The Difaqane: The Mfecane in the Southern Sotho Area, 1822–24

1967 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Lye
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The West ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of

The accounts of theDifaqanewritten in all the major histories of South Africa are based on three books which were written over fifty years ago: G. W. Stow,The Native Races of South Africa; D. F. Ellenberger and J. C. Macgregor,The History of the Bosuto; and especially the earliest, G. M. Theal,History of South Africa.Certain contradictions exist between the story as told in these accounts and the evidence brought to light by the publication of the journals of Robert Moffat and David Livingstone. The object of this study is to reconstruct the events of the wars from the broadest possible evidence to give a more complete description, and thereby to test the revision implicit in the new information.This revision is required properly to identify the participants in the battles which were observed by Europeans in the western Tswana lands, especially the battle at Dithakong. In the earlier histories all the battles were attributed to the ‘Mantatee’, a name properly applied to one group of Tlokwa ruled at the time by the regentess, MmaNthatisi. Now it is possible to show that these Tlokwa were never in the west, but restricted their migrations to the valley of the Caledon River. Nor can their enemies, the Hlubi of Mpangazita and the Ngwane of Matiwane, be blamed, for they too remained in the east. Rather, the victims of these three bands, the Sotho peoples of the Caledon valley, can be identified as the aggressors among the Tswana beyond the Vaal. Moffat identified the Phuting of Tshane and the Hlakwana of Nkgaraganye. Livingstone demonstrated the role played by Sebetwane and his Fokeng, and Thomas Hodgson implicated Moletsane, the Taung.While many gaps in our information still exist, this reconstruction seems to justify the revision of the accepted account of theDifaqane.

Domes in Scotland and South Africa: Arran and Vredefort

1926 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 481-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Free State ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of

Hall and Molengraaff have recently produced a memoir of outstanding importance dealing with the Vredefort Mountain Land on the border of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State (1925). Their account, which is a model of lucidity, is accompanied by a map and sections, and is copiously illustrated with photographs, mainly of rock slices. It includes a chapter on the History of Research, and another that introduces tectonic comparisons with the Black Hills of Dakota and Wyoming and the Ries Kessel near Nördlingen. The features of the Vredefort district that command most attention in this country are its tectonics and its flinty crush-rocks, or pseudotachylytes, to use Shand's alternative designation. Hall and Molengraaff's memoir supplies much new information on these two subjects, and also in regard to other topics, stratigraphical and petrographical, that are of rather more local interest. In the present notice, only one aspect of the memoir will be discussed, namely the tectonics of the Vredefort Dome.

scholarly journals III.—The Geological History of South Africa

1906 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Hatch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Geological History ◽  
The West ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Continental Area

After the granites, gneisses, schists, and sediments which make up the Swaziland System had been elevated to form a continental area extending over the northern and western portions of South Africa, denudation began, and the material thus produced was carried to the sea to form the Witwatersrand Beds. The nature of these sediments—they consist of conglomerates, grits, and shales—indicates a marine period with shallow-water conditions, which continued almost uninterruptedly during their deposition. They were accumulated first on a sinking, and then on a rising sea bottom, for the lower beds are composed largely of mud and fine sand, conglomerates only becoming abundant in the upper beds, which were formed in the later portion of the period when the sea had become sufficiently shallow to allow of the accumulation of shingle and gravel. There is evidence in the Southern Transvaal that the land from which the sediments were mainly derived lay to the west, the sea to the east, for the lower Witwatersrand Beds, which consist solely of mudstones and fine sandstones in the east, gradually develop conglomerates with a decreasing amount of shale towards the west.

scholarly journals Primeros resultados de la excavación del castillo medieval de Dos Hermanas (Montemayor, Córdoba)

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier López Rider ◽  
Santiago Rodero Pérez ◽  
José Manuel Reyes Alcalá
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The West ◽  
Work Support ◽  
New Information ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Southern Wall ◽  
Round Pass

First results of the excavation of the medieval castle of Dos Hermanas (Montemayor, Cordoba)In the south of the kingdom of Córdoba, there is the castle so-called Dos Hermanas, located in the municipality of the current town of Montemayor. It has been considered that the construction of the castle of this stately town was the result of the first moments of decline of the fortress of Dos Hermanas, located on the bank of the Carchena stream. Currently, a first excavation campaign has been carried out that brings us closer to the anthropic occupation of the site. At the same time, the archival research gives new information to the history of the site, exceeding the date of 1340, when Don Martín Alonso de Córdoba partially destroyed the Arab fortress of Dos Hermanas to build the castle of Montemayor. The first data extracted from the field work support the written sources, providing us with new data that allow us to make a more complete and novel interpretation. The survival of part of the facilities of the Dos Hermanas castle with an occupation from Roman times to the sixteenth century that shows the total non-depopulation of the place in the fourteenth century, as previously thought. A high degree of conservation of the structures found inside the wall enclosure appears a southern bay with stables with nine mangers. To the west, there is a vain and an angled staircase that allowed access from the parade ground until the round pass over the main door, which is also preserved. The objective of this proposal will be to present these first results of the archaeological intervention centered on the southern wall of the castle. These research works are accompanied by a consolidation project of the main structures, all financed by the Provincial Delegation of Cordoba and Montemayor Town Hall, whose continuity is developed in 2019 and 2020.

scholarly journals Confirming Tradition: Confirming Change – A Social History of the Cricket Tours to New Zealand in the 1930s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Owen Mann
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social History ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
The West ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of

<p><b>This study examines the eight tours to New Zealand by visiting cricketing teams between 1930 and 1939. There were four tours made by the Marylebone Cricket Club along with inaugural visits by the West Indies, South Africa, an England Women's XI, and lastly the Julien Cahn XI. These tours were major events for contemporaries, attracting large crowds and much attention in the press. They are a focus for an examination of New Zealand’s relations with other parts of the world, specifically other parts of the Empire. The tours were major sporting events, but also prompted wider popular and public discussion of nationhood, race, gender and the role of sport in society and the Empire.</b></p> <p>For the New Zealand public in the 1930s, cricket was a game that connected them with their British and imperial heritage during a period of uncertainty. For the cricket community of New Zealand the tours were massive undertakings due to the substantial financial commitment required and poor results, but the tours continued because of the strong associations and core beliefs that cricket nurtured and because of a love of the game. Though these tours contained few moments of on-field achievement for the hosts they say much about how New Zealanders of that decade viewed themselves and others.</p> <p>Drawing primarily on the dense contemporary press coverage 'Confirming Tradition, Confirming Change' examines cricket's capacity to operate as more than a game - it acts as a conduit for understanding the broader social attitudes and beliefs of the time. Each of the tours contains an internal narrative concerning entrenched traditions and bonds and their interplay with newer realities and considerations. Cricket was largely administered by bodies that emphasised the traditions and conservative structures of the game, but the teams themselves represented and engaged with the changing expectations and realities of sport in this decade. Cricket was changing from within, exemplified by the expansion of test cricket but also influenced by external elements such as the growth of radio commentary and cinema. This study examines the eight tours in three chronologically bracketed chapters focusing on issues of race in the tours by the MCC of 1929-30, the West Indies in 1930-31 and South Africa in 1931-32; the issue of gender and identity in the tours by the MCC of 1932-33 and the England Women of 1934-35; and issues of professionalism/commercialism and differences in player and public expectations in the tours by the MCC in 1935-36, 1936-37 and the Julien Cahn XI in 1938-39. Throughout the eight tours there were tensions between tradition and change, sometimes exhibited between New Zealand crowds and visiting teams, sometimes between administrators and players. The tours may have reflected the weakness of New Zealand cricket, but the local players' and spectators' commitment to Empire is apparent through the continued perseverance at a sport that at the time represented imperial loyalty and global British communality.</p>

The current taxonomic status of Tornier's cat-snake (Crotaphopeltis tornieri)

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Bødtker Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
New Records ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
The West ◽  
New Information ◽  
Vicariance Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Collection ◽  
Range Variation

AbstractThe recent collection of more than 50 specimens and more than 140 eggs of Tornier's cat-snake, Crotaphopeltis tornieri, together with an examination of material already deposited in various museums provides new records outside the previously known geographical range. Variation in external and internal characters has been examined and the results have been analyzed. In regard to several characters, including the internal ones, the population of the East Usambara Mountains in Tanzania is significantly different from the population of the West Usambara Mountains, probably indicating an early vicariance event between the two areas. Due to the lack of data relating to internal characters, the affinities of the populations further south remain obscure, and no nomenclatural conclusions have so far been reached. The recently acquired specimens provide new information on the natural history of the species.

scholarly journals Confirming Tradition: Confirming Change – A Social History of the Cricket Tours to New Zealand in the 1930s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Owen Mann
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social History ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
The West ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of

<p><b>This study examines the eight tours to New Zealand by visiting cricketing teams between 1930 and 1939. There were four tours made by the Marylebone Cricket Club along with inaugural visits by the West Indies, South Africa, an England Women's XI, and lastly the Julien Cahn XI. These tours were major events for contemporaries, attracting large crowds and much attention in the press. They are a focus for an examination of New Zealand’s relations with other parts of the world, specifically other parts of the Empire. The tours were major sporting events, but also prompted wider popular and public discussion of nationhood, race, gender and the role of sport in society and the Empire.</b></p> <p>For the New Zealand public in the 1930s, cricket was a game that connected them with their British and imperial heritage during a period of uncertainty. For the cricket community of New Zealand the tours were massive undertakings due to the substantial financial commitment required and poor results, but the tours continued because of the strong associations and core beliefs that cricket nurtured and because of a love of the game. Though these tours contained few moments of on-field achievement for the hosts they say much about how New Zealanders of that decade viewed themselves and others.</p> <p>Drawing primarily on the dense contemporary press coverage 'Confirming Tradition, Confirming Change' examines cricket's capacity to operate as more than a game - it acts as a conduit for understanding the broader social attitudes and beliefs of the time. Each of the tours contains an internal narrative concerning entrenched traditions and bonds and their interplay with newer realities and considerations. Cricket was largely administered by bodies that emphasised the traditions and conservative structures of the game, but the teams themselves represented and engaged with the changing expectations and realities of sport in this decade. Cricket was changing from within, exemplified by the expansion of test cricket but also influenced by external elements such as the growth of radio commentary and cinema. This study examines the eight tours in three chronologically bracketed chapters focusing on issues of race in the tours by the MCC of 1929-30, the West Indies in 1930-31 and South Africa in 1931-32; the issue of gender and identity in the tours by the MCC of 1932-33 and the England Women of 1934-35; and issues of professionalism/commercialism and differences in player and public expectations in the tours by the MCC in 1935-36, 1936-37 and the Julien Cahn XI in 1938-39. Throughout the eight tours there were tensions between tradition and change, sometimes exhibited between New Zealand crowds and visiting teams, sometimes between administrators and players. The tours may have reflected the weakness of New Zealand cricket, but the local players' and spectators' commitment to Empire is apparent through the continued perseverance at a sport that at the time represented imperial loyalty and global British communality.</p>

A note on John Hawkins (1761–1841) and the Hawkins archive

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
R. J. CLEEVELY
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

A note dealing with the history of the Hawkins Papers, including the material relating to John Hawkins (1761–1841) presented to the West Sussex Record Office in the 1960s, recently transferred to the Cornwall County Record Office, Truro, in order to be consolidated with the major part of the Hawkins archive held there. Reference lists to the correspondence of Sibthorp-Hawkins, Hawkins-Sibthorp, and Hawkins to his mother mentioned in The Flora Graeca story (Lack, 1999) are provided.

Fictive Mode, ‘Journey to the West’, and Transformation of Space: ‘Ali Mubarak’s Discourses of Modernization

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-358
Author(s):  
WEN-CHIN OUYANG
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Theoretical Principle ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The West ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Journey To The West

I begin my exploration of ‘Ali Mubarak (1823/4–1893) and the discourses on modernization ‘performed’ in his only attempt at fiction, ‘Alam al-Din (The Sign of Religion, 1882), with a quote from Guy Davenport because it elegantly sums up a key theoretical principle underpinning any discussion of cultural transformation and, more particularly, of modernization. Locating ‘Ali Mubarak and his only fictional work at the juncture of the transformation from the ‘traditional’ to the ‘modern’ in the recent history of Arab culture and of Arabic narrative, I find Davenport's pronouncement tantalizingly appropriate. He not only places the stakes of history and geography in one another, but simultaneously opens up the imagination to the combined forces of time and space that stand behind these two distinct yet related disciplines.

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