Investigation of automatic driving of a mobile wide span agricultural vehicle in the wake of a constant technology track

Annotation Purpose. Determination of regularities of influence of parameters of bridge agricultural means and system of its automatic driving in the wake of a constant technological track on kinematics of its onboard (force) turn and development of the basic ways of development of automatic driving theory of specialized wide span agricultural means. Methods. Theoretical researches, synthesis of constructive schemes and parameters of the bridge agricultural means were carried out by modeling on the personal computer of conditions of its functioning. Bases of the theory of a tractor and theoretical mechanics with use of a Mathcad package are the basis for methods of research. Pilot studies of wide span agricultural means and implementation of the offered way of its automatic driving in the wake of a constant technology track with use of a laser beam were carried out in specially equipped laboratory. Results. For theoretical research of process of automatic driving of wide span agricultural means possible conditions of implementation of onboard (power) turn by it are considered. The equivalent scheme of forces and kinematics of onboard turn is constructed, on the basis of which the received analytical expressions which connect among themselves design, kinematic and power data of wide span agricultural means, at which perhaps effective implementation of onboard turn. It is also established that perspective and effective for automation of driving of wide span agricultural means in the wake of a constant technology track with purely onboard (power) method of its turn is uses of a laser beam as trajectory sensor. Thus the received analytical dependence for determination of accuracy of an arrangement of a laser emitter from the left and right side of a constant technology track depending on the set accuracy of giving of a laser beam. Keywords: track and bridge systems of agriculture, wide span agricultural means, driving automation, local positioning systems, theoretical and experimental researches, accuracy.

Scientific-methodological approach to the substantiation of the rational seasonal scenario of using combine harvesters by large-scale agricultural producers

Аnnotation Purpose. To increase the efficiency of technological processes of grain harvesting by large-scale agricultural producers due to the rational use of combine harvesters available on the farm. Methods. In the course of the research the methods of system analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system-factor and system-event approaches, graphic method were used. Results. Characteristic events that occur during the harvesting of grain crops, both within a single production unit and the entire agricultural producer are identified. A method for predicting time intervals of use and downtime of combine harvesters of production units has been developed. The roadmap of substantiation the rational seasonal scenario of the use of grain harvesters of large-scale agricultural producers is developed, which allows estimating the efficiency of each of the scenarios of multivariate placement of grain harvesters on fields taking into account influence of natural production and agrometeorological factors on the efficiency of technological cultures. Conclusions 1. Known scientific and methodological approaches to optimization of machine used in agriculture do not take into account the risks of losses of crops due to late harvesting, as well as seasonal natural and agrometeorological conditions of each production unit of the farmer, which requires a new approach to the rational use of rational seasonal combines of large agricultural producers. 2. The developed new approach to the substantiation of the rational seasonal scenario of the use of combined harvesters of large-scale agricultural producers allows taking into account the costs of harvesting of grain and the cost of the lost crop because of the lateness of harvesting at optimum variants of attraction of additional free combine harvesters. provides more profit. 3. The practical application of the developed road map will allow large-scale agricultural producers to use combine harvesters more efficiently and reduce harvesting costs. Keywords: combine harvesters, use, production divisions, risk, seasonal scenario, large-scale agricultural producers.

The methodology of experimental research of the feed components extrusion process in order to improve its energy performance

Annotation Purpose. Development of a program and methods for conducting experimental studies of the extrusion process with the definition of parameters and modes of operation of the extruder to improve its energy performance. Methods. Methods of mathematical statistics, synthesis, analysis, description and modeling were used. Results. The application of mathematical methods, in particular mathematical planning, reduces the number of experiments several times, and allows to evaluate the role of influencing factors, obtain a mathematical model of the process and determine the optimal conditions for its parameters and modes, etc. Conclusions. The methodology for experimental studies of a screw extruder is presented with the necessary equipment and methodology for processing the obtained experimental data. A mathematical method of planning, which reduces the number of experiments several times, allows us to evaluate the role of factors affecting productivity and energy intensity is presented. Keywords: extruder, auger, nutrients, research methodology, extrusion, processing, feed.

Method and results of experimental researches of modes of work of the adaptive milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type

Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of machine milking due to the improvement of milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type. Methods. Studies have been conducted on the basis of the planned experiment. The data obtained were processed using the methods of regression analysis. Results. The technique of laboratory researches is developed, a prototype of a membrane regulator of vacuum is made and experimental researches of operating modes of the adaptive milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type. According to the results of the research, the dependence between the parameters and the mode of operation of the membrane vacuum regulator was obtained. Conclusions. The dependence is obtained, between the vacuum pressure in the milk collection chamber of the collector, milk expense, the diameters of the milk pipe and the diameters of a throttle opening. The limit values of the intensity of milk output (0.2 m3/s) at which there is a critical drop in the working vacuum pressure in the milk collection chamber of the collector and the corresponding choke parameters (diameter of the throttle opening 0,001 m) are defined. This eliminates this negative phenomenon. Keywords: adaptive milking equipment, milking machine, machine milking, milk expense.

Innovative approaches to manage entomophages production

Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of entomophages production by developing innovative approaches for it management. Methods. System approach, intelligent information technologies. Results. Innovative approaches for it management of entomophages production have been developed, which consist of: determining and ranking the factors that have the greatest impact on the quality of entomological products, and factors that lead to substandard products; the creation of structural and parametric complexes for assessing product quality; real-time assessment of the intensity of entomocultures development processes; automation of management abiotic parameters stepwise development of insects (temperature and relative humidity of the box for growing of insects) in real time; determining the quality of entomological products in conditions of incomplete information, taking into account the impact of a combination of abiotic and biotic production parameters; calculation of optimal values of production parameters in conditions of uncertainty; systematization of knowledge about the interaction of heterogeneous parameters in the production of entomophages. Conclusions. The proposed innovative approaches to manage the production of entomophages can increase its efficiency by forming optimal management strategies, using the technological experience of specialists and modern intelligent information technologies in particular, SCADA-systems, fuzzy logic theory and cognitive analysis. Keywords: innovative approaches, production of entomophages, intelligent information technologies.

Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

Method for determining the kinematic parameters of the vertical rotor blades for the destruction of the tuberous layer

Annotation Purpose. Development of a technique for determining the velocities of collision of the blades with the tuberous layer, the trajectory of movement, the magnitude and direction of the velocities of the most characteristic points. Methods. The research was carried out using the basic provisions of theoretical mechanics, statistics, probability theory, methods of differential calculations, mathematical modeling and applied programming. The studies were carried out on a specially designed laboratory installation using a vertical rotor hydraulic drive and strain gauge equipment mounted on a tractor, as well as a set of variable connecting plates for setting the machine operating modes. Results. The calculations of the absolute collision velocities of the blades of the lower and upper beaters of the vertical rotor at the start and end points, respectively, are performed. The geometric shape of the working surfaces and the direction of rotation for the extreme points of the outer contours of the blades of the lower and upper beaters of the vertical rotor of the potato harvester are substantiated. Conclusions. Using the above technique, as well as graphical dependences, we calculated the rational kinematic parameters of the blades of the lower and upper beaters of the vertical rotor, respectively, at the start and end points, where the greatest destruction of the tuber layer. For the lower beater blade, the absolute collision speed at the angle of rotation ωнt = 120° at the starting point = 1.6 m/s, at the end point – = 1.94 m/s. For the upper beater blade, the absolute collision speed at the angle of rotation ωвt = 120° at the starting point = 1.4 m/s, at the end point – = 1.92 m/s. Therefore, according to the specified rational kinematic parameters of the blades of the lower and upper beaters of the vertical rotor, it is possible to design the geometric shape of the surfaces of the crushing working bodies of potato harvesters. Keywords: blade, breaking surface, breasts, potatoes.

Influence of hinged device parameters on negative resonance oscillations during the operation of machine-tractor unit in transport mode

Annotation Purpose. Reducing the influence of resonance phenomena on the structural elements of a tractor of the KIY 14102 type when driving with an attached implement in transport mode. Methods. To solve this problem means of graph-analytical constructions, analytical geometry, oscillation theory and theoretical mechanics were used. Results. On the basis of the graphic-analytical analysis of the kinematic diagram of the tractor attachment of the KIY 14102 type, it was found that the position of the instantaneous center of its rotation significantly depends on the change in the angle between the tractor frame and the levers, which are united by the CA-1 automatic connection device. The frequency range of forced oscillations of the tractor frame, which occur when driving in a certain speed range, can coincide with the relative natural frequency of the tractors, which leads to resonance phenomena. Resonant longitudinal-angular vibrations of the tractor frame reduce the normal reactions of the steered wheels with the supporting surface, which worsens controllability. Changing the frequency of the natural resonance of the elements connecting the tractor with the implement can be done by changing the kinematic stiffness of the mounted system. Conclusions 1. The kinematic diagram of the hinged device of tractors significantly affects the dependence of the position of the instantaneous center of rotation of the hinged device relative to the mass of the implement that is aggregated. 2. The existing parameters of the mounted systems of tractors of the KIY 14102 type can lead to the occurrence of resonance phenomena when driving in transport mode on unpaved field roads, which negatively affects the controllability of the MTA. 3. Reducing the resonant frequency of natural vibrations of the attachment system with the tool, by reducing the kinematic stiffness, improves the dynamics of the interaction of the elements of the machine-tractor unit with each other and with the supporting surface. Keywords: machine-tractor unit, clutch system, tests, dynamic loads, strain gauge measurements, air pressure in tires.