scholarly journals EFEITOS DE DIFERENTES FONTES DE MATERIAL ORGÂNICO NA FERTILIDADE E UMIDADE DO SOLO

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-659
Author(s):  
Daniela Fernanda Alves ◽  
Kleso Silva Franco Junior ◽  
Giselle Giselle Prado Brigante ◽  
Márcio De Souza Dias ◽  
Natália Scalco Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Material Control ◽  
Initial Analysis

Soil is a resource of fundamental importance for agriculture, one of its functions being the balanced supply of nutrients to plants. One of the ways to make the soil sustainable is by applying organic matter, which can be of animal or vegetable origin. The objective was to evaluate the effect of adding different organic materials to the soil in relation to its fertility and moisture. Conducted an initial analysis to analyze soil fertility. Then the area was divided into plots and the treatments were applied, which consisted of 40 ton ha-1 cattle manure, 5 ton ha-1 poultry manure, 53 ton ha-1 swine manure, 30 ton ha-1 coffee straw and 0 ton ha-1 organic material (control). After 90 days, samples were taken from this soil to analyze its fertility and moisture. The treatments that best contributed to its fertility were swine and cattle manure and the treatment that retained more moisture was coffee straw.

The influence of soil conditions on the decomposition of organic matter in the soil

1917 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Russell ◽  
A. Appleyard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Decomposition Of Plant Residues

The biochemical decomposition of plant residues and other organic matter in the soil is of fundamental importance for soil fertility. It causes the breaking down of coarse plant fragments which otherwise might open up the soil too much: it leads to the production of colloidal complexes known as humus which exert many beneficial effects both chemical and physical, and it brings about the formation of nitrates, the most important of the nitrogenous plant nutrients.

THE FORMS OF NITROGEN IN THE ORGANIC MATTER OF DIFFERENT HORIZONS OF SOIL PROFILES

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Sowden
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Soil Profiles

A study was made of the amount of amide-N (as glutamine and asparagine) in soil materials by methylating the organic material with methanolic-HCl, reducing the resulting product with LiBH4and determining the loss of glutamic and aspartic acids. The data obtained lend support to the hypothesis that a percentage of the ammonia-N formed on acid hydrolysis, equal or nearly equal to the sum of the glutamic acid-N + the aspartic acid-N, is derived from glutamine and asparagine. An attempt to use other methods to determine the amount of amide-N in soil materials indicated that these methods would not, in general, be reliable, although they might give acceptable results when the degree of decomposition of the organic materials was not too great (e.g., in the A00or A0horizons).

scholarly journals Impact of Forage Fertilization with Urea and Composted Cattle Manure on Soil Fertility in Sandy Soils of South-Central Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keenan C. McRoberts ◽  
Quirine M. Ketterings ◽  
David Parsons ◽  
Tran Thanh Hai ◽  
Nguyen Hai Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Nutrient Balances ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Forage Management

Increased production in smallholder beef systems requires improved forage management. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of composted cattle manure and mineral nitrogen (urea) application on soil fertility and partial nutrient balances in plots established toBrachiariacv. Mulato II in south-central coastal Vietnam from 2010 to 2013. A randomized complete block design was implemented on six farms (blocks), with five rates of composted cattle manure (0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 Mg DM/ha per yr) and three urea rates (0, 60, and 120 kg N/ha per yr) in a factorial design. Soil was analyzed before and after the experiment. Compost increased soil pH, organic matter, Ca, Mg, and Mn. The effect of compost and urea applications on postexperiment soil fertility depended on preexperiment soil fertility for K, P, S, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, and organic matter, suggesting that the ability to maintain soil fertility depends on the interaction between soil organic and inorganic amendments and existing soil fertility. Highest farm yields were also achieved on farms with higher preexperiment soil fertility levels. Negative partial nutrient balances for N, P, and K suggest that yields will not be sustainable over time even for the highest fertilization inputs used in this experiment.

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK SEDIMEN DAN KADAR H2S AIR DI DALAM DAN DI LUAR TEGAKAN MANGROVE DESA BEDONO, KABUPATEN DEMAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Halimatus Sa’diyah ◽  
Norma Afiati ◽  
Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Current Speed ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Surrounding Environment

Kawasan mangrove dapat memproduksi bahan organik dari proses dekomposisi serasah yang jatuh yang menjadi penyuplai nuterien ke lingkungannya. Proses tersebut menggunakan oksigen terlarut yang apabila oksigen terlarut habis maka proses tersebut beralih ke proses dekomposisi secara anaerob yang menyebabkan terbentuknya senyawa H2S. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kandungan bahan organik sedimen dan kadar H2S air di dalam dan di luar kawasan mangrove serta untuk mengetahui hubungan kandungan kadar H2S air dengan bahan organik sedimen dan oksigen terlarut di kawasan mangrove desa Bedono. Metode penelitian adalah metode survey. Penelitian ini dilakasanakn pada bulan Mei- Juni 2017 di lokasi yang mewakili kawasan mangrove dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Data yang diukur adalah suhu air, kecerahan, kedalaman, kecepatan arus, oksigen terlarut, pH, bahan organik sedimen dan H2S air yang dilaksanakan empat kali dengan selang pengukuran dua minggu. Hasil yang didapat yaitu suhu air 28-31oC, kecerahan 14,5-68 cm, kedalaman 33-165 cm, kecepatan arus 0-0,1 m/s, oksigen terlarut , pH 5-6, bahan organik sedimen 7,73-20,27%, H2S air 0,003-0,037 mg/l. Kandungan bahan organik sedimen dan kadar H2S air tertinggi di dalam kawasan mangrove dengan rata-rata 16,36% dan 0,031 mg/l, dan terendah di luar kawasan mangrove dengan rata-rata 9,78% dan 0,01 mg/l. Kadar H2S tinggi di dalam kawasan mangrove dan lebih rendah di luar kawasan mangrove. Kadar H2S air dengan bahan organik sedimen dan oksigen terlarut berhubungan linier dengan persamaan H2S= 0,027 + 0,001BOS- 0,006 DO (r= 0,7246, BOS= Bahan Organik Sedimen, DO= Dissolved Oxygen). Mangroves produce organic matter from the decomposition of falling leaves, twigs etc, which supply nutrient to the environment. The process uses dissolved oxygen; when dissolved oxygen exhausted, it switches into anaerobic decomposition which causes the formation of H2S compounds. This study aims to knowing differences in sediment organic materials and H2S within and adjacent of mangrove areas and to determine the relation of H2S with sediment organic materials and dissolved oxygen in the mangrove areas of Bedono. Survey method is refered, and the study was conducted in May - June 2017 on locations representing mangrove areas and the surrounding environment. The data measured are water temperature, brightness, depth, current speed, dissolved oxygen, pH, sediment organic materials and H2S in the water. Sampling was conducted four times every fortnight. The result of the water temperature is  28-31 ° C, brightness 14.5 to 68 cm, 33-165 cm depth, current speed 0-0.1 m/s, dissolved oxygen 2-5,2 mg/l, pH 5-6, sediment organic material 7,73 to 20.27%, H2S 0.003 to 0.037 mg/l. Sediment organic materials and H2S were highest within the mangrove area, with an average 16.36% and 0.031 mg/l, and the lowest outside of mangrove area with an average 9.78% and 0.01 mg/l. H2S higher in the inside of  the mangrove areas compared to the outside of it. The relation of H2S with sediment organic materials and dissolved oxygen is linearly related according to the equation H2S= 0.027+ 0.001SOM- 0.006DO (r= 0.7246, SOM= Sediment Organic Materials, DO= Dissolved Oxygen).

scholarly journals Managing soils for long-term productivity

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1356) ◽  
pp. 1011-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Syers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Tropics

Meeting the goal of long–term agricultural productivity requires that soil degradation be halted and reversed. Soil fertility decline is a key factor in soil degradation and is probably the major cause of declining crop yields. There is evidence that the contribution of declining soil fertility to soil degradation has been underestimated. Sensitivity to soil degradation is implicit in the assessment of the sustainability of land management practices, with wide recognition of the fact that soils vary in their ability to resist change and recover subsequent to stress. The concept of resilience in relation to sustainability requires further elaboration and evaluation. In the context of soil degradation, a decline in soil fertility is primarily interpreted as the depletion of organic matter and plant nutrients. Despite a higher turnover rate of organic matter in the tropics there is no intrinsic difference between the organic matter content of soils from tropical and temperate regions. The level of organic matter in a soil is closely related to the above and below ground inputs. In the absence of adequate organic material inputs and where cultivation is continuous, soil organic matter declines progressively. Maintaining the quantity and quality of soil organic matter should be a guiding principle in developing management practices Soil microbial biomass serves as an important reservoir of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S), and regulates the cycling of organic matter and nutrients. Because of its high turnover rate, microbial biomass reacts quickly to changes in management and is a sensitive indicator for monitoring and predicting changes in soil organic matter. Modelling techniques have been reasonably successful in predicting changes in soil organic matter with different organic material inputs, but there is little information from the tropics. Nutrient depletion through harvested crop components and residue removal, and by leaching and soil erosion accentuates the often very low inherent fertility of many soils in the tropics. An integrated approach involving inorganic and organic inputs is required where animal and plant residues are returned, as far as practicable. Chemical fertilizers alone cannot achieve long–term productivity on many soils and organic material inputs are required to maintain soil organic matter levels and crop productivity. A major research effort is required to develop improved strategies for halting and reversing soil degradation if long–term productivity is to be secured.

scholarly journals Organic matter fractions and soil fertility under the influence of liming, vermicompost and cattle manure

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Yagi ◽  
Manoel Evaristo Ferreira ◽  
Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz ◽  
José Carlos Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
P Supply ◽  
Better Than

This work evaluates effects of cattle manure vermicompost in association with liming on soil fertility indexes. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions, in pots containing samples of a Typic Hapludox, medium-textured soil. Five levels of vermicompost (equivalent to 0, 28, 42, 56, and 70 t ha-1, dry weight) and five liming levels (to raise base saturation to 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60%) were combined in a factorial scheme and samples were incubated for 180 days. Samples of the same soil received the equivalent to 70 t ha-1 of the cattle manure used to produce the vermicompost, and the same lime rates. Cattle manure was better than vermicompost to supply K and Mg. Small differences in P supply were observed between the manures. The vermicompost increased the levels of Ca, pH, organic matter (OM) and CEC more than the manure. C-humic acids decreased and C-humin increased with vermicompost application. With liming, C-humic acids decreased, but the total content of OM was not affected.

scholarly journals Performance of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) in response to organic and NPK fertilizers

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehiokhilen Kevin Eifediyi ◽  
Samson Uduzei Remison ◽  
Henry Emeka Ahamefule ◽  
Kameel Olubukola Azeez ◽  
Phillip Olumide Fesobi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
North Central ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Abstract The soil of North-Central Nigeria is home to many plant products that are used as industrial raw materials, and after processing their waste are often left in drainage channels, which ultimately find their way into rivers and streams where they pollute these water bodies, and sometimes some of these materials are burnt, which further aggravates global warming. In addition, the soil of the region is characterized by low organic matter content because of annual bush burnings, which reduce the low humus content of soils. Watermelon requires a fertile soil, which is high in organic matter content, while infertile soils yield an increased production of male flowers at the expense of female flowers, which results in low fruit set. Therefore, a study was carried out at the University of Ilorin Teaching and Research Farm, Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria, during the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014 to assess the effect of different organic materials on the growth and yield of watermelon. The factors imposed were a control, NPK fertilizer and five organic materials (neem seed cake (NSC), jatropha seed cake (JSC), poultry manure (PM), compost manure (CM), and cow dung (CD)). The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated thrice. Data collected on soil physico-chemical properties were: organic matter content, soil pH, organic carbon, total N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, bulk density (BD), micro porosity (MIP), macro porosity (MAP), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (KS). Plant parameters evaluated include growth (vine length and number of leaves) and yield (number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, and yield ha−1). Results indicated that the organic matter content increased after the first year’s cropping and declined at the end of the study. The amended plots showed significantly higher values (P < 0.05) with respect to most soil physical properties (MIP), (MAP), and (KS), except the BD, where the values were lower. The bulk density particularly deteriorated on soils that were not organically amended. In addition, the soil chemical properties examined increased following the first year’s cropping, and thereafter declined at the end of the second-year cropping season. The response of watermelon showed that the two years’ yield data ranged between 334 and 402 t/ha, 306 and 390 t/ha, and 38.25 and 59.20 t/ha for NPK, poultry manure, and control treatments respectively. From the results, it was observed that the organic amendments were environmentally more friendly compared to the inorganic amendment (NPK fertilizer) in terms of positive effects on soil structural properties.

scholarly journals STUDY ON ARSENIC MITIGATION BY LIMING METHOD COMBINING ORGANIC MATERIAL ON SOYBEAN AND CORN IN AN GIANG PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (37) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Chuong Van Nguyen ◽  
Chinh Trung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Crop Land ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

The study on arsenic mitigation by liming method, combining organic material on soybean and corn crops on the dyke in An Giang, was conducted to determine the effect of lime combination rice husk ash (03 tons/ha) on the uptake of arsenic in soybean, and the effect of lime combination sawdust (02 tons/ha) on the uptake of arsenic in corn crops. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block field format, where the experiments were arranged with 2 treatments with 4 replicates: Treatment 1 (NT1): control (No liming combined with organic materials); Treatment 2 (NT2): liming combined with organic materials in a ratioof 1: 1 (Dosage: 03 tons / ha of lime mixture with rice husk biochar for soybean crop land, 02 tons / ha of mixed lime combined with sawdust for corn crop land). The results revealed that liming treatments combined withorganic materials increased pH H2O and arsenic in soil - the lime combination rice husk ash arsenic content in roots (0.836 mg/kg), leaf stems (0.83 mg/kg) and seeds (0.06 mg/kg) had results lower than the control treatments, 33.1%; 32.5% and 45.5% respectively. Applying and combining lime with sawdust resulted in lower arsenic content in leaf stems (95.3 mg/kg) and seeds (6.33 mg/kg) compared to the control treatmentsby 31.9% and 49.4%. Therefore, added lime combined with organic matter can decrease arsenic content in plants, and it is recommended that growers apply this technique to reduce the absorption of arsenic into crops.

scholarly journals Germination speed and flowing age of corn with the utilization of organic materials fortuned Pleurotus ostreatus dry land

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
Z Syamsiar ◽  
A Ambo ◽  
Rismaneswati ◽  
R Iradhatullah
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Main Plot

Abstract Organic matter plays an effective role in restoring soil fertility. This indicator of soil fertility lies in the organic content of the soil. One of the organic materials that have been proven to improve land quality is biochar and chicken manure. In addition, the use of Pleurotus ostreatus can increase the hormone content in organic matter. The purpose of this study was to determine the speed of germination and flowering speed of maize (Zea mays) with the application of organic matter enriched with the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. The study was structured using a Split Plot Design (RPT). The main plot is organic matter, and the subplot is the administration of Pleurotus ostreatus. The study consisted of 12 treatment combinations which were repeated 3 times to obtain 36 plots of observation units. The results showed that the application of treatment had a significant and very significant effect on the speed of germination and flowering speed of maize (Zea mays). The combination treatment of manure + biochar with 10% Pleurotus ostreatus gave the speed of germination on day 4.33 and flowering speed on day 47.33.

Improving soil carbon pool, soil fertility and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in low-fertile tropical Alfisols by combining fertilizers with slow-decomposing organic amendments

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
J. A. S. Chathurika ◽  
D. Kumaragamage ◽  
S. P. Indraratne ◽  
W. S. Dandeniya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Soil Carbon Pool ◽  
The Third

AbstractAmendment of recalcitrant organic materials with high carbon/nitrogen (C/N)-ratio may improve and maintain soil labile C for a longer period, thus enhancing the productivity of soils with low fertility; however, immobilization of N may affect the plant growth negatively. To reduce the negative impacts, recalcitrant organic materials can be pre-incubated with N-rich sources or applied in combination with fertilizers. The current study evaluated sawdust biochar (BC) and pre-incubated cattle manure–sawdust mixture (CS) amendments with synthetic fertilizers in improving soil carbon pool, soil fertility and maize (Zea mays L.) yield on a tropical Alfisol. Four treatments: control, site-specific fertilizer (SSF), site-specific fertilizer with sawdust biochar (BC + SSF) or pre-incubated cattle manure-sawdust mixture (CS + SSF), were evaluated for two seasons with maize. The residual effect was evaluated in the third season. During the year of active C application, lability index, C management index and potentially mineralizable N were significantly greater in CS + SSF than BC + SSF treatment. However, the same indices measured in the third season with no further application of amendments were significantly greater in BC + SSF than in CS + SSF treatment, indicating an increase in more recalcitrant C pool with BC amendment. Application of organic amendments improved soil fertility parameters compared with the application of fertilizer alone. Maize yield was significantly increased by fertilizer, with or without organic amendments; with significantly greater yield in BC + SSF than other treatments. Results suggest that soil amendment with BC had greater potential to improve the soil carbon pool and maintain labile carbon for a longer period than a pre-incubated CS.

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