The influence of soil conditions on the decomposition of organic matter in the soil

1917 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Russell ◽  
A. Appleyard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Decomposition Of Plant Residues

The biochemical decomposition of plant residues and other organic matter in the soil is of fundamental importance for soil fertility. It causes the breaking down of coarse plant fragments which otherwise might open up the soil too much: it leads to the production of colloidal complexes known as humus which exert many beneficial effects both chemical and physical, and it brings about the formation of nitrates, the most important of the nitrogenous plant nutrients.

Combined effects of soil fertility and vegetation structure on early decomposition of organic matter in a tropical riparian zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 105899
Author(s):  
Jéssica Akemi Hitaka Soares ◽  
Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de Souza ◽  
Luís Fernando de Abreu Pestana ◽  
Marcel Okamoto Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Riparian Zone ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BOTANICALS ON SOIL FERTILITY POTENTIALS, SEED GERMINATION AND PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) VARIETIES UNDER LOW FERTILE CONTINUOUSLY-CROPPED SOIL CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 400-413
Author(s):  
Babajide Peter ◽  
OpasinaIfeoluwa ◽  
Ajibola Adijat ◽  
Noah ◽  
Oyedele Temitope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Maize Varieties

It is not unreasonable to state that, even before the introduction of organic agriculture, African local farmers have numerous of undocumented environment-friendly, nature-inclined indigenous techniques for boosting soil fertility and enhancing crop yield. However, despite the versatility of indigenous knowledge, setback is always experienced from western science, which tags such knowledge as being non-scientific and not worthy of scholarly engagements. A field experiment was carried out in the year 2013, at the Teaching and Research Farms, LadokeAkintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, to assess the soil fertility and yield promoting potentials of some indigenous plant species’ botanicals used as pre-planting treatments on different maize varieties. It was a 3 by 5 factorial experiment. The treatments introduced were: Three (3) maize varieties (V1 = ACR-DMR-SR-Y, V2 = Local EM-W and V3 = Suwan Solo Yellow and five (5) other treatments (comprising pre-sowing botanical treatments of: Kigeliaafricana only, Glyphea brevis only, combination of Kigeliaafricana and Glyphea brevis only, NPK fertilizer application (as a reference) and the control (treated with ordinary water only). The trial was laid out in Split Plot in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters, and the data collected were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). All the botanical treatments significantly influenced germination, growth, yield and nutrient uptakes of maize, compared to the control. Either of the botanicals tested (with ordinary basal manure application of the pre-existing plant residues on the field), competed effectively with NPK fertilized plants. Hence, since maize responded better to sole treatments of either Kigeliaafricana or Glyphea brevis extracts, irrespective of varieties than the combined treatment of the two botanicals, any of the maize varieties is therefore recommended as being suitably compatible with either of the sole botanical treatments, in the study area. Thus, this research is reasonable, particularly in the aspects of fertilizer economy, environment-friendliness, organic farming and more profitable crop production in the tropics, where soils are continuously cropped and marginal.

scholarly journals Decomposition rate of peat-forming plants at the initial stages of destruction in peat deposits of the oligotrophic bogs “Bakcharskoe” and “Timiryasevskoe”

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliya Garifullovna Nikonova ◽  
Evgeniya Aleksandrovna Golovatskaya ◽  
Natalia Nikolaevna Tereshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Eriophorum Vaginatum ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Decomposition Of Plant Residues

The research presents quantitative estimates of the decomposition rate of plant residues at the initial stages of the decay of four plant species (Eriophorum vaginatum, Carex rostrata, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum angustifolium) in peat deposits of the oligotrophic bogs in the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia. We also studied the change in the content of total carbon, nitrogen and ash elements in plant residues and the activity of microflora at the initial stages of decomposition. The studies were conducted in the bogs characterized by various hydrothermal conditions. At the initial stage of the decay of peat-forming plants the maximum losses of mass occur in the first month of the experiment and reach 36-52% of the total loss of organic matter during the growing season. Sphagnum fuscum is the most resistant to decomposition. The most intense decomposition of Sphagnum fuscum at the initial stages of decomposition is characteristic for warmer and less humid conditions of the Timiryazevskoe bog. It was revealed that mass losses of organic matter correlate well with total carbon losses. The most intensive decreasing of the total carbon content as well as mass loss of organic matter are observed after the first month of the experiment. The maximal decline of carbon in plant residues was received for Eriophorum vaginatum. During the decomposition of plant residues, the nitrogen content was decreasing, and the most intense nitrogen losses were characteristic for Sphagnum mosses. Nitrogen loss in peat-forming plants during the first month of decomposition varies depending on the locality conditions, but it becomes equal during the later decomposition stages. At the first stages of decomposition of plant residues, both the accumulation and the loss of ash elements were observed in the samples. Both the Bakcharskoe and Timiryazevskoe bogs were characterized by the accumulation of ash elements in plant samples of Eriophorum vaginatum. Dynamics of mass loss and removal of elements are directly related to the activity of microorganisms. The maximum number of microorganisms was found in July and September. Peat and plant samples located in the peat deposit of the Timiryazevskoe bog are more saturated with microorganisms of the nitrogen cycle, and samples from the Bakcharskoe bog are richer in carbon cycle microorganisms. Microorganisms of the lignocellulosic complex were less active as compared with other groups of microorganisms. The number of microorganisms assimilating the mineral forms of nitrogen are on average 1.5 times less than the number of microorganisms assimilating the organic forms. The positive correlation between the nitrogen content and the number of fungi was found. In addition, correlation between the numbers of denitrifiers and oligotrophs was found. It is explained by trophic relationshipsbetween these groups of microorganisms.

Relationships between the Size of Aggregates, Particulate Organic Matter Content, and Decomposition of Plant Residues in Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-466
Author(s):  
V. M. Semenov ◽  
T. N. Lebedeva ◽  
N. B. Pautova ◽  
D. P. Khromychkina ◽  
I. V. Kovalev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Decomposition Of Plant Residues

scholarly journals Succession of Microbial Decomposers Is Determined by Litter Type, but Site Conditions Drive Decomposition Rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buresova ◽  
J. Kopecky ◽  
V. Hrdinkova ◽  
Z. Kamenik ◽  
M. Omelka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Litter Type ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter

ABSTRACT Soil microorganisms are diverse, although they share functions during the decomposition of organic matter. Thus, preferences for soil conditions and litter quality were explored to understand their niche partitioning. A 1-year-long litterbag transplant experiment evaluated how soil physicochemical traits of contrasting sites combined with chemically distinct litters of sedge (S), milkvetch (M) from a grassland, and beech (B) from forest site decomposition. Litter was assessed by mass loss; C, N, and P contents; and low-molecular-weight compounds. Decomposition was described by the succession of fungi, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes; bacterial diversity; and extracellular enzyme activities. The M litter decomposed faster at the nutrient-poor forest site, where the extracellular enzymes were more active, but microbial decomposers were not more abundant. Actinobacteria abundance was affected by site, while Firmicutes and fungi by litter type and Alphaproteobacteria by both factors. Actinobacteria were characterized as late-stage substrate generalists, while fungi were recognized as substrate specialists and site generalists, particularly in the grassland. Overall, soil conditions determined the decomposition rates in the grassland and forest, but successional patterns of the main decomposers (fungi and Actinobacteria) were determined by litter type. These results suggest that shifts in vegetation mostly affect microbial decomposer community composition. IMPORTANCE Anthropogenic disturbance may cause shifts in vegetation and alter the litter input. We studied the decomposition of different litter types under soil conditions of a nutrient-rich grassland and nutrient-poor forest to identify factors responsible for changes in the community structure and succession of microbial decomposers. This will help to predict the consequences of induced changes on the abundance and activity of microbial decomposers and recognize if the decomposition process and resulting quality and quantity of soil organic matter will be affected at various sites.

Influence of microorganisms upon the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the soil

1924 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selman A. Waksman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Original Plant ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content

Various investigations on the decomposition of organic matter in the soil have brought out the fact that there exists a more or less constant ratio between the carbon and nitrogen content of the soil, whatever the ratio between these elements in the organic matter originally added to the soil. This ratio varies from 8: 1 to 12: 1, i.e. for every 8 to 12 parts of carbon, there exists in the soil one part of nitrogen; the average ratio is about 10 to 1. Brown and O'Neal (1923), for example, found that the ratio of the carbon to the nitrogen in a Carrington loam is 12: 1 to 13: 1, while, in the case of a Tama silt loam, the ratio may go down to 10: 1. According to Sievers (1923), the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the soil is about 11·6: 1. Russell (1923) stated that, although there is about 40 times as much carbon as nitrogen in the original plant residues, the ratio will drop down to 10 to 1, before these residues have been very long in the soil. This ratio seemed to be in a stable position, for which no explanation could be suggested. Fraps (1922) found the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the surface soil to be 9·2: 1 and in the subsoil 8·3: 1; he suggested, therefore, to judge the percentage of organic carbon in the soil from the percentage of nitrogen present.

scholarly journals EFEITOS DE DIFERENTES FONTES DE MATERIAL ORGÂNICO NA FERTILIDADE E UMIDADE DO SOLO

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-659
Author(s):  
Daniela Fernanda Alves ◽  
Kleso Silva Franco Junior ◽  
Giselle Giselle Prado Brigante ◽  
Márcio De Souza Dias ◽  
Natália Scalco Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Material Control ◽  
Initial Analysis

Soil is a resource of fundamental importance for agriculture, one of its functions being the balanced supply of nutrients to plants. One of the ways to make the soil sustainable is by applying organic matter, which can be of animal or vegetable origin. The objective was to evaluate the effect of adding different organic materials to the soil in relation to its fertility and moisture. Conducted an initial analysis to analyze soil fertility. Then the area was divided into plots and the treatments were applied, which consisted of 40 ton ha-1 cattle manure, 5 ton ha-1 poultry manure, 53 ton ha-1 swine manure, 30 ton ha-1 coffee straw and 0 ton ha-1 organic material (control). After 90 days, samples were taken from this soil to analyze its fertility and moisture. The treatments that best contributed to its fertility were swine and cattle manure and the treatment that retained more moisture was coffee straw.

scholarly journals Ways to increase soil fertility

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Yu Vozhik
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Natural Means ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Purpose. Improve soil fertility Ukraine. Methods. The scientific and practical concepts of the use of natural means for the industrial production of cheap organic fertilizers in real field conditions are used in the work. Results. By analyzing the results of scientific research and practical recommendations of agricultural producers, the real ways are recommendations are made for obtaining high quality organic fertilizers using inexpensive and natural ingredients. Conclusions. It is established that the deficit of organic matter in the soils of Ukraine, which was created due to landslide reduction of animal husbandry and natural manure, is quite realistically compensated by the use, of cheap natural materials such as peat, sapropels, siderates and vegetable residues, composting them in a stationary environment. with the use of microbiological preparations. The features of the technology of their use are identified and the necessary technical means. Keywords: organic fertilizers, peat, sapropels, siderates, plant residues, microbiological preparations, composts.

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