MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN SOIL BIOKINETICS

This work is a report written at the suggestion of Ph.d. N. S. Panikov in 1985 when the author was a 2nd-year student of the Faculty of Soil Science of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. The report provides an example of a mathematical model of soil biokinetics and discusses numerical methods for solving its constituent equations. For the steady state, some useful computer programs are given, and for the non steady state, references to programs published in the literature are given.

55th ANNIVERSARY OF M.V. GLAGOLEV

The most sound papers by Mikhail V. Glagolev were reviewed, and the scope of his research activities was provided in the context of his 55th anniversary. The abstracts of some significant publications are provided and deeply discussed. All the publications mentioned were divided into six groups: 1) gas dynamics of ecosystems; 2) wetland mapping; 3) microbiology; 4) modeling of environmental processes, and other mathematical methods; 5) other topics and discussion articles; 6) teaching activities and reviews. Also, scientometrics indicators of M.V. Glagolevs scientific activity were discussed.

INVERSE PROBLEMS OF SOIL BIOKINETICS

This work represents the materials of the report prepared at the suggestion of N. S. Panikov in 19851986, when the author was a third-year student at the Faculty of Soil Science, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. The report contains definitions of direct and inverse problems. A classification of inverse problems and several examples of such problems encountered in soil science and biological kinetics are given. The question of the ill-posed inverse problems is touched, and the main methods of their solution are briefly listed. The problem of identifying a gas source in a soil column by the layer-by-layer balance method (based on measurements of the dynamics of the concentration field) is considered in detail. This task is shown as a computer program, and for others, useful links to programs published in the literature are given.

KINETIC ISOTOPIC EFFECT: STATIC RAYLEIGH EQUATION AND BASIC DYNAMIC ISOTOPE EQUATION FOR THE SUBSTRATE IN THE DESCRIPTION OF NITRITE-DEPENDENT ANAEROBIC OXIDATION OF METHANE

The article analyzes the results of modeling the dynamics of nitrite-dependent methane oxidation (N-DAMO) by Methylomirabilis oxyfera microorganisms using the standard isotope dynamic equations. Without specifying a specific function of the rate of the process, the traditional static Rayleigh equation is derived from the basic dynamic isotope equation. Thus, the equation of the 1st order in terms of the substrate is only a special case in the derivation of the Rayleigh equation. It was shown that the dominant fractionation of carbon isotopes occurs in the process of the microbiological reaction of anaerobic oxidation of methane by nitrite, and not in the physical process of mass transfer of dissolved methane into the gas phase. In contrast to the static Rayleigh equation, the dynamic description of the process of fractionation of stable isotopes is important when describing the parallel transformations of the substrate.

REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN RUSSIA: STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND COMPENSATING MEASURES FOR RESTORATION OF FORESTS AS A NET CO2 SENSOR

The article provides an overview and analysis of the state of the problem of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Russia, considers the measures developed at the level of the country and individual corporations that issue GHG to combat climate change. Particular attention is paid to methods of carbon dioxide (CO2) compensation, including taking into account the absorbing capacity of forests. The experience of the largest Russian oil company "Tatneft" is described in the implementation of a project for the breeding and scaling of triploid aspen with an increased absorptive capacity for planting seedlings in forests in order to reduce and compensate for the carbon footprint.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF MICROORGANISM GROWTH (ANALYTICAL APPROACH)

This work is a report "Mathematical modeling of the growth of microorganisms", written at the suggestion of the teacher of mathematics L.S. Akinfieva in 1982, when the author was a student of the 10th grade of a specialized (with in-depth study of biology) school No. 11 in Moscow. All students of this class were asked to write reports (as a "gift for the 60th anniversary of the USSR") within the framework of the general theme "Mathematics in my future profession." The report contains the basic equations of the kinetics of growth and dying of microorganisms, as well as their consumption of a nutrient substrate (Malthus, Monod's equations, Herbert's model). In addition to the equations of microbiological kinetics themselves, some methods of obtaining their approximate solutions in the form of explicit functions (without using numerical methods) are demonstrated.

NATURAL FEATURES OF THE ORCHID REFUGIUM ON THE TERRITORY OF THE NATURAL PARK "SAMAROVSKY CHUGAS"

The article discusses the natural conditions and biological resources, landscape features of the key territory of the natural Park "Samarovsky Chugas", located in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. An overview of geographical studies of this region is given. The main components that influence the formation of natural complexes of a specially protected natural area are characterized. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of vegetation and the processes of anthropogenic changes in the landscapes of this key area. The main ways of vegetation transformation caused by economic activity and changes in the nature of surface runoff are highlighted. The ecological and geographical conditions of the Orchid refugium are characterized. The article substantiates the need to allocate the studied area as a zone with a protected regime within the territory of a natural Park.

APPLICATION OF THE AUTOMATED CHAMBER METHOD FOR LONG-TERM GAS FLOW MEASUREMENTS IN SWAMP ECOSYSTEMS OF WESTERN SIBERIA

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BIOGEOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE VEGETATION STATUS OF REINDEER PASTURES OF THE NADYM DISTRICT OF THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT

The chemical elemental composition of the most widespread species of wood (Betula pubescens, Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, Salix lanata), shrubs (Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Ledum palustust sl), herbs (Eriophorum angustifolium, Equisetum arvense) and lichens (Cladonia stellaris, Cladonia stygia). The concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Y, V, Na, Mg, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, S obtained using the method of retgenofluorescence energy dispersion analysis. The features of the local biogeochemical background of plants are revealed and their geochemical specialization is studied. The greatest difference in the level of accumulation between different plant species was found for Ni, Zn, Ca, Mn, S, and Si. The analysis of the accumulation coefficients of chemical elements in plants relative to the local background level is carried out. Statistical significant differences in the elements accumulation by plants in different bioclimatic zones were revealed for Cu, Fe, Co, Cr, As, Mg, V, Y. The studied plants according to environmental safety criteria and the content of normalized micro- and macrocells mainly meet the requirements for fodder plants. The exception is the low content of nutrients Co, Na and K. For the prevention of animal diseases associated with a deficiency of essential elements, it is necessary to optimize the diet of deer by enriching feed with biologically active substances and macro- and microelements.

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF LONG-TERM FORECASTING OF SEASONAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA

In present paper the expanding application possibility of physical-statistical methods in long-term forecast are viewed.A nonparametric discriminate analyzing model has been constructed on the South-East of EPR (European part ofRussia). The model is based on consideration of asynchronous bonds between the condition of circulating systems of theAtlantic-Eurasian hemisphere sector and the period of seasonal hydrotermeological events onset on South-East of ЕPR.This model allows distinguishing three cluster areas which associate with three phases of predicted event; commonly,only two cluster areas are distinguished. We would like to present results of predictions testing of training and controlsets. The conclusion of our model region appliance effectiveness is also represented in paper.