Estimation of nitric nitrogen and total nitrogen in plant tissue extracts

1923 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Hugh Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Colloidal Matter ◽  
Nitric Nitrogen

Several methods for estimating nitrates by reduction to ammonia were examined. The error involved in the use of acid reducing agents in presence of amino groups was emphasised.A method based on the use of Devarda's alloy and magnesia is recommended.In the estimation of nitrates in plant extracts, etc., by this method an equal volume of rectified spirit is first added to the solution to precipitate colloidal matter. The precipitate is filtered off and an aliquot part of the filtrate containing the equivalent in nitrate nitrogen of about 0.1 gm. of KNO3 is distilled with steam for 45 minutes with 1 gm. of Devarda's alloy and ½ gm. of freshly ignited magnesia. A blank determination is essential, in which the same volume of filtrate is distilled for the same length of time with ½ gm. of magnesia.In Kjeldahl estimations in presence of nitrates, where the separate estimation of nitrates is not required, 2 c.c. of 25 per cent. NaOH may be substituted for the magnesia. Relatively this is very much less soda than Devarda recommends. The mixture in this case may be distilled directly for half-an-hour. The nitrates are thus reduced and the ammonia produced is collected before beginning the digestion with sulphuric acid.This work was carried out under the supervision of Mr F. W. Foreman to whom the author's best thanks are due for much valuable criticism and advice.

Total Soluble Sugar Quantification from Ethanolic Plant Extracts v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Doran ◽  
Amanda P. De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Tissue Extracts

Quantification of total soluble sugars (as glucose) in plant tissue extracts via the sulfuric phenol method adapted for 96 well plates.

Presence of spiroplasma-inhibitory substances in plant tissue extracts

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Liao ◽  
T. A. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Replication ◽  
Spiroplasma Citri ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Corn Stunt ◽  
Corn Stunt Spiroplasma

Plant tissue extracts prepared from corn, periwinkle, celery, and lettuce contain substance(s) which are inhibitory for spiroplasma growth in culture media. The inhibition titer, measured as the highest dilution of plant extracts which block spiroplasma growth, is inversely proportional to the spiroplasma concentration used for testing. At a concentration of 104 cells/mL, the growth of four spiroplasma isolates investigated (corn stunt spiroplasma, Spiroplasma citri, honey bee spiroplasma, and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) spiroplasma) was suppressed by the addition of corn and periwinkle extracts up to dilutions of 1/160 and 1/1280, respectively. Spiroplasmas remained viable in extract-supplemented media for at least 5 days and continued to multiply shortly after the plant extract was removed. These results suggest that (1) the inhibitory action of plant extracts is spiroplasmastatic, and (2) inhibitory factors may temporarily bind to cytoplasmic membrane and subsequently suppress the process of cell replication. The anti-mycoplasma activity was greatly reduced when the extract was placed in boiling water for 10 min or at 37 °C for 5 days. No loss of activity was detected when the extract was kept at −20 or 4 °C for 5 days.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TOTAL CONTENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN PLANT EXTRACTS WITH FOLIN-DENIS REAGENT AND FOLIN-CHOCALTEU REAGENT: MODIFICATION AND COMPARISON

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Nikolayevna Nikolaeva ◽  
Petr Vladimirovich Lapshin ◽  
Natal'ya Viktorovna Zagoskina
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Linear Character ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Density Of Solutions

A modification of the method for determining the total content of phenolic compounds in plant tissue extracts with the Folin-Denis reagent and the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent has been carried out, allowing to establish the correspondence of the results obtained when using them. The method using the Folin-Denis reagent is adapted for conducting determinations in microvolumes. For the method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the concentration of the latter (0.4 N, a 5-fold dilution of the standard reagent) and the composition of the reaction mixture were selected, using which the optical densities of the reduction products of the Folin-Denis and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents containing polyphenols in ethanol extracts from wheat, buckwheat and calus tissue of tea were almost the same. The absorption spectra of the reduction products of these reagents by gallic acid, rutin, (-)-epicatechin, as well as ethanol extracts from wheat, buckwheat, and tea calus tissue, were located in the same region (680–770 nm) and had similar characteristics. Calibration graphs of the dependence of the optical density of solutions on the concentration of standard substances (gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, rutin), constructed using the Folin-Denis and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents, had a linear character within the concentration range of 10–100 μg/ml and practically coincided. The results of determining the content of phenolic compounds in ethanol extracts of plants, differing in their ability to accumulate, showed very similar and statistically significant values when using these two reagents.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using p-Aminobenzoic Acid and p-Aminosalicylic Acid as Reducing Agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Abdul Aji ◽  
Eko Sri Kunarti ◽  
Sri Juari Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Transmission Electron

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by reduction of HAuCl4 with p-aminobenzoic acid and p-aminosalicylic acid as a reducing agent was investigated. This work was conducted in order to determine the optimum condition of AuNPs synthesis and examine the effect of the hydroxyl group in p-aminosalicylic acid towards the size, shape, and stability of the synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The optimum condition of the gold nanoparticles synthesis was determined by UV/Vis spectrophotometer, the shape and size of gold nanoparticles were measured by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The synthesis process was started by reacting HAuCl4 and the reducing agents in an aqueous solution at 86 ºC. The initial gold concentration, reducing agents concentration and pH were varied in order to obtain the optimum condition. In the optimum condition, the results showed that p-aminosalicylic acid containing both hydroxyl and amino groups performed higher reduction ability compared to p-aminobenzoic acid that only containing an amino group. Reducing agents which have a hydroxyl group (p-aminosalicylic acid) could produce AuNPs with a smaller concentration of HAuCl4 than p-aminobenzoic acid. Gold nanoparticles that were synthesized with p-aminosalicylic acid were more stable and had a smaller particle size compared to its counterpart that is synthesized with p-aminobenzoic acid.

Influence of the Initial Nitrogen Concentration on Eliminating Nitrogen Load of Europhia Sediment Capping with Active Barrier System (ABS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
Jin Lan Xu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jun Chen Kang ◽  
Ting Lin Huang ◽  
Yu Hua Dong
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Sediment Capping ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Active Barrier

Abstract: Active barrier system (ABS) capping zeolite with large surface area and strong adsorption ability is an effective way to control eutrophication of lake since it can remove ammonia in the lake released by sediment. Influence of the initial nitrogen concentration on eliminating nitrogen load of europhia sediment capping with active barrier system (ABS) were studied through an investigation of the repairment results of serious pollution period (total nitrogen concentration up to 25.33 mg/L), moderate pollution period (14.39 mg/L) and the slight pollution period (3.47 mg/L) of the ancient Canal of Yangzhou. The results showed that: (1) zeolite F1 inhibition effect is stronger than zeolite F2. More TN were removed as the initial TN concentration increased and longer rapid inhibit period were presented with the increased initial TN concentration. (2) The ammonia nitrogen in sediment could be rapidly released into the overlying water, and with lower initial TN concentration in source water, more ammonia would be released from the sediment. Long time treatment was necessary to inhibit the release of ammonia completely if the water showed a high initial TN concentration. (3) After covering zeolite, the total nitrogen in the overlying water were removed mainly through nitrification and denitrification. At the initial TN concentration of 3.47 mg/L, 14.39 mg/L, 25.88 mg/L, 61%, 45% and 52% of TN were removed by the conversion of ammonia to nitrogen gas, however, others left in water as nitrate nitrogen and nitrite residues, and 90% was nitrate nitrogen.

RELATIONSHIP OF YIELD AND TOTAL NITROGEN UPTAKE OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS PLANTS GROWN IN THE GREENHOUSE TO AVAILABLE SOIL NITROGEN

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Munro
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Relationship Of

Initial nitrate-nitrogen content of the soil gave a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.93 with yields and with total nitrogen uptake of Brussels sprouts plants (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC., Jade Cross). Soil nitrogen extracted with 0.01 M NaHCO3 gave r values of 0.76 with yields and 0.75 with nitrogen uptake. Nitrate incubation results from leached, moist soil samples gave r values of 0.59 with yields and 0.56 with nitrogen uptake. However, air-drying of soil samples prior to leaching and incubation resulted in r values of only 0.15 and 0.11 with yields and nitrogen uptake, respectively. Available nitrogen determined by incubation without previous leaching of the soil samples gave high r values because of the influence of the initial nitrate nitrogen in the soil.

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