The Role of the UN in Environmental Problem

1972 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Gross National Product ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Political Work ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries

During the first quarter century of the United Nations its non-political work has doinated by one subject—the economic development of the less developed countries. In this period “progress”tended to be measured in terms of gross national product (GNP), and “cooperaton” usally meant what the rich countries could do for the poor through aid, trade technical assistance.

Poverty in rich countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Paul Spicker
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Money Markets ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
Democratic Government ◽  
Relational Perspective ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rich Countries

The persistence of poverty in rich countries is something of a puzzle for those who see poverty in terms of resources; from a relational perspective, it is unsurprising. Although public discussion is sometimes dominated by moral judgments about the poor, governments in developed countries have come to see responses to poverty and the protection of people's circumstances as basic elements in the role of a democratic government, and if governments do not ensure that basic living standards are protected, they have failed. Debates tend to centre in practice on money, markets and commodification.

Generating Prosperity for Working Families in Affluent Countries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Working Families ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

This book addresses the central challenge facing rich countries: how to ensure that ordinary working families see their living standards and the prospects for their children improve rather than stagnate over time. It presents the findings from a comprehensive analysis of performance over recent decades across the rich countries of the OECD, in terms of real income growth around and below the middle. It relates this performance to overall economic growth, exploring why these often diverge substantially, and to the different models of capitalism or economic growth embedded in different countries. In-depth comparative and UK-focused analyses also focus on wages and the labour market and on the role of redistribution. Going beyond income, other indicators and aspects of living standards are also incorporated including non-monetary indicators of deprivation and financial strain, wealth and its distribution, and intergenerational mobility. By looking across this broad canvas, the book teases out how ordinary households have fared in recent decades in these critically important respects, and how that should inform the quest for inclusive growth and prosperity.

scholarly journals INAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY What Is in It for the Rich?

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA FERNANDES ◽  
KRISHNA B. KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Luxury Good ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Region ◽  
Inferior Good ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Local Use

In this paper, we investigate incentives, other than altruism, that developed countries have for improving developing country technologies. We propose a simple model of international trade between two regions, in which individuals have preferences over an inferior good and a luxury good. The poor region has a comparative advantage in the production of the inferior good. Even when costly adaptation of the technology to the poor region's characteristics is required—making the technology inappropriate for local use—there are parameter configurations for which the rich region has an incentive to incur this cost. It benefits from a terms-of-trade improvement and from greater specialization in the luxury good. Indeed, there are cases where the rich region would prefer to improve the poor region's technology for producing the inferior good rather than its own. We apply our model to the Green Revolution and provide a quantitative assessment of its welfare effects.

Social Programs, Third-Sector Competition, and Transparency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
The West ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries

Why have the welfare states of the rich countries of the West, which transfer on average nearly a quarter of GDP from the rich to the poor, failed to alleviate poverty? And why has inequality widened in recent decades in these countries? The liberals in these countries—intellectuals and politicians—continue to argue for more public transfers. But if income redistribution could solve poverty, should it not have done so by now? The illusion that poverty can be solved through income redistribution is the key reason why so many rich economies have become saddled with public debt: in some countries it approaches 100% and even 200% of GDP.

Role of Institutional Governance in Protecting the Natural Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 359-375
Author(s):  
K. K. Yadav ◽  
Kumud Dhanwantri
Keyword(s):  
Local Communities ◽  
State Governments ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
National Capital ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Insight Into

In the present age of industrialization and unregulated urbanization, the Aravali ranges in India are facing deforestation and degradation. The major reasons behind this are the needs of the poor, and greed of the rich. Therefore, part of the Aravalli Ranges falling in different sub-regions of the National Capital Region, has been taken as case study. The chapter intends to provide an insight into the scenario of forests and wildlife in the sub-regions; the challenges, responses, and immediate initiatives taken up by the constituent state governments. It also discusses ways forward to engage the governments and local communities in the protection of forests and wildlife. The conclusion strives to provide probable strategies that can be adopted to transform the transitions of Aravalli into a positive one and ways for engaging government machinery for better governance to escape the grim future we foresee.

The U.N. and the (Economic) Education of Henry Kissinger

Worldview ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Stalson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Henry Kissinger ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries

Something remarkable and of historic importance took place in New York during the first two weeks of September, 1975. At a Special Session of the United Nations the poor countries of the world, who have 70 per cent of its people and 30 per cent of its income, demanded that the rich, countries make some major changes in the international system. And the rich countries, including the United States, responded in new ways. Most reporters failed to notice how remarkable the events were, but the evidence is there.

Role of Mobile Based Applications in India’s Social and Economic Transformation

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Jose Gregory ◽  
Gnanapriya Chidambaranathan ◽  
Padma Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
Global Projects ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

This article discusses the socio-economic impact of mobile telephony in a developing country like India. Emerging markets are experiencing technology leapfrogging in terms of telecom evolution and adaptation. While the rich and affluent use mobile technology to enhance their lifestyle, for the poor, mobile based applications can augment their daily livelihood. Due to economic compulsions, the focus of the market has been on mobile services and applications that belong to the primary category. This paper identifies the potential of livelihood enabling applications and describes successful global projects in livelihood enabling mobile applications in areas like mHealth, mEducation, mAgriculture, and mFinance. The paper concludes by identifying a set of challenges for developing livelihood enabling mobile apps in India and makes policy suggestions that can increase the viability of such mobile applications in India.

A Study on the Economic Benefits of Globalization: Focusing on the Poverty and Inequality between the Rich and the Poor

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyup Shin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Developed Countries

Globalization is now well recognized by many as an inescapable feature of the world today. In particular, in the middle of global economic crisis globalization is one of the hot issues drawing much attention from countries around the world. There are contradictory perspectives on globalization. There are many sweeping statements that assert that economic globalization is increasing global poverty and inequality between the rich and the poor in the world. There are also many others who insist that the poverty and inequality issues have been resolved in some sense through globalization. In order to find the answer to the question, firstly the meaning of globalization was fully explained. Based on the understanding of globalization, the questions such as how globalization has contributed to reduce the economic gap between the developed and the developing countries, and to reduce the poverty by analyzing the economic growth, the number of people living below the absolute poverty line and so on were analyzed. The reasons why globalization is a good opportunity for some countries while some other countries get not something from the globalization was also discussed in this research. We found that globalization has contributed to reduce global poverty and to increase the welfare of both the developed and developing countries. However globalization has impacted different groups differently. Some have benefited enormously, while others have borne more of the costs. The developed countries could get more economic benefits from the less developed countries through globalization. This means, inequality between the rich and the poor countries still remained as a serious threat in the global economy. And even among the developing countries globalization has impacted differently. The trends toward faster growth and poverty reduction are strongest in developing economies that have integrated with the global economy most rapidly, which supports the view that integration has been a positive force for improving the lives of people in developing countries There are two main reasons for the inequality existing between the developed and developing countries. The fist one is the difference of economic size and power between the developed countries and the developing countries started to exist from the late 18th century. The second one is the differences in the management skill in taking advantage of the globalization.

Environmental characteristics and organizational ideology: UNCTAD—the lessons of 1964

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Javed A. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Negotiated Settlement ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Rich Countries

THE United Nations Conference on Trade and Development came nto existence in 1964. Its creation was viewed with a degree of cautious enthusiasm by the Third World and with a certain amount of apprehension by the rich countries. Its performance has dampened the enthusiasm and heightened the apprehension. Its contribution to substantive changes in trade policies has not been spectacular. Whatever improvement in commodity prices and hence in the terms of trade of the poor countries that occurred in the early 1970s was attributable to fortuitous circumstances – not to a negotiated settlement between the rich and poor countries, enabling the latter to retain a larger portion of the gains from trade. Can we3 therefore3 say that UNGTAD has been ineffective? That it has failed to perform its global task? And if so, what is the cause of this failure? Is the organizational ideology unsuitable in the sense that it is not representative of the national objectives of viable coalitions among UNGTAD constituents? Or has the leadership failed to evolve a strategy which links the pursuit of specific sub-goals to the transformation of the system in accordance with the organizational ideology? This present paper attempts to look at the first question and to venture an opinion on the effectiveness of UNGTAD in the light of these findings.

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