Always Pay Attention to Which Model of Motor Learning You Are Using

This critical review considers the epistemological and historical background of the theoretical construct of motor learning for a more differentiated understanding. More than simply reflecting critically on the models that are used to solve problems—whether they are applied in therapy, physical education, or training practice—this review seeks to respond constructively to the recent discussion caused by the replication crisis in life sciences. To this end, an in-depth review of contemporary motor learning approaches is provided, with a pragmatism-oriented clarification of the researcher’s intentions on fundamentals (what?), subjects (for whom?), time intervals (when?), and purpose (for what?). The complexity in which the processes of movement acquisition, learning, and refinement take place removes their predictable and linear character and therefore, from an applied point of view, invites a great deal of caution when trying to make generalization claims. Particularly when we attempt to understand and study these phenomena in unpredictable and dynamic contexts, it is recommended that scientists and practitioners seek to better understand the central role that the individual and their situatedness plays in the system. In this way, we will be closer to making a meaningful and authentic contribution to the advancement of knowledge, and not merely for the sake of renaming inventions.

Surface Morphology Investigations of Nanocrystalline R2Fe14B (R = Y, Nd, Gd, Er) by Atomic Force Microscopy

The study was aimed at microstructure investigations of melt-spun rare-earth intermetallic compounds using atomic force microscopy. Surface morphology of R2Fe14B (R = Y, Nd, Gd, Er) was studied with nanometric resolution. Grain structure features were discovered depending on the rare-earth element composition and quenching regime. Grain size dependence on rare earth elements' composition decreased with the metal's serial number and atomic weight. Wherein structural size dependence on quenching wheel speed had non-linear character: increase the speed from 20 to 30 m/s led to 3 times decrease of the grain size and significant surface roughness reduction.

Air column of pressure hydrocyclone with pneumatic regulator

A reliable non-contact pneumatic pressure regulator of a pressure hydrocyclone is offered. The regulator is installed in the area of ​​the sand nozzle. The pneumatic regulator of the standard pressure cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone provides non-contact thickening of the product in the area of ​​the sand nozzle. In the process of controlling the operation of the hydrocyclone along its axis, an air column is formed. Features of the regulator affect the formation of the air column of the hydrocyclone. The pressure in the air column is manometric. The task is to investigate the effect of pulp pressure at the inlet of the hydrocyclone, pulp thickening and air column pressure. Experimental studies were performed in the laboratory on a model of a standard industrial cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone HC360. The connection between the technological parameters of the hydrocyclone operation and the pressure in the air column has been studied. to establish possibilities of control of work of a hydrocyclone on pressure in an air column. The planning of the experiment in the laboratory on a hydrocyclone model was performed in the program Statgraphics Centurion XV. Experimental studies were performed for the optimal parameters of the angle and slit of the pneumatic regulator. The optimization criterion is chosen – the maximum effect of pulp thickening while minimizing local energy losses in the nozzle. In laboratory conditions, the change in pulp pressure and density at the inlet of the hydrocyclone over the entire operating range is simulated. The laboratory model of the hydrocyclone was made on a scale of M1:10. Flotation waste was used as pulp. Modeling of hydrocyclone operation as a part of water-sludge system at the concentrator is carried out. The density of the solid phase is 1500 kg/m3. The solids content at the inlet is 10 g/l. Samples were taken by volumetric measurement with a measuring vessel. A statistically significant relationship between the pressure in the air column of the hydrocyclone and the effect of pulp thickening in a standard cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone was established. The presence of the linear character of the dependence of the coefficient of thickening and pressure in the air column of the hydrocyclone with the pneumatic regulator is checked. The absence of a statistically significant effect of hydrocyclone supply pressure on the dependence of other selected factors was established. Experimental studies were carried out at the optimal design parameters of the pneumatic regulator according to the criteria of minimizing the loss of energy of air current in the nozzle and minimizing the volumetric flow of air.

STUDY OF VOLUME CHANGES OF PLASTER WITH MINERAL ADDITIVES

Pre-treatment viznachaє infusion of mineral additives on the natural deformation of gypsum virob. The main reason for the low water resistance of the gypsum viruses is stated. The reason is є a wedge vise. Such a grip breaks out local contacts with crystals. Tsi cause one to dress up in a negative synergistic effect. A wide circle of naukovts is looked around. Fakhivtsi detect the inflow of mineral and chemical additives on the water resistance of the gypsum. Zokrem is honored that the power of materials on the basis of inorganic viscous accumulation of the manifestation of electrostatic interconnection of subordinate electric spheres of structural elements. Before it was confirmed, the value of the biological deformation of the gypsum should be deposited instead of a mineral supplement. Uwagu zoseredzheno on slag blast-furnace granulated chalk.The meta of the statistic was the determination of the degree of determination of the indicator of the uniform lineal deformation of the water saturation (swelling) ew at m / m. Such an indicator can be used with a supplementary indicator of water resistance. In the experimental preliminaries, we used G-10 grade G-10 industrial gypsum, Zaporizhstal blast-furnace granulation slag, and a plasticizing additive - sodium lignosulfonate in a 2% mixture of gipsuFor further development, the skin with three eyes was placed vertically near the vessel. A steel overlay was placed on top of the zrazok. Before the overlay, an indicator of the year-old type was set, fastened to a laboratory stand. The distance was fixed to the cob to show the indicator. The deformation took 3–5 years to develop. In the meantime, having reached the maximum value and mayzhe, the odra was repaired to decrease. At the same time, there will be a projection of the addition of a supplementary indicator of water resistance to the water consumDue to the increase in the amount of slag, the deformation will decrease. The price decrease did not demonstrate a linear character. The character is sickly. This deposit is analogous to that of the deposits of the mines and water from the slag. Minimal deformation is more favorable for a piece gypsum stone with a removable slag W / (H + W) 0.05–0.1 and ponad 0.27. Tse pіdtverzhu podpuschennya about injections at low water resistance gіpsu ozklinuvalnogo inlet water. The wedge-shaped inflow of water is drawn through the contacts between the crystals and particles in the structures of the hypers. The values of the natural deformations of a piece gypsum stone are projected according to the parameters of the water resistance.

АВТОПОЕЗИС СИСТЕМИ ЕТИЧНИХ КАТЕГОРІЙ В АНГЛІЙСЬКІЙ МОВІ: ЛІНГВОСИНЕРГЕТИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД

The paper represents the results of ethical categories study on the material of the English language from the linguo-synergetic approach. The aim of the paper is to address the issue of self-organization of the system of English-language ethical categories in diachronical perspective. It also highlights the principles of autopoiesis of language systems, invento-rizes the lexical verbalization means of the target ethical categories, reveals the etymological images that underpin ethical categories verbalizers, explains the cognitive connections among the categories in the process of self-organization. The employed methods include semantic analysis, which reveals the meaning of the analyzed words; etymological analysis, which unravels the inner form of the lexicalization units; cognitive reinterpretation, which explains the mental associative connections between the meanings; synergetic analysis, which explains the process of self-organization of the system of ethical categories. The paper draws a borderline between ethical categories and values and argues that ethical cate-gories appeared as a result of generalizations when, for example, a good deed of recurring character was conceived as something good in general, or an obligation in a particular situation was generalized to an all-embracing duty etc. The synergetic properties of language systems are revealed and they include complex hierarchical organization, being open and dynamic, instability and non-linearity. The paper reveals the etymological images that underly the analyzed cate-gories. The process of self-organization of the corpus of ethical categories consists in the fact that the most primordial moral category being reinterpreted gave birth to all other ones. The most primary cognitive trait is “whole” which underlies the category GOOD, while the antagonistic category EVIL is based on the cognitive feature “split”, which proves the polar perception of these categories on the cognitive level in diachrony but not only on the level of current lexico-semantic vari-ants. The autopoiesis of the system of linguoethical categories in the English language has a complex non-linear character, since the connections between the images, which underlie them are multifaced.Key words: cognitive feature, diachrony, etymological image, non-linearity, self-organization. У статті представлені результати дослідження етичних категорій на матеріалі англійської мови з позицій лінгвосинергетичного підходу. Метою статті є викладення проблеми самоорганізації системи англомовних етичних категорій у діахронії. У роботі розглядаються принципи автопоезису мовних систем, здійснюється інвентаризація лексичних засобів вербалізації аналізованих етичних категорій, викладаються етимологічні образи, що покладені в основу вербалізаторів, пояснюються когнітивні зв’язки між категоріями в процесі самоорганізації. Застосовані методи містять семантичний аналіз, етимологічний аналіз, когнітивну інтерпретацію, синергетичний аналіз. У статті здійснено розмежування між етичними категоріями й етичними цінностями й зроблено висновок, що етичні категорії з'явилися в результаті узагальнень, коли, наприклад, повторення певного доброго вчинку стало осмислюватися як щось хороше в цілому або обов'язок у конкретній ситуації був узагальнений до всеосяжного обов'язку тощо. Схарактеризовано синергетичні властивості мовних систем, до яких належать складна ієрархічна організація, відкритість, динамічність, нерівноважність і нелінійність. Було визначено, що між цими параметрами існує кільцева залежність, зміна одного з них веде до зміни всіх інших. У статті розкриваються етимологічні образи, що покладені в основу аналізованих категорій. Викладено процес самоорганізації корпусу етичних категорій, який полягає в тому, що найбільш первинна етична категорія внаслідок когнітивного переосмислення стала основою для утворення інших, що цілком корелює з принципом метафоричності людського мислення. Найбільш первинною когнітивною рисою є «цілісність», яку покладено в основу категорії ДОБРО, тоді як антагоністична категорія ЗЛО базується на когнітивній ознаці «розкол», що доводить полярне сприйняття цих категорій на когнітивному рівні в діахронії, а не лише на рівні сучасних лексико-семантичних варіантів. Автопоезис системи лінгвоетичних категорій в англійській мові має складний нелінійний характер, оскільки зв'язки між образами, які покладено в їх основи, є багатоплановими.Ключові слова: діахронія, етимологічний образ, когнітивна риса, нелінійність, самоорганізація.

Determination of the Upper Limit Up To Which the Linear Flow Law (Darcy's Law) Can Be Applied

In the practice of hydrodynamic calculations the linear flow law, commonly called Darcy's law, is now widely used. It is well known that it is violated at large pressure gradients. This means that there is a certain limit value of the pressure gradient Δp* above which a deviation from the linear character of the flow law begins. This value of the pressure gradient is the upper limit of applicability.A method is presented for the direct determination of the upper limit of the validity of the linear flow law (Darcy's law) for any porous media. The method is based on the principles of percolation modelling of fluid flows in porous media. The influence of the structure of the pore space on the value of the boundary gradient is analysed. A qualitative comparison with the experimental data is performed.

A Ball-Type Passive Tuned Mass Vibration Absorber for Response Control of Structures under Harmonic Loading

Ball-type tuned mass absorbers are growing in popularity. They combine a multi-directional effect with compact dimensions, properties that make them attractive for use at slender structures prone to wind excitation. Their main drawback lies in limited adjustability of damping level to a prescribed value. Insufficient damping makes ball-type absorbers more prone than pendula to objectionable effects stemming from the non-linear character of the system. Thus, the structure and design of the damping device have to be made so that the autoparametric resonance states, occurrence of which depends on system parameters and properties of possible excitation, are avoided for safety reasons. This chapter summarises available 3D mathematical models of a ball-pendulum and introduces the non-linear approach based on the Appell–Gibbs function. Efficiency of the models is then illustrated for the case of kinematic and random excitation. Interaction of the absorber and the harmonically forced simple linear structure is numerically analysed. Finally, the chapter provides examples of typical patterns of the autoparametric response and outlines possibilities of applications in practical engineering.

Devising a method to parametrize the jacket style varieties through the modification of tіpological series structures

The study reported here has revealed the issue related to the inefficient scaling of the uniformity of jacket model designs in the processes involving a typical representative as a result of modification parameters uncertainty. A variant has been proposed to synchronize the critical points of silhouetted allowances by grouping the numeric series in the vector of choosing the value for an increase in the allowance according to the characteristics of style varieties. The influence of shape-forming segmentation on the formation of a classifier of the structural and technological solutions for a jacket has been determined. The built model to support modification vectors has made it possible to describe the sequence of procedures execution by the method of typical representation. The presence of one design category, the same structural parts, the uniformity of style simplifies the processes of choosing and selecting the most characteristic models of the jacket. It was found that the morphological combination of attributes of the physical appearance affects the adjustment of style preferences in a manufacturer’s products. The parameters for typical segmentation relative to the junction points of the structural zones of the optimized five-seam prototype design have been defined as the most influential vectors of jacket modification. A method for scaling the allowance for free fitting has been devised on the basis of data from empirical research. An adequate regression model has been derived for normalizing the silhouette allowance parameters. The constructed model makes it possible to scale silhouette structures by changing the increments at the corner points of the contour according to the prototype of gradation under an automated mode. Practical recommendations have been compiled on the parameters of zonal-modular modification of silhouette designs of jacket varieties: a linear character of the state silhouetted transformation relative to ASi1=5 cm. The normalized parameters for constructing functional and decorative parts have been proposed

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TOTAL CONTENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN PLANT EXTRACTS WITH FOLIN-DENIS REAGENT AND FOLIN-CHOCALTEU REAGENT: MODIFICATION AND COMPARISON

A modification of the method for determining the total content of phenolic compounds in plant tissue extracts with the Folin-Denis reagent and the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent has been carried out, allowing to establish the correspondence of the results obtained when using them. The method using the Folin-Denis reagent is adapted for conducting determinations in microvolumes. For the method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the concentration of the latter (0.4 N, a 5-fold dilution of the standard reagent) and the composition of the reaction mixture were selected, using which the optical densities of the reduction products of the Folin-Denis and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents containing polyphenols in ethanol extracts from wheat, buckwheat and calus tissue of tea were almost the same. The absorption spectra of the reduction products of these reagents by gallic acid, rutin, (-)-epicatechin, as well as ethanol extracts from wheat, buckwheat, and tea calus tissue, were located in the same region (680–770 nm) and had similar characteristics. Calibration graphs of the dependence of the optical density of solutions on the concentration of standard substances (gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, rutin), constructed using the Folin-Denis and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents, had a linear character within the concentration range of 10–100 μg/ml and practically coincided. The results of determining the content of phenolic compounds in ethanol extracts of plants, differing in their ability to accumulate, showed very similar and statistically significant values when using these two reagents.

Association between psychotropic drug use and handgrip strength in older hospitalized patients

Purpose Handgrip strength is an indicator of frailty and longevity in older adults. The association between psychotropic drug use and handgrip strength in older hospitalized patients was investigated in this study. Methods A total of 488 patients were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study, 333 women and 155 men, from two different cohorts of older (mean age 84 years) hospitalized in-patients. We used multiple linear regression models to explore the association between psychotropic drug use and handgrip strength. We adjusted for factors known to affect handgrip strength: Age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidity (Charlson comorbidity index). Results Both unadjusted and adjusted analyses showed that psychotropic drug use was associated with handgrip strength (β = − 0.183, p < 0.0001). The relationship was of a linear character, with no clear threshold value, but with the greatest reduction in handgrip strength between zero and two psychotropic drugs. Conclusion An increasing number of psychotropic drugs were significantly associated with reduced handgrip strength in a linearly pattern. Hence, it is timely to question the guided threshold value of avoidance of three or more psychotropic drugs in older people. Psychotropic drug use should be kept as low as possible in treatment of older patients.