“Opting Out”: An Experiment with Jurisdiction in Northern Nigeria

1964 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
S. S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
African State ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

With the commencement of the Native Courts (Amendment) Law, 1961, the Government of the Northern Region of Nigeria abolished “opting out”, an experiment with jurisdiction which must surely be unique within the history of modern legal systems and therefore worthy of recording before the facts are obscured and lest any other African state, faced with similar difficulties, is tempted to adopt this expedient as a temporary palliative to meet a similar situation. It is all the more desirable to publish the facts since the strong case for abolition presented by the Northern Regional Government is in danger of being lost by default. On 14th October, 1961, the Daily Service in Nigeria published a bitter attack on the Native Courts (Amendment) Law, 1961, under the title “The light goes out in the North”.

scholarly journals A Review of Arabicization as a Controversial Issue of Language Planning in the Sudan

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Asjad Ahmed Saeed Balla
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
Southern Sudan ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Future Project

This paper tries to review the issue of Arabicization through languages policy in the Sudan by tracing the different periods of the ups and downs of this process in its social and political context. Arabization and Arabicization are two terms used to serve two different purposes. Arabization is the official orientation of the (ruling group) towards creating a pro-Arab environment, by adopting Arabic culture, Arabic language in addition to Islam as main features of Arabizing the Sudanese entity. The mechanism towards imposing this Arabization is through the use of Arabic, as the official language the group (government). Arabicization is an influential word in the history of education in Sudan. The Sudan faced two periods of colonialism before Independence, The Turkish and the Condominium (British-Egyptian) Rule. Through all these phases in addition to the Mahdist period between them, many changes and shifts took place in education and accordingly in the Arabicization process. During the Condominium period, the Christian missions tried strongly to separate the South Region from the North Region, and to achieve this goal the government fought against the Arabic language so it would not create a place among the people of the Southern Sudan. But in spite of all the efforts taken by the colonialists, Arabic language found its place as Lingua Franca among most of the Southern Sudan tribes. After independence, the Arabicization process pervaded education. Recently, the salvation revolution also has used Arabicization on a wider range, but Arabicization is still future project. Both Arabization and Arabicization are still controversial issues. 

scholarly journals The Influence Of Good Governance Andtransformational Leadership Styles On The Performance Of Local Governments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4365-4375
Author(s):  
Fatmah M. Ngabito Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
The North ◽  
District Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Transformational Leadership Style

This study aims to determine the effect of good governance (X1), transformational leadership style (X2), simultaneously or partially on the performance of officials in the government of North Gorontalo District. As well as the influence of Good governance (X1) on transformational leadership style (X2), the population in this study were State Civil Servants who held structural positions in seven Regional Work Units (SKPD) in the Regional Government of Gorontalo Utara Regency, amounting to 63 people, data collection principal through a list of questions that were tested on the instrument, namely the validity test and reliability test for each question item contained in the list of questions. The analytical method used is the Structural Equation Model PLS by using the Smart PLS.3.0 application. The results showed that, Good governance (X1), has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the apparatus in the North Gorontalo District government. The effect is low with the magnitude of the effect of 0.333 or 33.3%. The transformational leadership style (X2) has a significant and positive effect on the performance of the apparatus in the North Gorontalo district government. The effect is moderate with a large influence of 0.467 or 46.7%. The results showed that, Good governance (X1), has a positive and significant effect on transformational leadership style (X2) in the government of North Gorontalo District. The influence is high, with the magnitude of the effect of 0.712 or 71.2%. Good governance (X1) and transformational leadership style (X2) simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the performance of the apparatus (Y) in the government of North Gorontalo District. The effect is moderate with the magnitude of the effect of 0.665 or 66.5%.

scholarly journals Inter-State Border Conflict in North-East India with Special Reference to Assam Nagaland Border Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Satyendra Kr. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Inter State

This paper is an attempt to study the inter-state border disputes in north-east India with special reference to Assam-Nagaland border conflict in the border areas of Golaghat district. The north-east region of India comprising of eight states has been gradually transforming into a conflicting area that breaks the harmony between the states and also undermines the concept of north-east India as a prosperous and culturally rich region of India. Due to some social, political and economic issues, this north east India divided into various states which were under the same umbrella at a time. Several inter-state disputes take place in this region with the upcoming of political and social unrest. The Naga insurgency that started in the late 1950’s is known as one of the unresolved armed conflicts in India. So, through this paper the researcher makes an attempt to study how the recent Naga-Assamese clash happened in the border areas of Golaghat district is responsible for breaking down of communal harmony, humanity, and inter-state peace process. As the dispute between Assam and Nagaland is currently the most prominent with a history of violent clashes between border areas, this paper aims to concentrate mainly on this issue. Moreover this paper will try to examine the role of the government regarding the above issue. Thus the above issues will be highlighted in the paper.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la energía mareomotriz en el norte del Golfo de California con fines de generación de energía eléctrica

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
José Ramón Quiñonez-Osuna ◽  
Silvio Guido Marinone-Moschetto ◽  
María Dolores Flores-Aguilar ◽  
Domingo Carmona-Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
The North ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Continuous Generation ◽  
Tidal Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Data History

The tidal currents constitute a clean and inexhaustible source of energy. The determination of its magnitude in the north of the Gulf of California with a view to its use, represented the central objective of this work. The methodology included an exhaustive search of measurements of tidal currents, the generation of a text file of ordered time-speed data (history of speeds as a tabulation) from the found graphs of speeds, and finally its processing, which consisted of the histories of the current power density and power generated by a standard turbine, as well as the corresponding graphs of frequency and equivalence with respect to a continuous generation plant. The results show that the energy available in the tidal currents of the northern region of the Gulf of California is lower than that of other areas of the world with radical tidal changes; however, it is considered that the installation of several farms instead of one, located in the places where the currents reach higher speeds, together with the use of other renewable sources available in the region, constitute altogether an important option that must be considered.

Phylogeography and species delimitation in the New Zealand endemic, genetically hypervariable harvestman species, Aoraki denticulata (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Fernández ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Scenario

Aoraki denticulata, a widespread mite harvestman endemic to the NW South Island of New Zealand, was postulated to constitute an old lineage with deep genetic history. Expanding on previous studies, we explored its genetic diversity and population structure, phylogeography and diversification patterns. We also examined the systematic implications of such a complex scenario through species delimitation analyses under coalescent-based and barcoding gap discovery methodologies. Our results depict the deep evolutionary history of the A. denticulata lineage, which shows high geographic structure and low genetic connectivity among modern populations. Aoraki denticulata is further subdivided into three lineages: a lineage presently inhabiting the northern region of the Southern Alps (and including the subspecies A. d. major), a second lineage in the north-eastern part of the sampled land, and a third one occupying the south-eastern localities. When using species delimitation methods based on coalescence approaches, large numbers of cryptic species were estimated. Based on morphological and biological evidence, we thus argue that these methods may overestimate species in cases in which genetic divergence is unusually large and discuss the systematic implications of our findings.

Abolition of Customary Courts—the Nigerian Experiment

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Nwogugu
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Federal System ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Customary Court ◽  
The Government ◽  
Statutory Basis

Before the establishment of British judicial institutions in Nigeria, disputes were settled through the machinery of indigenous traditional tribunals. The character of these varied from one area of the country to another. In the Eastern part of the country, the machinery of justice was rudimentary and in no sense institutionalised. The strong tradition of chieftaincy which existed in the North and West enabled these areas to possess fairly well organised traditional tribunals. From 1898 the government of the Niger Coast Protectorate, in agreement with the local communities, began to create systematised native courts. These courts were purely administrative creations which were neither established nor controlled by statute. In 1900, the Grown took over from the Niger Company and by the Native Courts Proclamation established native courts on a statutory basis in the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. The system of native courts created by this enactment was modified in subsequent years. In 1948 the Brooke Commission of Enquiry was appointed for the Northern, the Eastern, the Western Provinces and for the Colony to review the operation and jurisdiction of the native courts in the various parts of Nigeria. With the introduction of the federal system of government in Nigeria in 1954, the native courts became a residuary matter on which Regional Legislatures alone could legislate. In the subsequent statutes on this matter, the Eastern and Western Regions adopted the new title “customary court” while the Northern Region retained the old title of native court.

scholarly journals The Negative Impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on Women and Children in Northern Nigeria: An Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Mustapha Alhaji Ali ◽  
Ummu Atiyah Ahmad Zakuan ◽  
Mohammad Zaki bin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

This paper studies the negative impacts of Boko Haram insurgency on women and children in northern Nigeria. Indeed, Boko Haram has affected the lives of the general populace in northern Nigeria, precisely women and children, by turning the women to widows and children to orphans, the negative events of the sect groups have continually coursing a serious damage to the lives and properties of the peoples in the northern region. The researcher used the Secondary source in acquiring the appropriate data. The study found that this set of individuals and their negative activities have affected the lives and properties of women and children. It is noted that many women have turned to widows and children to orphans. In view of this, the paper recommends that the government should intervein to provide the affected women and children with some empowerment programmes. It should also provide a good shelter to those that lost their husbands and residents, the government, traditional rulers, and religious leaders should help in assisting the children by enrolling them to schools like their fellow counterparts. There is a need for special rehabilitation and trauma centers in the affected states, especially for women and children who have had terrible knowledge during the insurgency period.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF THE INSTITUTION OF BLOOD FEUD IN INGUSHETIA, AT THE END OF THE XIX FIRST THIRD OF THE XX CENTURY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE "TERSKIYE VEDOMOSTI")

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
E. Z. Kholokhoeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Customary Law ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Public ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

In the modern period, great scientific interest is aroused by the institutions of customary law, which have not only survived, but sometimes manifest themselves, increasing attention to the problem of the institution of blood feud in the North Caucasus region, for example, in the Republic of Ingushetia. In the republic, the authorities are doing a lot to reconcile the blood feuds and the final elimination of this institution is of interest not only the institute itself but also different periods in the history of the Republic of Ingushetia (pre-revolutionary, secular and modern) when the authorities tried not only to reconcile but also to eradicate blood feuds. These periods and the work on limiting blood feuds are described in the works of N. Yakovlev, B. K. Dalgat, M.-S.G. Albogachieva, D.H. Saidumov, I. L.Babich, T.Pliev, M. S.Arsanukaeva, L. T.Agieva, L. B. Gandarova et al. authors. revenge was considered from different angles but there are still questions not investigated regarding the prevention of revenge in the early twentieth century. What is interesting is that in all periods, the government has strongly opposed the institution of revenge, which is understandable in principle. The attempts of the tsarist authorities, the clergy and the public to resolve the issue of blood feud among the Ingush are described in the interesting source "Sentences ..." the study of which is devoted to this article

scholarly journals DAMPAK PEMEKARAN DAERAH PADA PELAYANAN PUBLIK DITINJAU MENURUT SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali ◽  
Siti Mawar ◽  
Nurdin Syah
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Community Satisfaction ◽  
Cultural Recognition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

Region expansion is one of the main keys in providing services to the community, after the establishment of Law Number 22 of the Year 1999 concerning the regional government. This law was established due to problems arose mainly concerning the lack of public services, the extent of territory, territorial borders, ethnic and cultural differences, and unfair development in all regions and others, leading to many problems in the community. The results of this study revealed that region expansion had positive implications in term of social, political and cultural recognition of regional communities. Through the expansion policy, community entities with a long history of cohesiveness and greatness have been recognized as new autonomous regions. This recognition has, in turn, positively contribute to community satisfaction, which ultimately increases the regional support for central governments. It can be concluded that regional expansion policies shorten the geographical distance between citizen settlements and service centers, and narrow the range of control between the local governments and its lower government units. In addition, the expansion enables the government to bring new types of service to the area, such as electricity, water, and health services. Abstrak: Pemekaran daerah merupakan salah satu kunci utama dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat, setelah disahkannya atas UU No. 22 Tahun 1999 tentang pemerintahan daerah, lahirnya undang-undang ini dikarenakan adanya permasalahan-permasalahan yang timbul terutama dari segi kurangnya pelayanan publik, luasnya wilayah, batas wilayah,  perbedaan suku dan budaya,dan pembangunan yang tidak merata di seluruh daerah dan lain-lain, sehingga menimbulkan banyak permasalahan dalam masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pemekaran daerah membawa implikasi positif dalam bentuk pengakuan sosial, politik dan kultural masyarakat daerah. Melalui kebijakan pemekaran, entitas masyarakat yang mempunyai sejarah kohesivitas dan kebesaran yang panjang, memperoleh pengakuan sebagai daerah otonom baru. Pengakuan ini pada gilirannya memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap kepuasan masyarakat, sehingga meningkatkan dukungan daerah terhadap pemerintah nasional. Intisari kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah Kebijakan pemekaran daerah mampu memperpendek jarak geografis antara pemukiman penduduk dengan sentra pelayanan, juga mempersempit rentang kendali antara pemerintah daerah dengan unit pemerintahan di bawahnya. Disamping itu, pemekaran juga memungkinkan untuk menghadirkan jenis-jenis pelayan baru di Daerah tersebut seperti pelayanan listrik, Air, Kesehatan dan sebagainya. Kata Kunci: Dampak Pemekaran, Pelayanan Publik, Otonomi Khusus

scholarly journals Boko Haram Terrorism and a Threat to Right to Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Ayobami Samson Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
The North ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
North And South

The government shall direct its policy towards giving to the citizens equal and adequate educational opportunities at all levels. Although, not classified as a fundamental right, this constitutional prescription remains at the forefront of the basic objectives of the Nigerian government; yet, despite this laudable objective, the Northern region of Nigeria has a consistent record of low enrolment rate of indigenous pupils in schools, thereby creating a noticeable disparity between the North and South of Nigeria in terms of education. It is against this background that this paper discusses the evolution, incidences and enabling circumstances of Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria and its effects on education, particularly in the areas affected. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the long term consequences of the Boko Haram terrorism on the right to education, as guaranteed by the 1999 constitution, in the affected areas of Nigeria. The paper traces the origin and factors that aided the Boko Haram terrorism. It also considers the extent of the effectiveness of the response of the Nigerian government in tackling the problem. The findings prove that, although the response of the government has been active, yet it has not been effective in curtailing the terrorist activities. This has negatively impacted on education in the affected areas of the Northern Nigeria. The paper suggested measures to address the problem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document