first part of the paper introduces discussions in anthropology on challenges in defining the post-socialist region and the chronology of post-socialism (Humphrey 2002; Buyandelgeriyn 2008; Frederiksen, Knudsen 2015; Műller 2019; Нильсен 2004, etc), as well as reflections on issues of the representation and unequal relations between the West and the East in studies of post-socialist European countries (Thelen 2011; Buchowski 2012; Cervinkova 2012; Klumbytė, Sharafutdinova 2013b; Frederiksen, Knudsen 2015, etc). These critical studies indicate that ethnographies of socialist and post-socialist East Central Europe constructed it as the ‘other’, different to the western part of the region (Thelen 2011; Buchowski 2012; Cervinkova 2012; Klumbytė, Sharafutdinova 2013b; Frederiksen, Knudsen 2015; Műller 2019; etc), and that the term post-socialist/post-socialism refers to these unequal relations between the West and the East (Cervinkova 2012; Frederiksen, Knudsen 2015; Műller 2019; etc). However, disregarding certain conceptual challenges, it is agreed that the ethnographies of social cultural transformations in post-socialist European countries are unique and important, due to their methodological approach (long-term fieldwork), and focus on people’s everyday lives and the emphasis on the interrelations of cultural, social and economic processes (Burawoy, Verdery 1999; Hann 2002; Hőrschelmann, Stenning 2008, etc).

Língua de Preto, the language of the African slave community in Portugal (16th–19th centuries)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Alain Kihm
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
West African ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
African Slave ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
African Slaves ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract Língua de Preto ‘language of the Blacks’ (LdP) is the conventional name for the basic variety of Portuguese spoken by the West African slaves deported to Portugal from the end of the 15th century onwards, who formed an important and visible minority within the Portuguese population until the end of the 19th century. The restructured Portuguese they used with the white Portuguese and among themselves is partially known to us through theatre and folk literature. Although its heyday was the 16th century, it apparently continued in use until the 18th century. The present article tries to account for its emergence and continuance and to assess its possible contribution to the formation of West African Portuguese Creoles. What LdP implies for the Portuguese attitude toward language issues is also examined.

The feedback on the Slavophile theory of the Hussite movement in the Czech non-fiction historical literature (before 1918)

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Timur Gimadeev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Uncritical Acceptance ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
National Solidarity

This article deals with the reflection of Czech historians and political writers on the works of Russian Slavophilehistorians about the Hussite movement. The apologists of the Slavophile concept (such as P. Novikov and A. Th. Hilferding) defended the idea of the succession between Orthodoxy and the Hussite movement, supposing that Orthodoxy was brought to Czechia by Cyril and Methodius. This conception remained highly unpopular among the Czech authors. The professional Czech historians, such as J. Kalousek and J. Goll indicated that the information on such continuity is first found in the sources only starting from the mid-16th century, and noted that the communion in both forms was also spread in the West. The Czech authors that were studying the Russian Thought of the 19th century, such as P. Durdík and J. Perwolf, saw this concept as a mere transplantation of the contemporary Slavophile ideology into the past. The Catholic authors headed by A. Lenzrevealed numerous differences between the Hussite and Orthodox creeds.It was only J. V. Kalaš to advocate the Slavophile concepts, but this was caused by his uncritical acceptance of Russian Slavophile literature. The rest of the Czech authors were united in the criticism of the Slavophile publications that was caused by the national solidarity of the Czech intelligentsia and by the weak academic grounds of this theory.

The Ottoman Empire and the Indian Ocean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. S. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Indian Ocean Trade ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Western Half

With its conquest of the Arab lands in the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire (1300–1923) came to control some of the major entrepots of the Indian Ocean trade in the west. This expansion, however, also brought the Ottomans into confrontation with the Portuguese, who were seeking to establish a monopoly of the lucrative spice trade. In the first half of the 16th century, Ottoman involvement was limited to the western half of the Indian Ocean, but in the later 16th century, the Southeast Asian sultanate of Aceh forged an alliance with the Ottomans, which, if short-lived in practice, was to attain considerable symbolic importance in later times. Ottoman involvement in the Indian Ocean resumed in the 19th century, again as a reaction to European colonial activities. In the meantime, both commercial and religious links, in particular the hajj, meant that the Ottomans had a prominent role in the Indian Ocean despite only controlling limited littoral territories.

scholarly journals The history of historical earthquake research in Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grünthal
Keyword(s):  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Earthquake Catalogues ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

The paper summarizes the history of collecting and evaluating information on earthquakes in Germany. A rich literature mentioning historical and contemporary earthquakes has existed since the 16th century. Early earthquake catalogues began to appear in the middle of the 16th century, some of which report earthquakes in Germany dating back to the 9th century. Modern seismological views were introduced in connection with intense philosophical analysis of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, which was largely observed in Central Europe. The 19th century was characterized by a tremendous increase in detailed earthquake studies as well as earthquake compilations in the form of catalogues. The most comprehensive non-parametric catalogues were created in the middle of the 20th century, while the first digital parametric catalogues were published in the 1980s. This was also the time when critical studies on the re-interpretation of historical earthquakes began. Only in the 1990s was such analysis made in a systematic manner resulting in numerous publications and the current development of a modern earthquake catalogue.

scholarly journals Three Late-Ottoman governors of Konya and their urban development activities

Chronos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Mustafa Akpolat
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Important Means ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
City Plan ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Late Ottoman ◽  
New Infrastructure

The opening of the Ottoman economy to the world economy by the Anglo-Turkish Commercial Treaty of 1838 as well as the new concept of administration introduced by the Tanzimat Firman, led to important transformations in the urban structures of the country's cities in the second half of the 19th century. New economic relations and new forms of administration required new urban centres, new infrastructure and new institutions. The transformation could not be realized by the existing Ottoman laws and institutions, which were manifestly out of date (Tekeli 1992:19). For this reason, new laws, regulations and methods imported from the West were implemented in Ottoman cities by institutions that were also transferred from the West. The Birinci Ebniue Nizamnamesi (the First Building Regulation), which included new techniques such as parcellation and the widening of streets necessary for reconstruction activities, was issued in 1848. In 1856, the Istimlak Nizamnamesi (the Regulation on Expropriations), which was an important means for the implementation of city plans, was promulgated. The first city plan was implemented in the capital; this was followed by its implementation in other cities. Thus, the utilization of Western methods gradually started to change the physical appearance of Ottoman cities.

PERIMBANGAN KEUANGAN ANTARA PEMERINTAH PUSAT DENGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Edward Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Regional Authority ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Tax Sharing

The fi nancial relationship between central and local government can be defi ned as a system that regulates how some funds were divided among various levels of government as well as how to fi ndsources of local empowerment to support the activities of the public sector.Fiscal decentralization is the delegation of authority granted by the central government to theregions to make policy in the area of   fi nancial management.One of the main pillars of regional autonomy is a regional authority to independently manage thefi nancial area. State of Indonesia as a unitary state of Indonesia adheres to a combination of elementsof recognition for local authorities to independently manage fi nances combined with the element oftransferring fi scal authority and supervision of the fi scal policy area.General Allocation Fund an area allocated on the basis of the fi scal gap and basic allocation whilethe fi scal gap is reduced by the fi scal needs of local fi scal capacity. Fiscal capacity of local sources offunding that comes from the area of   regional revenue and Tax Sharing Funds outside the ReforestationFund.The results showed that the strengthening of local fi scal capacity is in line with regional autonomy.

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