Milestones for the Swiss Confederation and the Swiss Red Cross

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (283) ◽  
pp. 358-358
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
National Society ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
Swiss Confederation ◽  
New Millennium

This year the Swiss Red Cross is celebrating its 125th anniversary. On this occasion, the Review is happy to include the following two articles: one deals with the historical development of the National Society and the other with the challenges it faces on the threshold of a new millennium.

ICRC President in Belgium

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (269) ◽  
pp. 143-144
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
National Society ◽  
Deputy Prime Minister ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
The Government

Mr. Cornelio Sommaruga, President of the ICRC, Mr. Michel Convers, head of the ICRC's Operational Support Department and Mr. Andreas Lendorff, head of its General Relief Division, were in Brussels from 8 to 11 February to take part in celebrations to mark the 125th anniversary of the Belgian Red Cross and to meet representatives of the Belgian Government and the European Community.The National Society's 125th anniversary ceremony took place on 9 February in the presence of Their Majesties the King and Queen of the Belgians, members of the Government and the diplomatic corps, representatives of other National Societies and 2,000 Belgian Red Cross volunteers. Speeches were made by H.R.H. Prince Albert of Belgium, who is President of the National Society, Mr. Cornelio Sommaruga, Mr. Mario Villarroel Lander, President of the League, and the Belgian Deputy Prime Minister.

Regulations on the use of the emblem of the red cross, of the red crescent, and of the red lion and sun by the National Societies

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (60) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Keyword(s):  
Medical Service ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
National Society ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
General Manner ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

In its 1949 version, the First Geneva Convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded in armies in the field, distinguishes for the first time in its article 44 between the two different uses of the red cross emblem. On the one hand is the protective sign, which is the visible manifestation of the protection conferred by the Convention on certain persons and objects, essentially those which belong to the Army Medical Service, and, on the other hand, there is the purely indicatory sign, which indicates that a person or an object is connected with the National Society, but without the protection of the Convention. Article 44 also defines in a general manner the legitimate uses of the emblem in its two meanings.

Marking the 125th anniversary of the 22 August 1864 Geneva Convention

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (272) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Keyword(s):  
Geneva Convention ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
Swiss Confederation

On 22 August, the Swiss Confederation, the depositary State for the Geneva Conventions, celebrated the 125th anniversary of the Geneva Convention of 22 August 1864 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. The focus of the celebrations, which were organized by the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs in co-operation with the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Swiss Red Cross, was a solemn and dignified ceremony in Bern attended by representatives of the States party to the Geneva Conventions, Swiss federal and cantonal authorities and the ICRC, the League and National Societies.

125th anniversary of the Swiss Red Cross (1866–1991): Thoughts on past and future

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (283) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Bender
Keyword(s):  
Red Cross ◽  
National Society ◽  
Special Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Capture Time ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
Humanitarian Organization

Rather than serving as a pretext for noisy celebration and self-congratulation, the 125th anniversary of the founding of the Swiss Red Cross should be an occasion for reflection on our institution's development, its role within the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and its special situation as the National Society of Switzerland. This is a worthy undertaking, an attempt, as the historian Marc Ferro put it, “to capture time and make it intelligible to others”. But anyone who embarks on such a venture must be careful to avoid rewriting the past according to his own preferences and giving an idealized picture of this humanitarian organization, which has had its share of tensions, setbacks and contradictions, some of them still unresolved.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Motion Event ◽  
Applicative Constructions ◽  
The One ◽  
Chinese And English

This chapter summarizes the major points developed throughout the book. The theoretical points of the syntax of events proposed in Chapter 2 are listed. The conclusions on the syntax of English and Chinese resultatives, applicative constructions in various languages, and Chinese non-canonical object and motion event constructions are presented, together with the implications for the verb/satellite-framed typology. The explanation of diachronic change and cross-linguistic variation is summarized, including both the historical development of Chinese resultatives, the variation of resultatives between Chinese and English on the one hand, and English and Romance on the other hand. The Synchronic Grammaticalisation Hypothesis is also summarized.

The relevance of the Fundamental Principles to operations: learning from Lebanon

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (890) ◽  
pp. 287-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorcha O'Callaghan ◽  
Leslie Leach
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
National Society ◽  
Operational Application ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Security Incidents ◽  
Do So

AbstractMany aid agencies and commentators suggest that humanitarian principles are of little value to the humanitarian crises of today. However, through profiling the experience of the Lebanese Red Cross, this article highlights the enduring value and impact of the application of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Fundamental Principles as effective operational tools for acceptance, access and safety. Having suffered a series of security incidents during the civil war and subsequent disturbances and tensions, this National Society deliberately sought to increase its acceptance amongst different groups. One of the approaches used was the systematic operational application of the Fundamental Principles. Today, the Lebanese Red Cross is the only public service and Lebanese humanitarian actor with access throughout the country. This article seeks to address the relative absence of attention to how humanitarian organisations apply humanitarian principles in practice – and their responsibility and accountability to do so – by describing the systematic approach of the Lebanese Red Cross.

Invisible Architectures

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jörg Rheinberger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Strategy I ◽  
The Invisible

The ArgumentIn this essay I will sketch a few instances of how, and a few forms in which, the “invisible” became an epistemic category in the development of the life sciences from the seventeenth century through the end of the nineteenth century. In contrast to most of the other papers in this issue, I do not so much focus on the visualization of various little entities, and the tools and contexts in which a visual representation of these things was realized. I will be more concerned with the basic problem of introducing entities or structures that cannot be seen, as elements of an explanatory strategy. I will try to review the ways in which the invisibility of such entities moved from the unproblematic status of just being too small to be accessible to the naked or even the armed eye, to the problematic status of being invisible in principle and yet being indispensable within a given explanatory framework. The epistemological concern of the paper is thus to sketch the historical process of how the “unseen” became a problem in the modern life sciences. The coming into being of the invisible as a space full of paradoxes is itself the product of a historical development that still awaits proper reconstruction.

scholarly journals Historical Development over Religious Liberty in the Indonesian Constitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Mahaarum Kusuma Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Liberty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Political Consensus

This paper finding is the existence of recurring unsettled negotiation between the Islamists and the Nationalists during three important constitutional works in Indonesia (the making of 1945 Constitution; the work of Konstituante to draft a new constitution in 1955-1959; and the constitutional amendment 1999-2002). Such fragile political consensus creates a legal gap in the Indonesian legal system: constitutional guarantee on religious liberty on one hand, and discriminative derivative laws and court decisions in relate to religious liberty on the other hand. This paper argues the legal gap happens because historically, discourse over religious liberty never settled during constitutional debates. It leads to ambiguous constitutional articles on religious liberty such as the seemingly contradicting Article 28 I (1) on absolute rights and Article 28 J (2) on the limitation of rights. The ambiguous constitutional articles give no solid basis for protecting religious liberty, especially for minority, although explicitly Article 29 (2) of the Constitution stating, ‘The State guarantees freedom of every inhabitant to embrace his/ her respective religion and to worship according to his/ her religion and faith as such’. This paper will explain the unsettled negotiations during the making of Pancasila and the Jakarta Charter in 1945; the debate within Konstituante’s work in 1959; and the debate during constitutional amendment in 1999-2002.

scholarly journals THE CHARACTER SYSTEM OF HISTORICAL WORKS BY I. EFIMOV AS A RECEPTION OF THE WRITER’s PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-498
Author(s):  
E.A. Samarova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Character System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Empirical Material

I.M. Efimov is a Soviet and Russian abroad writer. His historical works have profound philosophical content. This philosophical content is revealed when we compare his historiosophical treatises about the character and patterns of historical development and historical novels. Philosophical ideas of the writer appear on different poetic levels of the work, and above all - in the plot and character system. Historical novels and historical-philosophical treatises constitute a single historiosophical system and relate to each other as theoretical and empirical material, therefore they cannot be considered one without the other. However, many critics analyze the writer's historical works in isolation from his philosophical concept, which makes such an analysis incomplete and sometimes erroneous. In our study, an attempt was made to trace the connection between the individual characters of the artistic historical works of I. Efimov with his philosophical concept.

Die Kriegergräber mit Schwertern des sog. Asiatischen Typs im Mitteldonauraum unter Berücksichtung des Neufundes von Horákov (Mähren, CZ)

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-334
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Early Migration ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
Funerary Customs ◽  
Distinguished Group

Abstract The occurrence of foreign, more precisely eastern, cultural elements among local archaeological finds is commonly regarded as a characteristic feature of the cultural-historical development during the Early Migration Period in Central Europe. Such interpretations, which generate many questions and are sometimes accepted with scepticism, have gained some ground, but most of them indisputably demand verification and less strictly defined views. These foreign cultural elements usually represent objects, whose symbolic values made them, part of the new funerary customs connected with changes of social structures during the historical development of barbarian peoples on the Danube. The main attention in this regard is paid to a well-distinguished group of weapon graves, which contained both the so-called eastern weapon types and, on the other hand, clear acculturation traits. Within the group of eastern weapons, which influenced the armament of Danubian warriors, encompassed also various types of double-edged long swords – spathae. A conspicuous type is represented by long swords with relatively narrow blade and a massive iron cross guard, so-called swords of Asian type, which occupy a special position in the Danube region.

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